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Grey cotton fibers with a mean fiber length and fineness of 29 mm and 4.2 micronair was pretreated, scoured and dyed. Three ring yarns were spun separately from 100% grey cotton (R.R.Y.), 50% dyed and 50% grey cotton blend (M.R.Y.) and 100% dyed cotton (D.R.Y.). The extent of fiber damage was assessed by measuring the length and the mechanical characteristics of cotton fibers after passing the fibers through the lap machine and the draw frame II. Properties of R.R.Y., M.R.Y. and D.R.Y. samples were examined. In terms of tenacity and elongation at break, grey and dyed cotton fibers, which were selected after being processed by the lap machine and the draw frame II, were very similar. The fiber length by number and weight of grey cotton was longer than that of dyed cotton, while the amount of fiber nep and short fiber content of dyed cotton were more than those of grey cotton.

The three yarn samples were the same in terms of elongation at break. The tenacity of R.R.Y. was the highest but the yarn sample was the lowest in terms of coefficients of mass variation (Cv%), imperfection and hairiness in comparison with the M.R.Y. and D.R.Y. samples.

Warp yarns undergo various types of complex stress during the weaving process; namely tensile, cyclic-extension, compression, bending and abrasion. The capacity of the yarns to withstand these stresses is termed as their weavability. The prediction of weavability is exploited to extract first-hand information about the expected performance of yarns in weaving. This critical review article discusses several approaches that are adopted by the researchers for the prediction of warp breakages in weaving; namely, empirical, statistical and instrumental. The recent developments in the field of prediction of warp breakage rate in weaving are summarized. The research work that is currently being pursued in the attachment of a microprocessor based shedding device in a constant tension transport (CTT) instrument for the prediction of the weavability of spun yarns is highlighted.

The incidences of skin cancer have been rising worldwide due to excessive exposure to sunlight. Increase in exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight results in skin damage such as sunburn, premature skin ageing, allergies and skin cancer. Medical experts suggest several means of protection against ultraviolet radiation, including use of sunscreens, avoidance of the sun at its highest intensities, and wearing clothing that covers as much of the skin surface as possible. This paper provides insight on how UV absorbers can be efficiently used with textile material to protect human skin from harmful UV radiation. The manufacturers of various UV absorbers and their commercial products are reviewed and discussed. The interacting mechanism of UV absorbers with textile clothing for providing UV protection and an evaluation of the performance of UV absorbers are summarized.

No study was published about the tensile properties of different sections of multicount yarn. Hence there was a need to conduct a detailed section-wise tensile study of fancy multicounty yarn. The purpose of this study is to identify the different sections of the same multicount yarn and test them separately.

Multicount yarn with slubs were prepared on a ring frame with the Amsler Textile Effect System. Different yarn sections from each multicount yarn are identified as fine normal, fine slub, medium normal, medium slub, coarse normal, coarse slub and the changeover sections. These sections are tested for the breaking load and breaking elongation. Broken ends of the yarn sections are also studied, and these broken ends are classified as sharp broken end, tapered broken end and slipped broken end. A study is also conducted on the location of break or the place of break at the changeover sections.

It was found that the twist of yarn at slub sections was lower than the twist at normal sections. In spite of the low yarn twist at slub sections, the breaking load of the yarn was higher at slub sections than at normal sections by 12 to 30 per cent owing to the presence of more number of fibres that share the breaking load. The breaking load at the changeover section (normal to slub and slub to normal) was found to be higher than that at normal section and lower than at slub sections. No significant difference was found between the breaking load of the two changeover sections (normal to slub and slub to normal). The majority of breaks in normal yarn sections were of the tapered broken end type and the majority of breaks in slub yarn sections were slipped broken ends.

Efforts are taken to identify different sections of the same multicount yarn with the help of specially designed square black board and tensile study of these sections are carried out.

The tensile properties of spun yarns are accepted as one of the most important parameters for the assessment of yarn quality. Tensile properties contribute to the performance of post spinning operations; warping, weaving and knitting, hence their accurate technical evaluation carries much importance in industrial applications. This article presents a novel approach of classification of tensile properties into static and dynamic, based on the disposition of yarns during tensile testing. The definition of dynamic tensile properties and instruments utilized for their assessment are briefly discussed. Several theoretical and experimental work pursued on the static and dynamic tensile properties of ring, rotor, air-jet and friction spun staple yarns are critically reviewed. The article also throws light on the significance of exploitation of spun yarn dynamic tensile properties in industrial applications. The various material, spinning and testing parameters that influence static and dynamic tensile properties are summarized. The reported empirical equivalence of static and dynamic yarn strength of spun yarns is revealed. Current research work in the thrust area of spun yarns that are subjected to dynamic conditions is introduced.

This study aims to investigate the effect of process parameters of blow room machines on openness degree and quality of cotton tufts in a blow room.

For this purpose, an experimental Box–Behnken design (BBD) was used, and the process parameters were the angles of the grid bars underneath the opening rollers of CVT3 beaters and the distance between feed roller of the first opening roller of CVT3.

It was found that the cotton tuft openness increased by increasing the angles of grid bars and by decreasing the distance between the feed roller and first opening roller on CVT3 beater. Further, the optimization procedure showed that an optimum value of cotton tuft openness (in laser method) was determined for specific levels of the process parameters.

The originality of this investigation is that it showed the individual effects and interactions of the most important factors in two tufting machines instead of only one machine. This study is important because it helps cotton yarn spinners to improve the quality of the final yarns by optimizing the levels of tuft openness which in turn improves fiber cleaning.

The purpose of this study was to optimise the dyeing conditions to achieve right-first-time dyeing in hard water. Owing to the persistent water scarcity for more than two decades now, the textile industry in Pakistan is forced to rely on high-mineral-content ground water for use in textile wet processing. Furthermore, the limited amount of municipal water that is at the disposal of the textile industry is also high in mineral content. Thus, on the large scale, water hardness has become an acute problem for the textile processor. In particular, in the dyeing process, water hardness is known to have crucial effects. However, to-date, no systematic study has been conducted on this aspect of textile dyeing.

In this study, 3² full factorial design was used to optimise the dyeing conditions to achieve right-first-time dyeing in hard water. Thus, cotton fabric was dyed with Red Reactive dye (of dyebath concentration at 5, 10 and 15 g/L) in prepared hard water (of hardness at 10, 40 and 70°dH), respectively. Analysis of variance, coefficient of determination (R²) and p-values for the models were used to evaluate the adequacy of the predictive models. The surface plots of the effects were studied to further examine the interactions of two independent variables. Derringer’s desirability function was used to determine the optimum levels of each variable.

Three levels for both independent variables generate second-order polynomial models to predict the colour strength, lightness, red/green, yellow/blue and total colour difference values of dyed cotton. The obtained predictive models point out the considerable influence of both water hardness and dye concentration on right-first-time dyeing.

Such a finding enabled the dye-mill to produce the correct shade at water hardness of 10°dH and 15 g/L dye concentration, without the need for corrective reprocessing.

The use and importance of mélange yarn in apparel sector is increasing day by day. With the gradual increase in market share, achieving the desired quality level of mélange yarn remains a challenge for yarn manufacturing industry. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of raw material (dyed fiber percentage in the mixing), important spinning process variable (yarn twist multiplier) and productivity (spindle rpm of ring frame) on properties of cotton mélange spun yarn.

Box and Behnken Design of experiment has been used to investigate the important yarn quality parameters like evenness, imperfection, hairiness, breaking strength and breaking elongation of blow room blended cotton mélange yarn. The quadratic regression model is used to derive the statistical inferences about sensitivity of the yarn quality parameters to the different process variables. The response surfaces are constructed for depicting the geometric representation of yarn quality parameters plotted as a function of process variables.

The study shows that shade depth and spindle speed have significant effects on the mélange yarn unevenness and imperfections. Mélange yarn strength and hairiness are significantly affected by shade depth and yarn twist multiplier (TM). Yarn elongation at break is only influenced by the spindle speed. A darker shade is responsible for higher yarn unevenness, imperfection, hairiness and lower yarn strength. A higher spindle speed is also liable for deterioration of yarn quality.

Many spinning industries are planning to convert their existing spindles from normal gray yarn production to mélange yarn manufacturing. The outcome of this study will lead to achieve better mélange yarn quality and productivity by the industry.

Research on mélange yarn is itself scant. This study is exclusively conducted to analyze the individual and interactive effect of various process parameters on the mélange yarn quality.

The present work is a systematic study to understand the cause of poor quality of sliver, roving and yarn due to defective sliver storage can-spring at finisher drawframe machine in spinning preparatory. This study aims to investigate the influence of can-spring stiffness factor, sliver deposition rate and sliver coils position on yarn unevenness and thin places considering two cases of sliver storage time.

Combed ring spun yarn samples were produced by varying finisher drawframe variables, which were can-spring stiffness, delivery speed and sliver coils position in storage can. For research design, three-factor three levels of Box-Behnken experimental design was adopted. To investigate the effect of sliver storage time on combed yarn unevenness and thin places, yarn samples were produced at 8 h sliver storage time and without allowing any storage time. Sliver storage time is the time for which combed drawn sliver kept idle in storage cans before feeding to speedframe machine. The 8 h sliver storage time was considered for present study after consulting industrial experts. Adequate numbers of the samples were tested for yarn quality parameters such as yarn unevenness and thin places 50 per cent/km on standard instruments. Finally, the test results were analyzed using statistical software to check the statistical significance of all the independent variables on observed response through analysis of variance.

The experimental results showed that the yarn samples produced from older can-springs and bottom position sliver coils stored at 8 h storage time were showing higher yarn unevenness and thin places compared to other yarn samples. The results also showed that the effect of delivery speed is not significant on yarn unevenness for samples produced without allowing any sliver storage time.

The present study is an outcome of a practical problem experienced at the finisher drawframe machine in a spinning industry. For this purpose, only scrutinized finisher drawframe variables were considered for the evaluation. There are many equally important other factors, which were not considered due to research work feasibility.

This paper investigates the effect of some imperative factors at the finisher drawframe stage on combed yarn quality. The present study will boost existing knowledge of the spinner’s community regarding the effect of can-spring stiffness, sliver coils position and storage time on resultant combed yarn quality parameters.

The work is original and only a few references are available. The study reveals that storage can-spring stiffness should be chosen carefully for better sliver handling. It is observed that finisher drawframe can-spring stiffness, sliver storage time and sliver coils position play a vital role in deciding quality characteristics of stored sliver and ultimately affect yarn quality.

Design of bedding textiles that contact the human body affects the sleep quality. Bedding textiles contribute to comfort sense during the sleep duration, in addition to ambient and bed microclimate. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of different layer properties on the compression recovery and thermal characteristics of multilayer bedding textiles.

In this study, woven and knitted multilayer bedding textiles were manufactured from fabric, fiber, sponge and interlining, respectively. Different sponge thickness, fiber and interlining weight were used in the layers of samples. Later, the pilling resistance, compression and recovery, air permeability and thermal conductivity of multilayer bedding textiles were investigated.

The results indicated that samples with the higher layer weight and thickness provide better compression recovery and lower air permeability properties. It was also found that knitted surfaces show the higher air permeability than the woven surfaces depending on the fabric porosity. Layer properties have insignificant effect on the thermal conductivity values.

While researchers mostly focus on thermal comfort properties of garments, there are limited studies about comfort properties of bedding textiles in the literature. Furthermore, compression recovery properties of bedding textiles have also a great importance in terms of comfort. Originality of this study is that these properties were analyzed together.