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This study investigates how two situational elements influence people's propensity to lie about their own performance. We hypothesized that (a) people are more likely to lie when rewarded for doing so, (b) performance pressures at work lead people to lie about their performance, and c) the joint effect of the two elements led to the highest level of lying. Reward and pressure were manipulated in an experiment with 140 participants. The findings support both hypotheses. The results have implications for the manner in which corporations pressure and reward their employees, suggesting that unsavory behavior such as lying is a natural outgrowth of high pressure, high reward work situations.

Optimization of light-emitting diodes’ (LEDs’) design together with long-term reliability is directly correlated with their photometric, electric and thermal characteristics. For a given thermal layout of the LED system, the maximum luminous flux occurs at an optimal electrical input power and can be determined using a photo-electro-thermal (PET) theory. The purpose of this study is to extend the application of the luminous flux equation in PET theory for low-power (LP) LEDs.

LP surface-mounted device LEDs were mounted on substrates of different thermal resistances. Three LEDs were attached to substrates which were flame-retardant fiberglass epoxy (FR4) and two aluminum-based metal core printed circuit boards (MCPCBs) with thermal conductivities of about 1.0 W/m.K, 2.0 W/m.K and 5.0 W/m.K, respectively. The conjunction of thermal transient tester and thermal and radiometric characterization of LEDs system was used to measure the thermal and optical parameters of the LEDs at a certain range of input current and temperature.

The validation of the extended application of the luminous flux equation was confirmed via a good agreement between the practical and theoretical results. The outcomes show that the optimum luminous flux is 25.51, 31.91 and 37.01 lm for the LEDs on the FR4 and the two MCPCBs, respectively. Accordingly, the stipulated maximum electrical input power in the LED datasheet (0.185 W) is shifted to 0.6284, 0.6963 and 0.8838 W between the three substrates.

Using a large number of LP LEDs is preferred than high-power (HP) LEDs for the same system power to augment the heat transfer and provide a higher luminous flux. The PET theory equations have been applied to HP LEDs using heatsinks with various thermal resistances. In this work, the PET theory luminous flux equation was extended to be used for Indium Gallium Aluminum Phosphide LP LEDs attached to the substrates with dissimilar thermal resistances.

A wireless campus environment provides user mobility, as users are no longer tied to fixed locations to access the network. It also offers high network accessibility as network resources remain accessible after office hours. While existing communication applications can work in a wireless network, they are separate applications that often require different devices. This paper describes a personal communications system that integrates various services into a unified platform, providing a one‐stop source for both information access and communication within a wireless campus environment.

With the explosive growth of information available on the World Wide Web, it has become much more difficult to access relevant information from the Web. One possible approach to solve this problem is web personalization. In this paper, we propose a novel WUL (Web Usage Lattice) based mining approach for mining association access pattern rules for personalized web recommendations. The proposed approach aims to mine a reduced set of effective association pattern rules for enhancing the online performance of web recommendations. We have incorporated the proposed approach into a personalized web recommender system known as AWARS. The performance of the proposed approach is evaluated based on the efficiency and the quality. In the efficiency evaluation, we measure the number of generated rules and the runtime for online recommendations. In the quality evaluation, we measure the quality of the recommendation service based on precision, satisfactory and applicability. This paper will discuss the proposed WUL‐based mining approach, and give the performance of the proposed approach in comparison with the Apriori‐based algorithms.

The present data illustrate the effectiveness of utilizing theoretically guided models to develop consumer-based micro-segmentation strategies. The results provide marketers with a powerful discriminant function calculated from six variables to profile consumers and make informed decisions regarding promotional content and channel delivery to stimulate processing of marketing communication. The function also enables marketers to carve out casual, moderate, and loyal market segments with 74.3 per cent accuracy utilizing only 18 survey questions.

One major problem in the lighting industry is the thermal management of the devices. Handling of thermal resistance from solder point to the ambiance of the light-emitting diode (LED) package is linked to the external thermal management that includes a selection of the cooling mode, design of heatsink/substrate and thermal interface material (TIM). Among the significant factors that increase the light output of the of the LED system are efficient substrate and TIM. In this work, the influence of TIM on the luminous flux performance of commercial indium gallium aluminium phosphide (InGaAlP) low-power (LP) LEDs was investigated.

One batch of LEDs was mounted directly onto substrates which were glass-reinforced epoxy (FR4) and aluminium-based metal-core printed circuit boards (MCPCBs) with a dielectric layer of different thermal conductivities. Another batch of LEDs was prepared in a similar way, but a layer of TIM was embedded between the LED package and substrate. The TIMs were thermally conductive epoxy (TCE) and thermally conductive adhesive (TCA). The LED parameters were measured by using the integrated system of thermal transient tester (T3Ster) and thermal-radiometric characterization of LEDs at various input currents.

With the employment of TIM, the authors found that the LED’s maximum luminous flux was significantly higher than the value mentioned in the LED datasheet, and that a significant reduction in thermal resistance and junction temperature was revealed. The results showed that for a system with low thermal resistance, the maximum luminous flux appeared to occur at a higher power level. It was found that the maximum luminous flux was 24.10, 28.40 and 36.00 lm for the LEDs mounted on the FR4 and two MCPCBs, respectively. After TCA application on the LEDs, the maximum luminous flux values were 32.70, 36.60 and 37.60 lm for the FR4 and MCPCBs, respectively. Moreover, the findings demonstrated that the performance of the LED mounted on the FR4 substrate was more affected by the employment of the TIM than that of MCPCBs.

One of the major problems in the lighting industry is the thermal management of the device. In many low-power LED applications, the air gap between the two solder pads is not filled up. Heat flow is restricted by the air gap leading to thermal build-up and higher thermal resistance resulting in lower maximum luminous flux. Among the significant factors that increase the light output of the LED system are efficient substrate and TIM.

The findings in this work can be used as a method to improve thermal management of LP LEDs by applying thermal interface materials that can offer more efficient and brighter LP LEDs. Using aluminium-based substrates can also offer similar benefits.

Users of LP LEDs can benefit from the findings in this work. Brighter automotive lighting (signalling and backlighting) can be achieved, and better automotive lighting can offer better safety for the people on the street, especially during raining and foggy weather. User can also use a lower LED power rating to achieve similar brightness level with LED with higher power rating.

Better thermal management of commercial LP LEDs was achieved with the employment of thermal interface materials resulting in lower thermal resistance, lower junction temperature and brighter LEDs.

Traditional document retrieval techniques are ineffective in finding relevant documents due to a lack of semantic understanding of relevance. In this article, two techniques are described – conceptual clustering and co‐word analysis – aimed at injecting intelligence into the retrieval of documents stored in a citation database. Performance analysis has revealed that these techniques are better than traditional lexical analysis in terms of retrieval speed and accuracy.

Research organisations and individual researchers increasingly choose to share their research findings by providing lists of their published works on the World Wide Web. To facilitate the exchange of ideas, the lists often include links to published papers in portable document format (PDF) or Postscript (PS) format. Generally, these publication Web sites are updated regularly to include new works. While manual monitoring of relevant Web sites is tedious, commercial search engines and information monitoring systems are ineffective in finding and tracking scholarly publications. Analyses the characteristics of publication index pages and describes effective automatic extraction techniques that the authors have developed. The authors’ techniques combine lexical and syntactic analyses with heuristics. The proposed techniques have been implemented and tested for more than 14,000 Web pages and achieved consistently high success rates of around 90 percent.

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the mechanical properties of nano‐silver paste sintered lap shear structures and to discuss the effects of loading rate and ambient temperature on shear strength and fracture mechanism.

Single lap shear joints with an area of 2 mm² and thickness of 50 μm were fabricated by joining two copper substrates with nano‐silver paste. The lap shear tests were carried out under strain control mode on a micro uniaxial fatigue testing system with four loading rates and temperatures. The fracture sections were analyzed by SEM observation to determine the effect of temperature on the fracture mechanism.

Results from the study highlighted that the shear strain rate and temperature can have a significant impact on the shear behaviour of nano‐silver paste sintered lap shear joints. The shear strength increased with shear strain rate, but decreased with increasing ambient temperature. The lap shear joints displayed excellent ductility at higher temperatures due to the grain plastic flow.

So far, the investigation of the mechanical behaviour of low‐temperature sintered nano‐silver paste was restricted to a film form. No work had been done on nano‐silver paste connected structures. The findings presented in this paper give a basic understanding of the mechanical properties of nano‐silver sintered joints when sheared under different loading rates and temperatures.

This study examines the relationship between spectator motivation and sports consumption behaviours in the context of an adaptive sport. Respondents were spectators from five matches held in the Midwest United States involving registered United States Quad Rugby Association teams. The Motivation Scale for Sport Consumption (MSSC; Trail & James, 2001) was adapted to measure spectator motivation and predict repatronage intentions and online media consumption among wheelchair rugby spectators. Results indicated that two spectator motivation factors, physical skill and knowledge, were related to repatronage intentions. In addition, knowledge and vicarious achievement were found to be related to online media consumption.