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Social entrepreneurship aims at creating social value for the public good rather than personal wealth or private gain as in the case of commercial entrepreneurship. The purpose of this study was to explore the entrepreneurial activities of self-starter teachers and analyze the factors that facilitate or inhibit the appearance of these activities using the concept of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) that are neither part of the formal reward system nor a part of an employee's mandatory job description.

Semi-structured interviews with 30 teachers and ten principals from the Israeli elementary and secondary educational system.

It was found that self-starter teachers engage in simple forms of innovative work behaviors (e.g. developing new curricula and teaching methods, initiating and implementing new projects, including school events). Additionally, the teacher's decision to go the extra-mile and initiate new projects or devise new curricula is related, though, to four major determinants, two of them external (e.g. the principal, the local education authority) and two internal (personal experiences, educational calling and emotional commitment).

The paper sheds light on educational entrepreneurship through the concept of OCB.

Although several previous studies were focused on examining the determinants of research productivity, the knowledge of the competences and motives that lead researchers to achieve relevant scientific performance remains unclear. This paper is aimed at contributing to this gap in the research by proposing a typology to understand academic researchers' traits and extending the traditional “more is better” approach, which assumes that higher levels of competence and motivation are always preferable.

Cluster analysis was applied to a sample of 471 Spanish academics to examine diverse combinations of human capital attributes – knowledge, skills, and abilities – and two sources of motivation – intrinsic and extrinsic.

Four researcher profiles were identified: (1) high vocational academics; (2) motivated academics; (3) self-starter academics and (4) reactive academics. Based on these preliminary findings, we present conclusions about the functioning and productivity of academic researchers.

This paper contributes a novel typology of researchers to the extant literature based on the variables of academic human capital and motivation. The findings indicate that a required and specific combination of attributes better fits the reality of research activities.

This article describes a strategic Learning & Development (L&D) initiative that has begun in the UK giving the “story so far” on how the approach has been radically altered.

The paper details the setting up of the AXA Academy. This model was driven by one of our strategic objectives to enable us to be an employer of choice and develop our staff to a more consistent standard.

Lessons learned so far include: team members need to be available, for approximately two or three days a month to ensure that the project gets speedily off the ground; and the members of the project teams need to be fully motivated and self starters.

In the financial protection and wealth management industry, there is a real need for consistency in approach and outcomes and the Academy will deliver this.

The purposes of this study was to obtain a greater understanding of the consequences of teacher organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) for the teachers who perform OCBs in prevention education as well as for their classrooms and schools as perceived by the teachers and the principals themselves. Based on semi-structured interviews with 30 high-school teachers and 10 principals in the Israeli educational system, the present study found both positive and negative consequences of teacher OCB in prevention education. Among the positive consequences are self-fulfillment, social acknowledgment of the teacher's unique contribution, high levels of trust toward the teacher, and a sense of professional effectiveness. Among the negative consequences are negative relationships with colleagues, depletion of personal energy, and limited time with the teacher's family. Theoretical and practical insights are provided.

The attitudes of financial investment service executives towards hiring college students with marketing backgrounds are examined, as well as the attitudes of the students toward working in financial institutions. A large proportion of students indicated having many of the attributes considered by the executives to be prerequisites for success.

This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies.

This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context.

This research paper uncovers the workplace learning experiences of Sri Lankan knowledge process outsourcing employees. Types of workplace learning embraced in by people with different characteristics, like tenure and age, were examined too. People with longer tenure engaged significantly in all forms of workplace learning: organization-wide learning, individual learning and learning from colleagues and leaders. Yet older employees reported learning less from colleagues and leaders, and did less self-initiated learning. Overall, improving the neglected arena of self-directed learning is where HR teams can add innovation value. The most common learning stream the respondents used was formal learning activity.

The briefing saves busy executives, strategists and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.

The ingredients of motivation lie within us all. Circumstances and situations will determine the stimulus which will generate response – to drive forward, to withdraw or to wait for a further signal. Once the response is decided, the degree of general purpose enthusiasm evoked will control the momentum. For people in the workplace, their employers set the targets and the strategies for achieving them, provide the resources, including all maintenance and operating costs, and expect the desired results. Compliance will follow, but not necessarily commitment. Commitment is a voluntary response which cannot be mandated, but it will be the outcome of relationships which create a shared purpose.

Entrepreneurship is a social role, suggesting that different communities and societies will hold different typical expectations for who the entrepreneur should be (i.e., personal characteristics) and how an entrepreneur acts (behaviors). In this chapter, we describe the results of two studies that elucidate the content of the entrepreneur’s role and assess its generalizability and cultural uniqueness in three cultures: the United States, China, and Taiwan. We do so by examining the prototypes, or culturally shared implicit theories or schema that individuals hold about the attributes and behaviors characterizing the entrepreneur’s role. We suggest that the entrepreneur prototype has overlapping content across these three cultures, and that they also reflect cultural uniqueness due to different political, economic, and social histories and conditions. First, we conducted an initial inductive study designed to elicit a comprehensive list of representative characteristics and behaviors that are commonly recognized in each society as typical of an “entrepreneur,” resulting in an inclusive list of 87 prototypical/anti-prototypical items. These items were subsequently used in a survey-based study to assess the specific content that each culture endorses as prototypical of an entrepreneur, the extent to which those prototypes varied across the three cultures, and relationships of prototype evaluation with individuals’ personal values and exposure to entrepreneurship. Results showed that prototypes were distinct in each culture, but with some overlap of attributes, especially between China and Taiwan. Results showed some support for the relationship between top-ranked prototypical attributes and individuals’ exposure to entrepreneurship as well as openness-to-change values and conservation values, but also interesting differences in these relationships in the three cultures. The findings highlight that role prototype formation processes across these cultures were etic, but that the content of the role may well be emic or culturally specific.

Reports the results of empirical research into the graduate recruitment and selection practices adopted by SMEs, and the skills being sought by employers in that sector. Describes in detail the research methods, which included interviews with large organisations to determine, alongside existing research, the extent of characteristics of SME graduate recruitment which might be particular to that sector. Findings and interpretations suggest that, in common with large organisations, SMEs value what are now termed transferable skills, although there are some differences of emphasis between the two sectors. There appears to be greater difference in the selection methods employed, though this is not as great or significant as might be expected or predicted. An important difference between the two sectors suggested by the research is the expectations placed on graduate recruits by employers in the two sectors. Unlike large employers which are more likely to provide graduate development programmes, SMEs expect an immediate contribution from graduate recruits. The implications of these similarities and differences will be explored in the final article of this series.

Marketing, Innovation, Strategy, Digital Marketing and E-Business.

Master's level and Executive Program.

MocDoc is a young Indian online health-care company that has achieved success in early years of establishment, and is looking forward to expand the customer base. The founder, Senthil Peelikkampatti, along with his friends decided to design a service that can bridge the gap between doctor and patients. However, initially, Senthil lost the trust in his idea due to the unacceptance of the idea by health-care experts. It took a little long for the team to gain visibility after launch of the service. Senthil and the team brainstormed to gain recognition online through different techniques of search engine optimization (SEO) and social media networking through Facebook Web site. MocDoc case is designed to stimulate discussion of a broad array of entrepreneurial issues related to online start-ups. In particular, it deals with strategy and marketing of service in the online arena. At the same time, it gives detailed overview of marketing techniques online as fuel to the business. The company is moving under strong leadership skills of CEO but fails to gain momentum in terms of gaining online customers. This case deals with decision-making capabilities to bring more number of registered customers in the online space.

The expected learning outcomes are as follows: to animate online business environment and challenges faced by virtual enterprises in the cyber space; to illustrate opportunity for students to speculate the start-up business environment; to illustrate opportunity to introduce cloud computing as a viable business option for the health-care industry; to develop understanding among students for designing effective marketing strategy for online business; to identify business opportunities and gaining competitive edge by offering bouquet of services; and to stimulate business environment for understanding innovation and strategy building.

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