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This paper aims to investigate the delamination wear properties of a carbon strip in a carbon strip rubbing against a copper wire at the high-sliding speed (380 km/h) with or without electrical current.

The friction and wear properties of a carbon strip in a carbon strip rubbing against a copper wire are tested on the high-speed wear tester whose speed can reach up to 400 km/h. The test data have been collected by the high-speed data collector. The worn surfaces of the carbon strip are observed by the scanning electron microscope.

It was found that there was a significant increase of the delamination wear with the decrease of the normal load when the electric current is applied. The size of the flake-like peeling also increases with the decrease of normal load. The delamination wear extends gradually from the edge of the erosion pits to the surrounding area with the decrease of the normal load. However, the delamination wear never appears in the absence of electric current. It is proposed that the decreased normal load and the big electrical current are the major causes of the delamination wear of the carbon strip.

The experimental test at high-sliding speed of 380 km/h was performed for the first time, and the major cause of the delamination was discovered in this paper.

To provide an algorithm for the two‐dimensional guillotine‐cutting problem of punched strips.

It is assumed that the stock sheet is cut into blanks in two stages. First a guillotine shear cuts the sheet into strips, and then a stamping press punches out the blanks from the strips. To generate good strip layout, the sheet is divided into two segments with an orthogonal cut. Each segment consists of strips in the same direction. The strip directions of the two segments are perpendicular to each other. A recursion function is established to determine the optimal strip layouts on segments of different lengths. All possible segment lengths are considered either explicitly or implicitly. Two segments of different strip directions are selected optimally to compose the final cutting pattern.

A strip can be taken as consisting of rectangular pieces, where the length of the first piece may be longer than that of the others. Normal lengths and widths can be defined according to the properties of punched strips. Considering only normal segment lengths and using lower bound in the recursion function can reduce the computation time drastically.

Based on the algorithm, practitioners may develop applications to solve real world two‐dimensional cutting problem of punched strips.

The two‐segment cutting patterns for punched strips are proposed. They are simple to cut and may be welcomed in practice.

A unified approach for the vibration analysis of curved or straight prismatic plates and bridges and axisymmetric shells using a finite strip method based in Reissner—Mindlin shell theory is presented. Details of obtaining all relevant strip matrices and vectors are given. It is also shown how the use of the simple linear two node strip with reduced integration leads to direct explicit forms of all relevant matrices. Examples of application which show the accuracy of the linear strip for free vibration analysis of structures are presented.

This chapter reconstructs and critically examines the recent history of strip searches in Belgium. About 10 years ago the Belgian parliament adopted its first law on prisoners’ rights. A major part of the Prison Act of 12 January 2005 deals with disciplinary and control measures. Article 108, in particular, has provoked quite some controversy. It introduced a clear distinction between the (more superficial) search of an inmates’ clothes on the one hand, and the (substantially more intrusive) measure of strip searching on the other hand. The main difference between these two measures is that the latter involves forcing prisoners to strip naked. Because of their intrinsic intrusiveness, such strip searches were meant to be exceptional measures: they should only take place following an individual assessment and decision by the prison governor. In practice, however, the prison administration tended to interpret Article 108 somewhat differently and the line between searching an inmate’s clothes on the one hand and strip searching on the other became blurred.

I first discuss the problem of order in prisons and explore how strip searches have been regulated in Europe. I then reconstruct the recent history of the regulation of strip searches in Belgium. In order to make sense of this history, I mobilize some of the ideas of Stanley Cohen’s sociology of denial, in particular, his distinction between literal, implicatory and interpretive denial, and apply these to the history of strip searches in Belgium.

A consistent finding from this chapter is that the Belgian prison administration has – through creative manoeuvres of interpretive denial – been able to circumvent the new barriers that were erected by the Prison Act of 12 January 2005 and, in doing so, it has been able to continue stripping detainees naked without an individualized decision from the prison governor. The approach that I develop throughout this chapter helps us better appreciate the limits of legal reform and top-down (European) regulation of strip searches.

The chapter demonstrates that Stanley Cohen’s work on denial is not only useful for scholars who do research on gross human rights violations but also for interpreting more down-to-earth aspects of criminal justice systems across the globe.

To make full use of the tensile strength of near surface mounting (NSM) pasted carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) strips and further increase the flexural bearing capacity and flexibility of reinforced concrete (RC) beams, a new composite reinforcement method using ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) layer in the compression zone of RC beams is submitted based on embedding CFRP strips in the tension zone of RC beams. This paper aims to discuss the aforementioned points.

The experimental beam was simulated by ABAQUS, and compared with the experimental results, the validity of the finite element model was verified. On this basis, the reinforced RC beam is used as the control beam, and parameters such as the CFRP strip number, UHPC layer thickness, steel bar ratio and concrete strength are studied through the verified model. In addition, the numerical calculation results of yield strength, ultimate strength, failure deflection and flexibility are also given.

The flexural bearing capacity of RC beams supported by the new method is 132.3% higher than that of unreinforced beams, and 7.8% higher than that of RC beams supported only with CFRP strips. The deflection flexibility coefficient of the new reinforced RC beam is 8.06, which is higher than that of the unreinforced beam and the reinforced concrete beam with only CFRP strips embedded in the tension zone.

In this paper, a new reinforcement method is submitted, and the effects of various parameters on the ultimate bearing capacity and flexibility of reinforced RC beams are analyzed by the finite element numerical simulation. Finally, the effectiveness of the new method is verified by the analytical formula.

The main aim of this study is to examine the behavior of reinforced concrete short columns strengthened using longitudinal near surface mounted (NSM)-carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) strips.

A full 3D-finite element (FE) model was developed using ABAQUS in order to conduct the analysis. The model is first validated based on experimental data available in the literature, and then the effect of concrete compressive strength, number of CFRP strips that are used and the spacing between them were taken in consideration for both concentric and eccentric loading cases. The parametric study specimens were divided into three groups. The first group consisted of unstrengthened columns and served as control specimens. The second group consisted of columns strengthened by longitudinal CFRP strips at two opposite column faces.

The results of this study are used to develop interaction diagrams for CFRP-strengthened short columns and to develop best-fit equations to estimate the nominal axial load and moment capacities for these strengthened columns. The results showed that the specimens that were strengthened using more longitudinal CFRP strips showed a significant increase in axial load capacity and a significant improvement in the interaction diagram, especially at large load eccentricity values. This result can be justified by the fact that longitudinal strips effectively resist the bending moment that is generated due to eccentric loading. Generally, the process of strengthening using longitudinal strips only has a reasonable effect and it can be typically considered an excellent choice considering the economic aspect when the budget of strengthening is limited.

This research aims at studying the performance of strengthened rectangular reinforced concrete short columns with CFRP strips using FE method, developing interaction diagrams of strengthened columns in order to investigate the effect of different parameters such as compressive strength (20, 30 and 40 MPa), number of CFRP strips (1, 2, 3 and 4) and the spacing between CFRP strips in terms of the ratio of CFRP center point distance to column outside dimension ratio (0.60, 0.70 and 0.80) on the behavior of strengthened RC columns and improving empirical formulas to predict the nominal axial load and moment capacities of strengthened RC columns. These parameters that directly affect short column load carrying capacity are presented in ACI-318 (2014).

Coil shape quality is the external representation of strip product quality, and it is also a direct reflection of strip production process level. This paper aims to predict the coil shape results in advance based on the real-time data through the designed algorithm.

Aiming at the strip production scale and coil shape application requirements, this paper proposes a strip coil shape defects prediction algorithm based on Siamese semi-supervised denoising auto-encoder (DAE)-convolutional neural networks. The prediction algorithm first reconstructs the information eigenvectors using DAE, then combines the convolutional neural networks and skip connection to further process the eigenvectors and finally compares the eigenvectors with the full connect neural network and predicts the strip coil shape condition.

The performance of the model is further verified by using the coil shape data of a steel mill, and the results show that the overall prediction accuracy, recall rate and F-measure of the model are significantly better than other commonly used classification models, with each index exceeding 88%. In addition, the prediction results of the model for different steel grades strip coil shape are also very stable, and the model has strong generalization ability.

This research provides technical support for the adjustment and optimization of strip coil shape process based on the data-driven level, which helps to improve the production quality and intelligence level of hot strip continuous rolling.

The purpose of this study is to determine the role of convenience in a recreational shopping trip. In an effort to address the shopping strip’s forfeiture of market share to the mall and the Internet, retail planners have utilised a variety of intervention strategies. One such strategy is to differentiate the strip by emphasising its hedonic attributes. An often overlooked alternative is to compete with both of these formats in a key area of competitive disadvantage – convenience. Whereas these two alternatives have traditionally been regarded as separate strategies, this study examines whether convenience actually serves as a source of satisfaction in a hedonic shopping context.

A recreational shopping trip to a shopping strip (also referred to as Main Street or the High Street) in Melbourne, Australia, served as the context for this study. The study used a quantitative survey approach to collect its data and structural equation modelling to analyse it.

Surprisingly, the hedonic attributes of a shopping strip do not influence trip satisfaction in the context of a recreational shopping strip. Contrary to a significant body of academic research, it is instead the time-saving and distance-minimising properties of a shopping strip, as well as its overall convenience, which determine satisfaction.

The results have important implications for Town Centre Management schemes because they suggest that responsibility for providing a hedonic shopping experience rests with its individual retailers. Instead, the role of strip planners is to facilitate the other side of the value-equation by minimising the hassles involved in strip shopping. The results of this study also question the traditional belief that hedonic- and convenience-based rejuvenation strategies should be treated as two distinct strategies. Instead, convenience should be regarded as a prerequisite to a satisfying recreational shopping trip.

The purpose of this study is to solve the key problem of the residual stress of strip in buckling and deviation during the continuous annealing process (CAP).

Considering the one-to-one correspondence between deformation and residual stress, the strip was divided into multiple elements. To obtain the total deformation of each element, the influence model of some factors on the deformation of steel strip element was established. Then, according to the constitutive equation of residual stress and deformation, and the deformation coordination relation between strip elements, a set of calculation model, which is suitable for residual stress of strip during CAP was established, the model precision was verified by finite element method simulation, and the influences on residual stress of strip were also analyzed.

The weighted calculation of comparison between analytical results and simulation shows that the accuracy of the analytical method is within 10 per cent, which fully meets the requirements.

The different residual stress of steel strip can be displayed quickly and intuitively in the synchronous process segment according to this model, which is of great importance to the prevention of strip buckling and deviation.

Introduces the fourth and final chapter of the ISEF 1999 Proceedings by stating electric and magnetic fields are influenced, in a reciprocal way, by thermal and mechanical fields. Looks at the coupling of fields in a device or a system as a prescribed effect. Points out that there are 12 contributions included ‐ covering magnetic levitation or induction heating, superconducting devices and possible effects to the human body due to electric impressed fields.