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Banks are the major suppliers of external funds for companies in China. The purpose of this paper is to examine whether Chinese banks exercise effective monitoring over borrowers in two lending decisions, including loan interest rates and loan renewals.

Using a sample of Chinese public industrial firms from 2000 to 2005, the authors perform multivariate regression analysis to investigate whether banks adjust their loan interest rates and consider loan renewal decisions in response to borrowers financial performance. The authors also examine these bank lending decisions before and after 2003, when the major banking reforms started to take place in China.

A negative relation was found between the loan interest rate spread and the financial performance of borrowers. However, a negative relation was found between loan renewals and the financial performance of borrowers, consistent with firms in financial difficulties being in need of more funding and hence more likely to get its bank loans renewed. Additionally, it was found that the factors banks consider when making loan decisions vary before and after 2003.

The authors' findings suggest that Chinese banks play a limited role in monitoring and disciplining borrowers through adjustments of loan interest rates, and that their loan renewal decisions for firms with poor financial performance highlight banks' financing, instead of monitoring role in this transition economy. These findings provide empirical evidence on bank governance in a transition economy dominated by state‐owned enterprises. The paper contributes to the literature by constructing an alternative loan renewal measure using financial statement information.

In this paper, a high-frequency radar test system was used to collect the data of clean ballast bed and fouled ballast bed of ballasted tracks, respectively, for a quantitative evaluation of the condition of railway ballast bed.

Based on original radar signals, the time–frequency characteristics of radar signals were analyzed, five ballast bed condition characteristic indexes were proposed, including the frequency domain integral area, scanning area, number of intersections with the time axis, number of time-domain inflection points and amplitude envelope obtained by Hilbert transform, and the effectiveness and sensitivity of the indexes were analyzed.

The thickness of ballast bed tested at the sleep bottom by high-frequency radar is up to 55 cm, which meets the requirements of ballast bed detection. Compared with clean ballast bed, the values of the five indexes of fouled ballast bed are larger, and the five indexes could effectively show the condition of the ballast bed. The computational efficiency of amplitude envelope obtained by Hilbert transform is 140 s·km⁻¹, and the computational efficiency of other indexes is 5 s·km⁻¹. The amplitude envelopes obtained by Hilbert transform in the subgrade sections and tunnel sections are the most sensitive, followed by scanning area. The number of intersections with the time axis in the bridge sections was the most sensitive, followed by the scanning area. The scanning area can adapt to different substructures such as subgrade, bridges and tunnels, with high comprehensive sensitivity.

The research can provide appropriate characteristic indexes from the high-frequency radar original signal to quantitatively evaluate ballast bed condition under different substructures.

Building on the broaden-and-build theory and incorporating a self-regulatory perspective, this study examines the relationship between trait gratitude and subjective career success and investigates the mediating roles of growth mindset of work and career network breadth.

Time-lagged data were collected in three waves from a sample of 314 employees in China. Hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling.

The findings demonstrate that trait gratitude is positively related to SCS, mediated by growth mindset of work as an indicator of psychological resources and career network breadth as an indicator of social resources. Trait gratitude is more strongly associated with network breadth (i.e., social resources) than with growth mindset (i.e., psychological resources).

Organizations may find trait gratitude an applicable addition to the selection criteria during the recruitment process.

By identifying trait gratitude as an antecedent of SCS and revealing its underlying mechanisms, the current study points to a new perspective on the study of career success.

The adaptability of multi-functional industrial buildings can be an important factor in their reuse. This utility requires the evaluation of factors that are effective apart from physical interventions. Therefore, this study used a combined method to investigate the factors affecting the reuse of the case studies of Iran and their adaptation to the theories proposed in the field of industrial heritage. This study aims to achieve effective strategies in adaptive reuse of industrial heritage buildings.

Hence, six factors in the economic, social, technological, environmental and legal sectors were analyzed based on PESTEL analysis and the interactions of the proposed matrix factors were evaluated. The results from this evaluation were integrated based on conceptual similarities and examined by SWOT technique as the main factors. Finally the criteria obtained from SWOT analysis has been approved by a Delphi survey.

Consequently, the interaction of the findings to determine the strategy was multiplied in a matrix and the resulting concepts were identified. Finally, 23 strategies were extracted as the factors affecting the reuse of industrial heritage buildings and dealing with future issues. According to the results, the most important strategies are government policies and interventions. Also, the determination of the status of ownership, supervision by the Ministry of Cultural Heritage over the preservation and revitalization of industrial heritage buildings and intervention policies for defining the uses related to an industrial building fall into this category.

The findings of this study indicate that an adaptive view of the above strategies and the indicators of each factor could affect the adaptive reuse of the industrial heritage.