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This paper aims to characterize the sexual maturation of M. flexuosa plantations in Tulumayo.

The methodology in this paper was selection of three plots in open field and usage of different densities of planting, after the maturation of the first plants, we began the quarterly evaluation. There was total 28 evaluations in seven years of age.

As a result, it was determined that at 12 years, the plots with lower density presented a greater number of mature individuals, with a predominance of female palms that produced an average of four bunches of fruit per year, and males five inflorescences. In addition, 15% of adult female plants went dormant, whereas males accounted for 3.4%. Reproductive cycles began in September and culminated in October of the following year, which were synchronized with rainfall.

Planting density was a determining factor in the early maturity of M. flexuosa and sustainable plantation management.

The purpose of this paper is to set forth a new economic model that includes variables that take account the mediator effect of global competitiveness index to better identify the whole phenomenon behind the relationship between GDP and competition in Europe.

The authors test the consistency of the Baron and Kenny mediator model through an explanatory linear regression model, then the authors deploy a panel analysis and a simultaneous equation system to assess the model consistency to bypass much of the endogeneity problem.

This paper’s findings show a positive influence of global competitiveness index on GDP and this effect is by far more evident when other variables (e.g. the logistics performance index) interact simultaneously.

The GCI is a correct variable to assess growth. The study shows how the recent economic crisis has increased the importance of competitiveness for economic recovery as well as key strategic decisions aimed at strengthening growth and competitiveness.

This paper’s theoretical construct is a unique methodology applied to disentangle the role of a new model that takes account of global competitiveness index as a mediator variable to economic growth.