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Article
Publication date: 1 June 2020

Hakas Prayuda, Fanny Monika and Martyana Dwi Cahyati

This study aims to discuss the results of fresh properties and compressive strength of self-compacting concrete using ingredients added red brick powder as a fine aggregate…

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to discuss the results of fresh properties and compressive strength of self-compacting concrete using ingredients added red brick powder as a fine aggregate substitute. The results of the study were compared with the properties of fresh properties and compressive strength with ingredients added by rice husk ash, which is also a fine aggregate substitute. In addition, the initial compressive strength of each of these variations was also examined to accelerate the completion time of construction projects using self-compacting concrete.

Design/methodology/approach

This research was conducted in a laboratory by testing the characteristics of fresh and hardened properties of self-compacting concrete.

Findings

Fresh properties testing is carried out in the form of V-funnel, flow table, J-ring and L-box where all specimens produce quite varied flow rates. Compressive strength was estimated at ages 3, 7, 14 and 28 days with cylindrical specimens with a diameter of 150 mm and a height of 300 mm. The variation of fine aggregate substitutes used is 20, 40 and 60 per cent.

Originality/value

From the results of the compressive strength, it can be concluded that the added material is categorized as self-compacting concrete with high initial compressive strength, while at 28 days, the compressive strength test results are categorized as high-strength self-compacting concrete.

Details

World Journal of Engineering, vol. 17 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1708-5284

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 4 December 2023

Bahareh Nikmehr, Bidur Kafle and Riyadh Al-Ameri

Concrete, the second most used material in the world, surpassed only by water, relies on a vast amount of cement. The process of cement production emits substantial amounts of…

Abstract

Purpose

Concrete, the second most used material in the world, surpassed only by water, relies on a vast amount of cement. The process of cement production emits substantial amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2). Consequently, it is crucial to search for cement alternatives. Geopolymer concrete (GC) uses industrial by-product material instead of traditional cement, which not only reduces CO2 emissions but also enhances concrete durability. On the other hand, the disposal of concrete waste in the landfills represents a significant environmental challenge, emphasising the urgent need for sustainable solutions. This study aimed to investigate waste concrete's best form and rate as the alternative aggregates in self-compacting and ambient-cured GC to preserve natural resources, reduce construction and demolition waste and decrease pertinent CO2 emissions. The binding material employed in this research encompasses fly ash, slag, micro fly ash and anhydrous sodium metasilicate as an alkali activator. It also introduces the best treatment method to improve the recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) quality.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of25%, 50% and 100% of coarse aggregates are replaced with RCAs to cast self-compacting geopolymer concrete (SCGC) and assess the impact of RCA on the fresh, hardened and water absorption properties of the ambient-cured GC. Geopolymer slurry was used for coating RCAs and the authors examined the effect of one-day and seven-day cured coated RCA. The mechanical properties (compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and modulus of elasticity), rheological properties (slump flow, T500 and J-ring) and total water absorption of RCA-based SCGC were studied. The microstructural and chemical compositions of the concrete mixes were studied by the methods of energy dispersive X-Ray and scanning electron microscopy.

Findings

It is evident from the test observations that 100% replacement of natural aggregate with coated RCA using geopolymer slurry containing fly ash, slag, micro fly ash and anhydrous sodium metasilicate cured for one day before mixing enhances the concrete's quality and complies with the flowability requirements. Assessment is based on the fresh and hardened properties of the SCGC with various RCA contents and coating periods. The fresh properties of the mix with a seven-day curing time for coated RCA did not meet the requirements for self-compacting concrete, while this mix demonstrated better compressive strength (31.61 MPa) and modulus of elasticity (15.39 GPa) compared to 29.36 MPa and 9.8 GPa, respectively, for the mix with one-day cured coated RCA. However, incorporating one-day-cured coated RCA in SCGC demonstrated better splitting tensile strength (2.32 MPa) and water absorption (15.16%).

Research limitations/implications

A potential limitation of this study on SCGC with coated RCAs is the focus on the short-term behaviour of this concrete. This limited time frame may not meet the long-term requirements for ensuring the sustained durability of the structures throughout their service life.

Originality/value

This paper highlights the treatment technique of coating RCA with geopolymer slurry for casting SCGC.

Details

Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, vol. 13 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2046-6099

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 18 March 2014

N. Anand, G. Arulraj and C. Aravindhan

Development of Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) is considered as one of the most significant development in the construction industry due to its numerous inherited benefits. With…

Abstract

Development of Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) is considered as one of the most significant development in the construction industry due to its numerous inherited benefits. With the introduction of super-plasticizers and viscosity modifying agents, it is now possible to produce concrete with high fluidity, good cohesiveness which does not require external energy for compaction. The proper understanding of the effects of elevated temperatures on the properties of SCC is necessary to ensure the safety of buildings made with SCC during fire. During the present investigation, an attempt has been made to study the stress-strain behaviour of Normal Compacting Concrete (NCC) and Self Compacting Concrete at a temperature of 900°C. A significant reduction in the Ultimate compressive strength of SCC was observed during this study. The reduction was found to be more for SCC compared to Normal compacting concrete. The reduction in the compressive strength of SCC was found to be 81.5 % for M40 concrete when exposed to 900°C.

Details

Journal of Structural Fire Engineering, vol. 5 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2040-2317

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 August 2014

S. Arivalagan

The present day world is witnessing the construction of very challenging and difficult civil engineering structures. Self-compacting concrete (SCC) offers several economic and…

Abstract

The present day world is witnessing the construction of very challenging and difficult civil engineering structures. Self-compacting concrete (SCC) offers several economic and technical benefits; the use of steel fiber extends its possibilities. Steel fiber acts as a bridge to retard their cracks propagation, and improve several characteristics and properties of the concrete. Therefore, an attempt has been made in this investigation to study the Flexural Behaviour of Steel Fiber Reinforced self compacting concrete incorporating silica fume in the structural elements. The self compacting concrete mixtures have a coarse aggregate replacement of 25% and 35% by weight of silica fume. Totally eight mixers are investigated in which cement content, water content, dosage of superplasticers were all constant. Slump flow time and diameter, J-Ring, V-funnel, and L-Box were performed to assess the fresh properties of the concrete. The variable in this study was percentage of volume fraction (1.0, 1.5) of steel fiber. Finally, five beams were to be casted for study, out of which one was made with conventional concrete, one with SCC (25% silica fume) and other were with SCC (25% silica fume + 1% of steel fiber, 25% silica fume + 1.5% of steel fiber) one with SCC (35% silica fume), and other were SCC (35% Silica fume + 1% of steel fiber, 35% Silica fume + 1.5% of steel fiber). Compressive strength, flexural strength of the concrete was determined for hardened concrete for 7 and 28 days. This investigation is also done to determine the increase the compressive strength by addition of silica fume by varying the percentage.

Details

World Journal of Engineering, vol. 11 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1708-5284

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 15 June 2011

Amrutha, Gopinatha Nayak, Mattur Narasimhan and S. Rajeeva

Quite often, concrete in structures is likely to get exposed to high temperatures, including an incident of fire. The strength-retention properties of concrete after such an…

Abstract

Quite often, concrete in structures is likely to get exposed to high temperatures, including an incident of fire. The strength-retention properties of concrete after such an exposure are of great importance in terms of the serviceability of buildings. This paper presents an experimental study on the strength retention and impermeability aspects of a set of self compacting, high-volume fly ash concrete mixes under elevated temperatures. Five selfcompacting concrete mixes with a higher 60% level of cement replacement with fly-ash, are designed and the effects of elevated temperatures, in the range of 200-800°C, on the physical, mechanical and durability properties of these mixes are assessed. The assessment is in terms of the weight losses and the reduction in the compressive strengths of concrete cubes and split tensile strengths of concrete cylinders. The durability characteristics are assessed in terms of RCPT test results on these mixes. Performances of these self compacting concrete mixes (SCC) at elevated temperatures are also compared with two normally-vibrated concrete mixes (NCs) of an equivalent M30 strength grade. Test results indicate that weight of the specimens significantly get reduced with an increase in the level of elevated temperature, with sharp variations beyond 600°C. The experimental results also show that large improvements against chloride-ion penetration and better strength-retention at higher temperatures can be realized with self-compacting high-volume fly-ash concrete mixes additionally admixed with GGBFS and silica fume.

Details

Journal of Structural Fire Engineering, vol. 2 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2040-2317

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 20 June 2019

Faeze Nejati, Samira Ahmadi and S.A. Edalatpanah

Modern construction methods have been developed with the goal of reducing construction time as much as possible, which results in some situations during construction and within…

Abstract

Purpose

Modern construction methods have been developed with the goal of reducing construction time as much as possible, which results in some situations during construction and within the first few days after it, when concrete is subjected to exceptionally high loads. The precast concrete, which is the concrete in very early ages, may result in severe cracks or damages. In conventional construction projects, sometimes working with concrete, which had not reached its ultimate strength, is an unavoidable matter of fact. This paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

Researchers in the field of construction materials have done their best to make some changes in the different parts of the concrete in order to bring about reforms, based on the existing needs, and achieve new quality and primacy from concrete. One kind of concrete, the emergence of which dates back to many years ago, is self-compacting concrete. Thanks to its high efficiency for the parts with complex forms of high-density steel, this kind of concrete suggests new prospects.

Findings

This study aims at evaluating the effect of early loads on the 28-day compressive strength of concretes with zeolite and limestone powder under different curing conditions (wet or dry). In this regard, two self-compacting concrete mix designs with the same ratio of water to cementations materials and 0.4 percent and 10 percent zeolite have been considered; therefore, concrete cube samples with zeolite and limestone powder in different curing conditions at ages of three, one and seven days under preloading with 80–90 percent of compressive strength are damaged, and after curing in different conditions, their 28-day compressive strength is measured. According to the results, the recovery of the 28-day compressive strength of damaged samples, compared to that of intact samples, is possible in all curing conditions. The experiments that have been performed on concrete samples under dry and wet curing conditions show that the full recovery of compressive strength of damaged samples compared to that of intact ones happened only in preloaded samples at the age of one days, and in other ages (three and seven days) the 28-day strength reduction has occurred in damaged samples compared to the that in intact samples. The results of concrete samples with zeolite and without limestone powder at the age of one day indicate the greatest impact on other samples on the 28-day compressive strength of damaged samples compared to that of intact ones, occurring under dry condition.

Originality/value

This research analyzed and studied the influence under wet and dry curing conditions and the presence of limestone powder and zeolite fillers in recovering of the 28-day compressive strength of preloaded concrete samples at early stages (one, three and seven days) after the construction of the concrete.

Details

International Journal of Structural Integrity, vol. 10 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1757-9864

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 7 July 2023

Ala'aldin Al-Hassoun and Rabab Allouzi

Concrete-filled double skin steel tubes (CFDST) columns are taken more attention due to their ability to withstand high structural loads in structures such as high-rise buildings…

Abstract

Purpose

Concrete-filled double skin steel tubes (CFDST) columns are taken more attention due to their ability to withstand high structural loads in structures such as high-rise buildings, bridges' piers, offshore and marine structures. This paper is intended to improve the CFDST column's capacity without the need to increase the column's size to maintain its lightweight by filling it with self-compacted concrete (SCC) containing nanoclay (NC).

Design/methodology/approach

First, experimental investigation is conducted to select the optimal NC percentage that improves the mechanical properties. Different mixing method, mixture ingredients, cement content, and NC percentage are considered. Then, slender and short CFDST columns are tested for axial capacity to investigate the effect of adding the optimum NC percentage on column's capacity and failure mode.

Findings

The test results show that adding 3% NC by cement weight using dry mixing method to SCC is the optimum ratio. It is concluded that adding 3% NC by cement weight increased the CFDST column's capacity, especially the specimens with higher slenderness ratio. Moreover, it is concluded that more specimens should be tested under various geometric and reinforcement details.

Originality/value

Recently, CFDST tube columns solve many structural and architectural problems that engineers have encountered in traditional systems. Therefore, more studies are required to design high-performance columns capable of carrying complex loads with high efficiency since the traditional design could not achieve the required performance. Since concrete contributes to a large portion in the axial capacity of the CFDST columns, it is proposed to improve the CFDST column's capacity without the need to increase the column's size to maintain its lightweight by filling it with (SCC containing NC. Previous research has affirmed the effectiveness of employing nanoclay in the concrete's workability, durability, microstructures, and mechanical properties.

Details

International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2398-4708

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 25 June 2019

Sachin B.P. and N. Suresh

The present experimental investigation attempts to study the behaviour of hybrid fibre-reinforced self-compacting concrete (HFSCC) subjected to elevated temperature. The purpose…

Abstract

Purpose

The present experimental investigation attempts to study the behaviour of hybrid fibre-reinforced self-compacting concrete (HFSCC) subjected to elevated temperature. The purpose of this study is to find out the performance of hybrid fibres of 0.5 per cent by volume of concrete (out of which 75 per cent are steel fibres and 25 per cent, polypropylene fibres). Reinforced beams were casted and tested for the flexural load-carrying capacity, and comparisons were made with the load-carrying capacity of reinforced beams without the inclusion of fibres.

Design/methodology/approach

The study includes 60 concrete cubes of 150 mm and 60 beams of 150 × 150 × 1,100 mm reinforced with minimum tension reinforcement according to IS 456-2000. The specimens were subjected to elevated temperature from 100°C to 500°C with an interval of 100°C for 2 h. The residual compressive strength and the load-carrying capacity of beams for 5-mm deflection were measured. Parameters such as load at first crack, width and length of cracks developed on the beam during the application of load were also studied.

Findings

The result shows that for self-compacting concrete without fibres (SCCWOF), there is a gain in compressive strength between 200°C and 300°C, beyond which the strength decreases. For HFSCC, the gain in strength is between 300°C and 400°C, and thereafter the strength gets reduced. The load-carrying capacity of beams reduces with an increase in temperature. An increase in load-carrying capacity (up to 40.7 per cent) for HFSCC beams is observed when compared to SCCWOF beams at 500°C.

Originality/value

Better performance was observed with the usage of fibres when the specimens were subjected to elevated temperatures.

Details

Journal of Structural Fire Engineering, vol. 10 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2040-2317

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 18 June 2021

Adithya Tantri, Gopinatha Nayak, Adithya Shenoy and Kiran K. Shetty

This study aims to present the results of an experimental evaluation of low (M30), mid (M40) and high (M50) grade self-compacting concrete (SCC) with three nominal maximum…

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to present the results of an experimental evaluation of low (M30), mid (M40) and high (M50) grade self-compacting concrete (SCC) with three nominal maximum aggregate sizes (NMAS), namely, 20 mm, 16 mm and 12.5 mm, with Bailey gradation (BG) in comparison with Indian standard gradation (ISG).

Design/methodology/approach

This study was conducted in a laboratory by testing the characteristics of fresh and hardened properties of self-compacting concrete.

Findings

Rheological and mechanical properties of SCC were evaluated in detail and according to the results, a concrete sample containing lower NMAS with BG demonstrated improvement in modulus of elasticity and compressive strength, while improving the rheological properties as well. Meanwhile, SCC demonstrated poor performance in split tensile and flexural strengths with lower NMAS gradations and a direct correlation was evident as the increase in NMAS caused an increase in the strength and vice-versa.

Originality/value

Upon comparison of BG with ISG, it was revealed that BG mixes succeeded to demonstrate superior performance. From the material optimization, rheological and mechanical performance study, it is recommended that BG with NMAS 16 mm can be used for conventional SCC.

Details

Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , vol. 20 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1726-0531

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 26 December 2023

Manjunatha M. and Kavitha T.S.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the behaviour of M40 grade of self-compacting concrete (SCC) with high volume of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) (50%) and…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the behaviour of M40 grade of self-compacting concrete (SCC) with high volume of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) (50%) and recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) content up to 100% to assess the mechanical properties of SCC. As per guidelines of IS: 383 – 2016, the RCA can be replaced up to 20% of natural coarse aggregate up to M25 grade of concrete. This study assesses the mechanical properties of SCC beyond 20% of RCA content. Based on the experimental investigations, the compressive strength of mixes decreases as the content of RCA increases. It is found that concrete mixes with 20% RCA and shows the maximum compressive strength at 56 days.

Design/methodology/approach

The fresh properties as per EFNARC and IS: 10262–2019 guidelines, ultrasonic pulse velocity testing, mechanical properties and microstructure analysis have been conducted to evaluate the performance of SCC with RCA for practical applications.

Findings

From the experimental investigations, it is found that up to 50% of recycled coarse aggregate can be used for structural applications.

Originality/value

The environmental pollution and dumping of waste on green land can be reduced by effective utilization of recycled coarse aggregate and GGBS in the production of SCC.

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