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The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of fear of crime on consumer shopping intentions at a secondary business district in the USA.

Qualitative methodologies are used to first develop factors associated with fear of crime. These factors are then tested quantitatively with a sample of residents from a community bordering an established secondary shopping district. The model, which also includes behavior and subjective social norms as explanatory variables, is tested using multiple ordinary least square regression.

Only a single factor associated with fear of crime (which includes measures of vagrancies, lighting, and cleanliness) is found to be significantly related to shopping intentions. The findings do not differ between males and females. The remaining five factors associated with fear of crime are not significantly related to shopping intentions.

The paper is limited to a single location and measures shopping intentions but not actual shopping activity. Future research can build in these two areas.

Retailers located in older shopping districts are challenged to renew interest among shoppers. This paper suggests that by focusing on a few key environmental characteristics, retailers can reduce the fear of crime and improve consumers' shopping intentions.

Given the many older, secondary shopping districts, this paper is one of a few to link specific shopping district characteristics to fear of crime and shopping intentions.

This study aims to identify the elements that characterise spaces for tourists and those that characterise spaces for locals in a shopping district based on the perspectives of local students. Forty-five local undergraduates took photographs of settings that impressed them in the shopping district in Naha-shi, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, and the reasons given by each respondent for photographing a particular setting were recorded. Frequently used nouns and adjectives were extracted for each category. The results suggest the importance of the types of commercial facilities and people on the perspectives of locals. Affordable and mundane products are associated with local spaces, while souvenirs may be regarded as symbols of touristic spaces. The absence of locals and the presence of tourists may be characteristics of touristic spaces whereas the potential attractiveness of encounters with locals for tourists is also implied.

Presents the results of an interview survey carried out in an out‐of‐town store, compares these with the impact of the store as predicted by the Lakschmanan‐Harsen real potential model. Suggests that the model is an effective way of assessing the impact of out‐of‐town stores.

Uses a product‐oriented approach to examine consumer outshopping patterns in a large and densely polulated city — Hong Kong. Concentrates on one popular consumer product, the camera, as an example, and looks at the possible effects of different product forms and price combinations on outshopping patterns. Analyses the implications of consumer outshopping for the individual retailer, particularly with regard to the formation of channel strategies. Suggests that consumers' outshopping patterns are not only product specific, but are also influenced by product form and the price of that product.

Within the last six years two planned shopping centres have opened in Rathmines, an older residential area of Dublin. One — the Town Hall Centre — opened in 1978; the other, the Swan Centre, late last year. As a means of studying the changing nature of retailing in the district, two studies were undertaken during 1983 before the Swan Centre opened. This article reports on these two studies and also makes use of a subsequent questionnaire survey of shoppers after the Swan Centre had opened. The author shows that, contrary to popular belief, inner city suburbs have not necessarily been bypassed in terms of retail change.

The purpose of this paper is to identify and analyse the crucial variables of pedestrian flow value of the shopping centres in Hong Kong.

The study identifies the key determinants of pedestrian flow value (PFV) which is measured by net rental income per floor area per pedestrian flow. Based on the rental and pedestrian flow survey data of 146 shopping centres along the subway (Mass Transit Railway) stations in Hong Kong, the authors have estimated the marginal effects of these determinants on the PFV. The research explains different variations' impacts of pedestrian flow on the rental value of the shopping centres in Hong Kong.

It is found that shopping centres owned by the same owners tend to achieve a lower PFV, which suggests that owners of multiple shopping malls may adopt a uniform pedestrian flow management strategy that may not be ideal for each individual mall.

This study focuses on the shopping centres that are located along the railway stations. Researchers are encouraged to test the shopping centres that are less affected by the railway stations.

It is useful for shopping centre owners and operators to determine the optimal strategy for managing pedestrian flow in their shopping centres.

The relationship between pedestrian flow and the shopping centre value is coined in the research as pedestrian flow value (PFV) which is to calculate the pedestrian flow effectiveness measured by net rental income per floor area per pedestrian flow.

When a retailer takes on the responsibility for a development within which his own outlet will be the dominant feature, he must, of course, be satisfied that he is investing in a prime site which serves an appropriate catchment. At a seminar on District Shopping Centre Development in London earlier this year, Sam Chippindale, Director of Sam Chippindale Development Enterprises Ltd, suggested that the relationship between developer and Local Authority is equally important, and that both parties have a mutual interest in the long‐term success of the enterprise. If the partnership is to operate a community centre that is architecturally acceptable, free from vandalism, well patronised and economically viable, then negotiations should reflect these broader aims and not be conducted as pure horse‐trading over initial terms. The seminar was presented by IBC.

The purpose of this paper is to identify, using a case study, whether consumers in a metropolitan area can be meaningfully segmented geographically such that it can understand the way they perceive and interact with the downtown district and to delineate the implications of the findings for business improvement area marketing initiatives from a management perspective.

A total of 650 visitors to downtown Toronto are interviewed using a pretested questionnaire. Their responses are related to their location within the metropolitan area. Correspondence analysis (CA) is applied to the data to visually identify possible market segments.

The analysis identified four distinct place‐based visitor segments. Each of these segments exhibited behaviour patterns that are distinct and intrinsically meaningful. The analysis further shows that perceptions and current interactions with the district are likely to change depending on where in the metropolis its consumers live.

Since visitor perceptions are place dependent, it is difficult to implement a single place marketing campaign that is relevant to each segment. The results suggest that it needs to develop communication strategies that are specific to each segment, incorporating an understanding of why they visit downtown, what they think of the area, what media they consume, how they get around and what their needs are in terms of lifestage.

By going beyond the traditional analysis of geographic variables and incorporating consumer response variables in the analysis, this paper provides a stronger basis for market segmentation and management action with regard to place marketing. The application of CA provides a visual way to understand the segments.

Success in retailing depends heavily on location. Retailers do better if their shops/stores are situated adjacent to complementary or competitive establishments. This article presents the results of a survey of the micro‐locational perceptions of traders in the centre of a major British City.

Highlights the elements of research into multiple retailers′ attitudes that relate to retail management with reference to shopping centres. Considers location, day‐to‐day management, and portfolio management. Concludes the retailers prefer high‐street locations, and have a space demand that can only be met by shopping centre developments, the emphasis for the 1990s being on re‐organizing poor physical layouts and tenant mix rather than shopping centre aesthetics.