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The decision to restart the TurkStream natural gas pipeline from Russia to Turkey.
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB213164
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Mestan also implied that Borisov and Dogan were allied in promoting Russian interests in Bulgarian politics -- while Bulgaria's 'yellow press' accuses him of being a Turkish…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB207870
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
Topical
Russia's share of Austrian gas imports was cut sharply in the wake of the February 2022 invasion of Ukraine but has now returned to pre-war levels. Austria’s ability to accelerate…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB279042
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
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Outcome of a legal dispute about Ukraine's historical gas debt to Russia.
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB229378
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
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Energy exports have been Russia’s potent weapon against Europe since the Ukraine war began. When NS1 closed for maintenance in July, fears mounted that flows would not resume…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB271956
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
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The day before, President Vladimir Putin again described the incidents as "terrorism". He told an October 31 press conference that Gazprom had been allowed to participate in the…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB273814
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Turkish state-owned utility BOTAS has a supply contract with Bulgargaz which also includes access to the Bulgarian grid. It is in position to resell Russian gas to customers in…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB281972
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
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Despite high-level commitments, economic links do not correspond to the commitments to political cooperation expressed by Moscow and Beijing. The structure of trade and other…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB260047
ISSN: 2633-304X
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The delay underscores division and uncertainty concerning how the United Kingdom will end its imports of Russian energy and fossil fuels more broadly. The report is believed to…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB268316
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
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In recent months, Lukashenka has repeatedly argued that Moscow is working to unseat him at the August 9 polls. A trade and debt deal last month made progress on important energy…