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No psychometrically sound measurement scale exists to effectively measure sports team reputation. The current study proposed and developed the Spectator-based Sports Team Reputation (SSTR) by considering the most important stakeholder groups - spectators. The results indicated that SSTR had a positive and direct impact on team identification and trust towards a team. The most significant theoretical contribution of this study is the conceptualisation and development of the SSTR scale, with a multi-dimensional approach from the spectator perspective.

The commonly adopted view of the relationship between government spending and economic growth follows the Keynesian approach, in which government spending is considered to determine economic growth. However, there is another theory, which suggests that economic growth in fact determines government spending. This is Wagner’s hypothesis. The purpose of this paper is to investigate which of the two approaches applies to South Africa, and further observes the level of non-linearity between the two variables.

This study was carried out using quarterly time series data from 1980Q1 to 2015Q1. Granger causality technique was used to observe the direction of causality between the two variables, while regression error specification test (RESET) was employed to determine whether the variables exhibit linear or non-linear behaviour. This was followed by observing the threshold band, using two techniques, namely, sample splitting threshold regression and quadratic generalised method of moments.

The causality result shows that South Africa follows Wagner’s law, whereby government spending is determined by economic growth, supporting Odhiambo (2015). The RESET result shows that the variables depict a non-linear relationship, thus the government spending economic growth model is non-linear. It was found that if positive economic development is to be achieved, economic growth should preferably be kept within the −1.69 and 3.0 per cent band, and specifically above 1 per cent band.

The unique contribution of this study is that no previous study has attempted the non-linear government spending-economic growth nexus whether within the Keynesian or Wagner law for South Africa.

Gives introductory remarks about chapter 1 of this group of 31 papers, from ISEF 1999 Proceedings, in the methodologies for field analysis, in the electromagnetic community. Observes that computer package implementation theory contributes to clarification. Discusses the areas covered by some of the papers ‐ such as artificial intelligence using fuzzy logic. Includes applications such as permanent magnets and looks at eddy current problems. States the finite element method is currently the most popular method used for field computation. Closes by pointing out the amalgam of topics.

In the present worldwide situation, the survival of a business is a major crucial aspect. The business cannot be succeeded unless it produces the anticipated production levels. Achievement of this can be possible only by maintaining the equipment into an adequate level. Load-Haul-Dumpers (LHDs), as the main workhorse and massive transporting machines, are highly utilized in underground mining operations. Despite the usage of LHDs, these are prone to the uneven and unexpected occurrence of potential failures. These are causes to minimize the production and productivity of capital intensive equipment. To get a good profitability index, it is very necessary to have the required levels of equipment reliability and availability. Estimation of reliabilities and availabilities play a critical role in the performance evaluation of equipment.

By keeping the significance of the present research work in view in this research paper one of the well appropriate techniques such as fault tree analysis (FTA) was utilized to assess the reliability of the LHD system based on the function flow diagram. Best fit distribution of data sets were made by the utilization of Kolmogorov–Smirnov (K-S) test. Parametric estimation of theoretical probability distributions was done by utilizing the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE). Failure rate of each LHD system has computed based on the best fit results from “Isograph Reliability Workbench 13.0”. Reliability configuration of each LHD system has modeled using reliability block diagram (RBD), as well as the FTA.

Independent and identical distribution (IID) assumption of data sets was validated through statistic U-test (Chi Squared test). On the basis of test results, the data sets are in accordance with IID assumption. Therefore renewal process approach has been utilized for further investigation. Allocations of best fit distribution of data sets were made by the utilization ofK-S test. Parametric estimation of theoretical probability distributions was made by utilizing maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) method. Reliability of each individual subsystem has been computed according to the best fit distribution. The deductive method called RBD was utilized to investigate the given system reliability by analyzing with graphical representations of logic system and observed highest percentage of reliability as 69.44% (LH29). FTA has been utilized to investigate the availability percentage of a system and observed highest percentage value as 79.51% (LH29). This technique also helps to identify the most critical parts/cut sets by using Fussell-Vesely (F-V) importance measure.

As the reliability analysis is one of the complex techniques, it requires strategic decision-making knowledge for the selection of methodology to be used. As the present case study was from a public sector company, operating under financial constraints the conclusions/findings may not be universally applicable.

The present study throws light on this equipment that need a tailored maintenance schedules, partly due to the peculiar mining conditions, under which they operate. This analysis provides the information on several aspects such as present working condition of the machines, occurrence of various potential failure modes, influence of failure modes on its performance and reliable life aspects etc. Also, these investigations asses the forecasting of necessary managerial practices or control measures like possible design modifications and replacement actions of components to ensure the required levels of availability and utilization of the equipment. Both qualitative and quantitative analysis of FTA has been performed to determine the minimal/most influencing cut sets of the system and to estimate overall system availability within the work environment. Based on the computed results reasons for performance drop of each machine was identified and suitable recommendations were suggested to improve the performance of capital intensive systems.

This study aims to analyze how ready a firm is to transform into Industry 4.0 using the Readiness Index (INDI 4.0) assessment. It also investigates the differences (before and after) of the program “Making Indonesia 4.0” in 2018 in socioeconomic and demographic aspects.

The INDI 4.0 assessment involved a self-evaluation by 622 companies across 13 industry sectors, subsequently verified by the Ministry of Industry. This study incorporates discussions with industry experts to enhance the interpretation of the analytical findings.

This study explores the interrelation among the components of INDI 4.0 across different levels, assessing the readiness of each sector for Industry 4.0. The findings reveal the diverse impact of implementing Industry 4.0 in Indonesia on socioeconomic and demographic aspects. Furthermore, the study proposes several policy recommendations for the Indonesian government’s consideration.

This study’s scope is confined to the industrial context of Indonesia, as the assessment components are tailored to the specific characteristics and culture of the country’s industry. Subsequent research endeavors can leverage this study as a foundational reference, adapting the components to align with the particular interests of other nations.

Businesses, especially those in Indonesia, can employ these findings to evaluate their position in the context of Industry 4.0 transformation compared to their industry. Simultaneously, the Indonesian government can use these results as a starting point to evaluate and potentially enhance their policies related to Industry 4.0. We recommend five policy proposals for the Indonesian government: diversifying measurement models, shifting terminology, emphasizing soft skills, promoting continuous learning and implementing Center of Digital Industry Indonesia 4.0 (PIDI 4.0) initiatives.

This study offers a broad impact of Industry 4.0 implementation in socioeconomic and demographic aspects in Indonesia, such as income, job-shifting, age, educational background and gender.

To the best of our knowledge, no prior research has explored the repercussions of industrial implementation on socioeconomic and demographic facets.

The religious tradition of male circumcision has come increasingly under attack across a number of European states. While critics of the practice argue that the problem is about children’s rights and the proper relationship between secular and religious traditions, Jews tend to see these attacks within the longer history of attempts to assimilate and remake them according to the norms of the majority. Using the 2012 German legal controversy concerning the issue as my vantage point, I explore how contemporary criticism of male circumcision remains entangled with ambivalence toward Judaism and the Jews as the “other.” Through a close reading of the arguments, I show how opponents use the seemingly neutral language of universal human rights to (re)make Jewish difference according to the norms of the majority. I conclude by arguing that such an approach to this issue runs the risk of turning Jews once again into strangers at a time when cultural anxieties are troubling European societies.

Lockheed announces Newsearch, first database to be updated daily. Departing from the traditional monthly or bi‐monthly updating procedure, Lockheed announced that a new database called New‐search would be updated daily. The database, which is produced by Information Access Corporation (Los Altos, California), provides the same coverage as that company's two other databases, National Newspaper Index and Magazine Index, but in this case new material is added every day. It is specifically geared toward current awareness applications.

Load haul dumper (LHD) is one of the main ore transporting machineries used in underground mining industry. Reliability of LHD is very significant to achieve the expected targets of production. The performance of the equipment should be maintained at its highest level to fulfill the targets. This can be accomplished only by reducing the sudden breakdowns of component/subsystems in a complex system. The identification of defective component/subsystems can be possible by performing the downtime analysis. Hence, it is very important to develop the proper maintenance strategies for replacement or repair actions of the defective ones. Suitable maintenance management actions improve the performance of the equipment. This paper aims to discuss this issue.

Reliability analysis (renewal approach) has been used to analyze the performance of LHD machine. Allocations of best-fit distribution of data sets were made by the utilization of Kolmogorov–Smirnov (K–S) test. Parametric estimation of theoretical probability distributions was made by utilizing the maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) method.

Independent and identical distribution (IID) assumption of data sets was validated through trend and serial correlation tests. On the basis of test results, the data sets are in accordance with IID assumption. Therefore, renewal process approach has been utilized for further investigation. Allocations of best-fit distribution of data sets were made by the utilization of Kolmogorov–Smirnov (K–S) test. Parametric estimation of theoretical probability distributions was made by utilizing the MLE method. Reliability of each individual subsystem has been computed according to the best-fit distribution. In respect of obtained reliability results, the reliability-based preventive maintenance (PM) time schedules were calculated for the expected 90 percent reliability level.

As the reliability analysis is one of the complex techniques, it requires strategic decision making knowledge for the selection of methodology to be used. As the present case study was from a public sector company, operating under financial constraints the conclusions/findings may not be universally applicable.

The present study throws light on this equipment that need a tailored maintenance schedule, partly due to the peculiar mining conditions, under which they operate. This study mainly focuses on estimating the performance of four numbers of well-mechanized LHD systems with reliability, availability and maintainability (RAM) modeling. Based on the drawn results, reasons for performance drop of each machine were identified. Suitable recommendations were suggested for the enhancement of performance of capital intensive production equipment. As the maintenance management is only the means for performance improvement of the machinery, PM time intervals were estimated with respect to the expected rate of reliability level.