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Describes how the author’s school, which already placed a significant emphasis on encouraging children to value themselves, decided to devote 20 per cent of curriculum time (released as a result of the introduction of the slimmed‐down National Curriculum) to a wide‐ranging health education programme. The school decided on a three‐year rolling programme in which planning and staff training could take place in the term preceding implementation of the suggested work. This would also allow staff to reflect on what had been achieved to date, thus modifying the next stage of the implementation. Outlines topics in three broad categories of the health education curriculum, and discusses ways in which one topic ‐ peer group pressure ‐ is tackled at Key Stage1.

Summarizes the author′s view that much health education is delivered too late to be effective in influencing young people′s behaviour. Describes how the author′s school devised a programme for primary school children which would help them develop the skills needed to resist peer pressure. This involved the use of a puppet and a professional puppeteer, the children helping the puppet to deal with situations in which he did not want to become involved. Outlines the groundwork on recognizing feelings and expressing opinions that was necessary before this work could be tackled.

This paper aims to examine the many unusual roles played by the Italian Guardia di Finanza (GdF), and how that unique blend of missions sometimes overlaps as much with conceptions of domestic security as it does with the policing of financial crimes.

This paper analyzes the agency's historical organization and evolution, legal authorities and changing missions. It uses publicly available government documents and secondary analysis.

This organization, for historical reasons, was an early version of a hybrid agency that conducted both crime control and national protective missions – policing economic crime, patrolling borders and coasts and attempting to regulate the flows of goods and people into and out of the Italian state.

This analysis uses data collected from annual reports of the Guardia di Finanza, as well as journalistic reporting and scholarly analysis, to assess the changing agency, but it does not use internal sources or direct observation, which could inform future related analyses.

GdF’s unique set of undertakings is particularly relevant as the comparative policing and financial crime literatures grow, and particularly as they continue to overlap with the broader comparative security literature.

Policing, and police reform, has been very high profile in recent years, and will continue to be. The unusual structure of Italian policing, and the GdF in particular, have insights that could inform other nations police and policing.

This analysis is designed to describe an unusual case – of financial policing, of policing in general, and of domestic security policy – and illustrating how those issues overlap and relate. National police agencies often have missions that evolve over time, and this is a case study in such evolution.

Information technology ‐ Alvey news is published since the end of 1983 as the official newsletter of the Alvey Directorate who manage ‘the Alvey programme of advanced information technology’. The directorate consists of staff seconded from UK industry and representatives of the three governing funding bodies: the Department of Trade, the Ministry of Defence, and the Science and Engineering Research Council. The Alvey programme aims to mobilise the UK's technical strengths in information technology (IT) in order to improve the UK's competitive position in world IT markets. The Alvey news is published by the Institution of Electrical Engineers in association with the British Computer Society, and the editor is the very helpful and intelligent Janet Tomlinson who can give further information about the publication; she may be contacted at the iee, Savoy Place, London WC2R 0BL, tel 01 240 1871.

Nanopore-based molecular sensing and measurement, specifically DNA sequencing, is advancing at a fast pace. Some embodiments have matured from coarse particle counters to enabling full human genome assembly. This evolution has been powered not only by improvements in the sensors themselves, but also in the assisting microelectronic CMOS readout circuitry closely interfaced to them. In this light, this paper aims to review established and emerging nanopore-based sensing modalities considered for DNA sequencing and CMOS microelectronic methods currently being used.

Readout and amplifier circuits, which are potentially appropriate for conditioning and conversion of nanopore signals for downstream processing, are studied. Furthermore, arrayed CMOS readout implementations are focused on and the relevant status of the nanopore sensor technology is reviewed as well.

Ion channel nanopore devices have unique properties compared with other electrochemical cells. Currently biological nanopores are the only variants reported which can be used for actual DNA sequencing. The translocation rate of DNA through such pores, the current range at which these cells operate on and the cell capacitance effect, all impose the necessity of using low-noise circuits in the process of signal detection. The requirement of using in-pixel low-noise circuits in turn tends to impose challenges in the implementation of large size arrays.

The study presents an overview on the readout circuits used for signal acquisition in electrochemical cell arrays and investigates the specific requirements necessary for implementation of nanopore-type electrochemical cell amplifiers and their associated readout electronics.