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Article
Publication date: 22 May 2023

Suzanne Hollander

The aim of this Real Estate Insight is to comment upon the impact of Covid on the shopping centre sector in the United States of America (USA) and lessons the USA can learn from…

143

Abstract

Purpose

The aim of this Real Estate Insight is to comment upon the impact of Covid on the shopping centre sector in the United States of America (USA) and lessons the USA can learn from Latin American shopping centres to survive and thrive.

Design/methodology/approach

This Real Estate Insight will comment upon the real estate shopping centre sector. The nature of the “Insights” briefings mean that this is a personal view of the author based on her visit to over 70 shopping centres in Latin America, specifically Brazil, Peru, Chile, Argentina and Paraguay during her 2022 sabbatical.

Findings

This paper looks at shopping centre industry in a transitional post-Covid 19 marketplace and concludes that the shopping centres in Latin American have taken many steps to integrate themselves into the fabric of the community.

Practical implications

The lessons learnt by owners of shopping centres in Latin America may help other investors with their management strategies in other centres globally.

Social implications

Shopping is all about behaviour and social interaction. Vibrant centres encourage the community to use the centre as a focal point.

Originality/value

The value is to suggest strategies to help the shopping centre sector adapt, re-engineer change and thrive through challenging times.

Details

Journal of Property Investment & Finance, vol. 41 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1463-578X

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 13 February 2024

Chih-Chin Liang and Annie Pei-I Yu

Impulse purchases are a phenomenon of interest in recent years that provides a high revenue stream for companies compared to planned purchases. Airports are a unique shopping…

Abstract

Purpose

Impulse purchases are a phenomenon of interest in recent years that provides a high revenue stream for companies compared to planned purchases. Airports are a unique shopping environment. Travellers usually need to arrive at the airport early and can only utilise limited time to shop at duty-free stores, which makes the shopping experience time-constrained and has the potential to make impulse purchases. The main purpose of this research is to create a model to examine whether “time pressure” and “hedonic shopping motivation” lead to impulse shopping through the formation of “positive emotion” in the context of airport duty-free shops.

Design/methodology/approach

A questionnaire-based survey was conducted in this study. The data collection for this study targeted individuals who had previously used airline services for international travel and visited duty-free shops at international airports. A total of 502 valid subjects participated in this survey.

Findings

The findings indicated that time pressure and consumers’ hedonic motivations have a positive impact on emotions. Positive emotions have a positive impact on the occurrence of impulse purchases. Music and light can moderate the impact of hedonic motivation on emotion but cannot reduce the influence of time pressure on emotion. Social factor significantly moderates the positive association between hedonic shopping motivation and emotion.

Originality/value

The research collected data from various international airports and social media, enabling the findings to be generalised.

Details

International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, vol. 52 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0959-0552

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 January 1983

Clifford M Guy, Neil Wrigley and Larry O'Brien

Several commentators have expressed concern over the methods used by the retail sector in the UK in deciding on the location and scale of future developments. Most firms appear…

Abstract

Several commentators have expressed concern over the methods used by the retail sector in the UK in deciding on the location and scale of future developments. Most firms appear simply to react to development opportunities as they arise, or make decisions on the basis of ‘hunch’. Very little statistical information is used to assist them. One reason for this must be that forecasting methods and factual information available are frequently quite inadequate to permit of reliable judgments about the performance of new stores in specified locations. This reflects not only the lack of retail turnover statistics at local level, but also the lack of detailed information about the routine shopping behaviour of representative samples of the population. In recent years there has been very little applied general research into shopping behaviour in the UK; consequently very little is known about many of its aspects, particularly those factors which influence and motivate people's choice of store for their everyday shopping trips. In this article the authors have a positive objective; after discussing existing sources of information they describe a new and potentially valuable source — the Cardiff shopping diary survey, which they themselves carried out in the first half of 1982. Finally, they deal with some ways in which the results of this survey can be put to practical use by retail organisations.

Details

Retail and Distribution Management, vol. 11 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0307-2363

Article
Publication date: 1 February 1993

Art Thomas and Ron Garland

The presence of a written shopping list on a major grocery buyingtrip to the supermarket is tangible evidence of out‐of‐store planning bythe shopper. This pre‐planning may…

1207

Abstract

The presence of a written shopping list on a major grocery buying trip to the supermarket is tangible evidence of out‐of‐store planning by the shopper. This pre‐planning may influence both time spent in store and grocery expenditure, two factors of importance to supermarket retailers. Set in a New Zealand city, examines the extent to which a written grocery shopping list affects these two factors by comparing the behaviour of two matched samples, one with lists and one without. The findings are conclusive: written shopping lists significantly reduce average expenditure; the presence of children accompanying the shopper significantly increases expenditure and time spent in store. While supermarket retailers cannot dissuade customers from bringing a written shopping list to the store, they can encourage customers to spend more time in‐store, and to shop with someone else, thereby increasing average expenditure.

Details

International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, vol. 21 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0959-0552

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 July 1996

Joel D. Wisner

Presents the findings of a comprehensive survey conducted among a wide variety of US machine shops. The objectives of the study were to develop the literature‐based just‐in‐time…

860

Abstract

Presents the findings of a comprehensive survey conducted among a wide variety of US machine shops. The objectives of the study were to develop the literature‐based just‐in‐time (JIT) machine shop model and to study empirically the changes taking place in the operation of machine shops in response to increasing demands by customers for JIT deliveries of products. Determines basic facility operating characteristics, machine operator characteristics, shopfloor control policies, and overall shop performance characteristics of machine shops having a significant level of sales to JIT customers. Discusses these findings with respect to the JIT machine shop model described in the previous literature. Supplies descriptive information for machine shops having little or no sales to JIT customers, to identify operating differences between the two classes of machine shops.

Details

International Journal of Operations & Production Management, vol. 16 no. 7
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0144-3577

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 March 1995

Ruby Roy Dholakia, Birgit Pedersen and Neset Hikmet

Social and demographic changes are putting pressures on traditionalgender roles in the house‐hold. Reports on the role of married malesbased on a large‐scale survey of upscale…

2718

Abstract

Social and demographic changes are putting pressures on traditional gender roles in the house‐hold. Reports on the role of married males based on a large‐scale survey of upscale households. The data suggest that males in married households are responsible for shopping activities in varying degrees. The level of shopping responsibility is a function of the spouse′s occupation as well as the type of goods to be purchased. Responsibility for grocery shopping is limited among married males (about 15 per cent claim primary responsibility) but the ones who are responsible express the most enlightened attitudes about shopping and report the greatest degree of enjoyment with shopping at the supermarket. Although 56 per cent of the married males claim primary responsibility for their clothing, enjoyment of the shopping mall is greater among those who share responsibility jointly with their wives. The perceptions of alternative shopping methods such as store, catalogue and computer shopping suggest that store shopping is more fun, satisfying and rewarding. Because of these hedonic components, store shopping is likely to remain popular in the near future.

Details

International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, vol. 23 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0959-0552

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 15 November 2011

Chiu‐chi Angela Chang and Monika Kukar‐Kinney

The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast two types of shopping aids, that is, research‐supporting and solution‐oriented shopping aids, and examine their effectiveness…

4647

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast two types of shopping aids, that is, research‐supporting and solution‐oriented shopping aids, and examine their effectiveness, considering both consumer and situational factors.

Design/methodology/approach

Expanded selection and additional detailed information are chosen to illustrate research‐supporting shopping aids, and personalized product recommendations and product ratings are used as examples of solution‐oriented shopping aids. This conceptual paper proposes that usage of shopping aids has an effect on the purchase likelihood and decision satisfaction and focuses on studying the moderating role of consumer product knowledge and time pressure. The thesis is that congruence between the type of a shopping aid and consumer characteristics, such as product knowledge, or situational characteristics, such as time pressure, should enhance the effectiveness of shopping aids.

Findings

The research propositions in this paper delineate how the use of retail shopping aids should affect the consumer's purchase likelihood, decision satisfaction, decision confidence, and evaluation costs, under the moderating influence of product knowledge and time pressure. Overall, knowledgeable consumers and less time‐pressed consumers should benefit from research‐supporting shopping aids (i.e. expanded selection and additional product information), whereas novice consumers and time‐pressed consumers should benefit from solution‐oriented shopping aids (i.e. personalized product recommendation and product ratings).

Originality/value

Retail shopping aids are designed to offer sales assistance for consumers to handle the obstacles to purchase completion. However, past efforts to install retail shopping aids have seen mixed results. This conceptual paper advocates that consideration of consumer characteristics and situational factors is necessary to understand the effects of shopping aid usage. This paper thus contributes to the understanding of solutions to purchase decision deferral and the determinants of decision satisfaction, and has practical implications for retailers regarding providing retail shopping aids to facilitate purchase completion and shopping experiences.

Details

Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, vol. 23 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1355-5855

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 April 1980

Danica Ognjenovic

Wood Green “Shopping City” is hardly the most attractive development Europe has ever seen — the heavy, red‐brick, municipal feel of the place doesn't merit the warm and exciting…

Abstract

Wood Green “Shopping City” is hardly the most attractive development Europe has ever seen — the heavy, red‐brick, municipal feel of the place doesn't merit the warm and exciting catch‐phrases which the publicists have dreamed up for it. However, as an integrated urban development it figured prominently in the International Council of Shopping Centres' 5th Annual European Conference, where it was used as a case study for a panel session. As far as general information goes, there are still 14 units on the market, and standard shops are letting for between £20,000‐£30,000 in Phase II. The centre is mainly for comparison shopping, although there is a bid to increase food representation in certain areas, and there are restaurant facilities within the development itself. Wood Green was designed to be a major focus for shopping in North London and to cater for a projected catchment area of some 3–4 million people. The last attendance figures available for the “Shopping City” (which were taken in late April when a number of shops now open were not trading) show Saturday to be the peak day, when a total of 50,000 people used the centre. Phase I was started in 1973, and sits on the east side of Wood Green high road. Phase II, on the west side, began construction in 1976, and the major stores of D H Evans and C&A are trading now. Phases I and II are linked by a bridge across the high street at first floor level. Called the Gallery, units on this bridge will be leased to specialist up‐market shops, and this area is singled out for high pedestrian flow. What distinguishes Wood Green is the major housing development on the upper levels of Shopping City. This is due for completion in 1981 and will provide 201 flats for over 500 people. The dwellings are for one, two or five persons, and overlook a central landscaped court, inside which is a children's creche. In February 1979 a Market Hall was opened which gives 54,000 sq ft to 72 traders, many of whom have installed themselves there now that their old sites have been replaced by Shopping City. Another feature which has been made much of by the developers is Citysquare, “a place where shoppers and advertisers will meet.” A metal frame has been suspended from the ceiling of Citysquare and it is planned to take in “advertising, news and entertainment facilities with dramatic sound and vision.” Below this structure, it is hoped that national and local advertisers will put on show their products and services. It must also be noted that there is provision for 1,500 car parking spaces, and 25,000 sq ft of offices. It is also felt that because the car park is located directly over the shopping centre, it encourages pedestrian flow through the first floor level of the development. The other way in which customer circulation is encouraged is via the Gallery across the high road and because there are main traders at each end, on both floors. The development is a joint enterprise between the Haringey Council and Electricity Supply Nominees Ltd, builders are John Laing Ltd, architects are Sheppard Robson, and Development Consultants, Letting and managing agents are Richard Ellis, London. The following report outlines major areas of interest discussed at the conference. The panel speakers were: Richard Young of Sheppard Robson, London, who were the architects for Wood Green; Nigel Woolner of Chapman Taylor Associates, who have Eldon Square in their portfolio and who are involved in the West One development in Oxford Street; Rex Mercer of Drivers Jonas, which acted on behalf of the London Borough of Haringey for the Wood Green development; and Derek Nunn of Bungey, Nunn & Stock, marketing advisers, who also contributed to Wood Green. Roger Lucas of Richard Ellis chaired the panel.

Details

Retail and Distribution Management, vol. 8 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0307-2363

Article
Publication date: 18 September 2009

Orapin Laohapensang

An exploration of factors influencing internet shopping is conducted using the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) as the theoretical base. The theory holds that a potential…

14130

Abstract

Purpose

An exploration of factors influencing internet shopping is conducted using the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) as the theoretical base. The theory holds that a potential customer's attitude towards the behaviour and the customer's subjective norm and perceived behavioural controls can influence the intention and its eventual realisation. This paper aims to address the factors influencing internet shopping by Thai consumers in order to answer the question of how well TPB explains online shopping intentions in Thailand. Then, comparisons are made between theoretical predictions and the current situation of the use of online services by consumers in Thailand.

Design/methodology/approach

This study is based on a questionnaire survey asking participants what factors influence their use of the internet for shopping. Subjects are drawn from 400 graduates at four major universities in Thailand. To test the validity and reliability of the measurement models using the corrected item‐total correlations, Cronbach's α and correlations among constructs in the path model are used. Assessment is made of the importance of variables in the path model with the application of the conventional regression. All multiple items of the measures are assessed for their internal consistency by computing the corrected item total correlation and coefficient α for each composite measure.

Findings

The empirical analysis suggests that the difficulty of shopping online is seen as the factor most influencing customers' intention to shop online. In this survey and that of the NECTEC, online technology is seen as the principal barrier to using the internet for online shopping. In contrast, it is found elsewhere that a potential customer's attitude is the factor having most influence on the intention to shop.

Originality/value

The results of a survey of 400 consumers in Thailand showed that the factors of opinions of people around consumers and the environment of online shopping can affect their intention to shop online, and its realisation.

Details

Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal, vol. 13 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1361-2026

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 May 1998

Suzanne Horne

Charity retailing has been a successful sector of the retail market since the late 1980s. Charity shops have blossomed on the streets of towns and cities in the UK to become a…

6497

Abstract

Charity retailing has been a successful sector of the retail market since the late 1980s. Charity shops have blossomed on the streets of towns and cities in the UK to become a feature of interest for retail academics and concern for the conventional retailer. They have the potential to serve four purposes in that they offer a social service, enable the recycling of goods, help to raise awareness of the charity and provide a fundraising medium. With increased professionalism in their operations, competition has escalated for customers, goods and volunteers, both with other charities and with established retailers in terms of business rates relief. The increased competition from within and without poses the problem of retail strategy for the future. Suggestions for future development include developing a strong brand image in order to attract and secure customer loyalty, and joint ventures with other retailers and charities. There is no doubt that the charity shop can provide a very successful means of raising funds.

Details

International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, vol. 26 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0959-0552

Keywords

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