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Article
Publication date: 1 October 2004

Roman Kaczyński and Leongard I. Pogodaev

This paper describes the elastic state of heterogenous materials within the framework of the mechanics of heterogenous continua. Failure condition of a two‐phase material is…

Abstract

This paper describes the elastic state of heterogenous materials within the framework of the mechanics of heterogenous continua. Failure condition of a two‐phase material is formulated and the dependencies of hydroabrasive and cavitational wear of steel on the spacing of the inclusions of martensite in steels with ferritic‐cementitic and austenitic structures are established. The dependence of the wear resistance criterion on the stress, distribution density and austenitic grain diameter is also presented. The results made it possible to develop an effective structure‐energy model to describe wear processes of materials and coatings.

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 56 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0036-8792

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 July 2006

Roman Kaczyński and Leongard I. Pogodaev

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the phenomenon of wear resistance of some metals and alloys with allowance for the stiffness of their stressed‐strained state of the…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the phenomenon of wear resistance of some metals and alloys with allowance for the stiffness of their stressed‐strained state of the surface.

Design/methodology/approach

An original criterion (in the form of limiting deformation power density) of wear resistance on the basis of structure‐energy theory of friction is proposed. Experimental data on the wear resistance are generalized using the criterion for the conditions of hydroabrasive, impact‐abrasive and cavitational erosion.

Findings

The dependence of the criterion on stiffness coefficient of the stressed‐strained state of the surface of materials is demonstrated. It has been found that an increase of the stiffness results in the reduction in the energy capacity and wear resistance of both metals and alloys investigated.

Practical implications

The structure‐energy criterion can be used for choosing suitable frictional materials and to compare and estimate the theoretical considerations with experimental data.

Originality/value

The proposed structure‐energy approach allows systemizing the results of our analyses and the experimental data.

Details

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol. 58 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0036-8792

Keywords

Book part
Publication date: 13 November 2015

Elżbieta Sawa-Czajka

General presidential elections are the achievements of the democratic forces and always arouse a multitude of social excitement. The presidential campaigns in years 1990; 1995;…

Abstract

General presidential elections are the achievements of the democratic forces and always arouse a multitude of social excitement. The presidential campaigns in years 1990; 1995; 2000; 2005; 2010; and present in 2015 became more and more professional. The role of planning and effective campaigns also increased. After more than 25 years of independence and after successfully carrying out the transformation of a new generation of voters born, raised, and educated in a democratic country whose political decisions are not conditioned in comparison to situation, Communist Poland has grown up and voted in 2015. The expectations of this generation are attributable to a good job, the ability to travel, and actively shaping their own lives. The existing political and party system no longer reflects the new social divisions which are becoming increasingly visible in the country.

Details

Enabling Gender Equality: Future Generations of the Global World
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78560-567-3

Book part
Publication date: 4 December 2023

Peter Langman

This chapter seeks to shed light on the many factors that contribute to people becoming school shooters. These factors are divided into four domains: biological, psychological…

Abstract

This chapter seeks to shed light on the many factors that contribute to people becoming school shooters. These factors are divided into four domains: biological, psychological, social, and cultural. At the biological level, this chapter explores the potential influence of genetics, pre- and post-natal development, and body-related issues that may affect the perpetrators' sense of self. A psychological typology is presented, consisting of psychopathic, psychotic, and traumatized school shooters. Socially, school shooters often have multiple setbacks, failures, and rejections that contribute to their distress. Finally, the cultural domain includes such factors as media violence, role models for killing, and ideologies of hatred and supremacy. Rather than attributing school shootings to a simplistic cause such as bullying, this chapter discusses a wide range of potential influences that combine to cause mass attacks at schools.

Book part
Publication date: 17 July 2007

Maria Raquel Freire and Teresa Cierco

The fast-developing processes of globalization, with increased political and economic interdependence, along with competition; regionalization dynamics revealing more localized…

Abstract

The fast-developing processes of globalization, with increased political and economic interdependence, along with competition; regionalization dynamics revealing more localized ambitions and either constraining or advancing intentions and policies; and Europeanization as a particular dynamic related to the EU role as a global actor, applied to the Polish post-communist transition, constitute our vectors of analysis. This essay aims to address the simultaneously interconnected and heterogeneous responses of Polish post-communist course of change to global and regional processes, including European integration. In this line of research, we search for answers to how the linkages among globalization, regionalization, and Europeanization work in the case of Polish post-communist transition. This will be pursued through an analysis of the democratization course, mainly regarding political, institutional and social aspects, and economic integration. Despite elements of complementarity and resistance in the working relationships among the three concepts, which are highly debatable, we find they have substantial implications on Polish policy-making. These implications include adjustment and bargaining between demands and concessions, resulting in gains and losses, though despite the negative effects associated and acknowledged, the fact of Poland pursuing the course of integration in the EU reveals an equation of cost–benefit, in favor of the EU.

Details

Globalization: Perspectives from Central and Eastern Europe
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-0-7623-1457-7

Article
Publication date: 7 August 2017

Annamaria Silvana de Rosa and Laura Dryjanska

The purpose of this paper is to focus on social representations of Warsaw (Poland) as a tourist destination of 210 first visitors from seven EU and extra-EU countries (France…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to focus on social representations of Warsaw (Poland) as a tourist destination of 210 first visitors from seven EU and extra-EU countries (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Poland, United Kingdom and United States of America) interviewed before and after their visit. In the framework of the social representations theory, the “cultural baggage”, rooted in the collective and social memory, forms anticipatory representations of the imagined places that may undergo transformations after the visit. How does this transformation occur?

Design/methodology/approach

The authors consider the transformation of social representations as detected by means of a self-administered questionnaire that comprised the following tools: scales to measure the strength of various information sources about Warsaw (school, literature, movies, songs, internet, press, tourist guides, documentaries, interpersonal communication and other); associative networks (de Rosa, 2002) with the stimulus word “Warsaw”; a list of adjectives describing the city and its centre, as well as a list of the most important places in Warsaw. The questionnaires were coded to ensure anonymity of participants while enabling the researcher to administer them for the second time (after the visit). According to the modelling approach to social representations (de Rosa, 2013a), the research was guided by three related hypotheses concerning transformation of social representations of Warsaw.

Findings

The results confirmed the hypotheses of potential changes in the representations that shift the focus from Warsaw as “communist” to “green” capital city, and of the role of the Polish language as a “communicative barrier” for recalling specific names of city-places after their visit.

Research limitations/implications

Social representations exist in people’s minds, and they include images that are further interpreted (Howarth, 2011). Especially when visitors are asked about places, it is likely that they recall specific images, but not their names. Since the questionnaires required them to write down the answers, words often did not correspond to the volatile and dynamic images that the human mind creates. In spite of recalling a specific park or fountain, participants resorted to general categories and simply wrote “park” or “fountain”. However, this limitation is familiar to the majority of social psychological researchers and very difficult, if not impossible, to overcome. The new research directions launched to integrate the research line of field studies with investigations based on new media offer complementary insights and opportunities (de Rosa and Bocci, 2014).

Practical implications

Destination branding has numerous practical implications. According to Ekinci and Hosany (2006), developing efficient communication methods is crucial to launching a distinctive and attractive destination personality. Hosany et al. (2006) have demonstrated that personality traits are ubiquitous in consumers’ evaluations of tourism destinations and therefore promotional campaigns should emphasize the distinctive personality of tourism destinations, based on the emotional components of destination image. European capital cities compete for visitors in the mature and saturated market, where brand strength is positively related to tourism intensity (Mikulić et al., 2016).

Originality/value

Examining how social representations of a city are transformed by the visit from the perspective of the supra-disciplinary theory of Moscovici constitutes an original way to link imagery and tourist practices. The major cultural issues, such as history, language, art and traditions affect the theory and practice of urban tourism. For the first time, this theoretical framework is being used in case of a post-communist European destination such as Warsaw.

Details

International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, vol. 11 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1750-6182

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 9 November 2012

Francisco J. Arenas‐Márquez, José A.D. Machuca and Carmen Medina‐López

The purpose of this paper is to describe a computer‐assisted learning experience in operations management (OM) higher education that entailed the development of interactive…

2403

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to describe a computer‐assisted learning experience in operations management (OM) higher education that entailed the development of interactive learning software, its evaluation in an experimental environment and the formal analysis of the teaching method's influence on student perceptions.

Design/methodology/approach

The software design follows the constructivist focus based on widely‐accepted educational technology principles. Objective tests of knowledge and subjective appraisal of the learning process were used in the experiment to compare two educational scenarios (computer‐assisted learning and on‐site class). Students' perceptions of the software's technical and teaching features are also analyzed.

Findings

The study shows that the teaching method can significantly affect students' perceptions of the learning process. The findings also confirm the pedagogical effectiveness of the software that was designed and that information communication technologies (ICT)‐based methods are an alternative to traditional methods used in OM education.

Research limitations/implications

The experiment involved strict control over various potential threats to validity. From a statistical point‐of‐view, the conclusions can only be generalized in the population analyzed. Nevertheless, the features of the software and the student profile allow the main conclusions to be generalized to other OM environments.

Practical implications

The use and evaluation of interactive software in OM educational environments are reflected on, with emphasis on the influence that the teaching methodology has on students' attitudes to the learning process. It is of interest for researchers interested in improving teaching through the use of ICT.

Originality/value

There are very few studies on interactive self‐learning software for OM and its effects on student perceptions. This paper is a new contribution to this field.

Article
Publication date: 1 March 2021

Mark N. Wexler and Judy Oberlander

The purpose of this paper is to investigate COVID-19 as a super crisis in the design and management of places.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate COVID-19 as a super crisis in the design and management of places.

Design/methodology/approach

This theory-driven work outlines why and how, by treating COVID-19 as a super crisis, the immunological view rises in priority and swiftly ushers in short- and long-term implications for space design and place management.

Findings

First, this paper looks at the short-term impact of COVID-19 upon space and place management in addressing how porous bubbling, stippling and flexible curtaining respond to immediate retrofitting needs during the pandemic. Using the concept of COVID-19-induced collective trauma, this paper draws attention to health-care facilities, schools, workplaces, commercial buildings and public outdoor spaces. These sites require short-term improvisation in place and space design and will, where the collective trauma of COVID-19 leaves strong traces, require long-term redesign and rethinking.

Social implications

As a super crisis, COVID-19 generates contradictions in the existing trend in space and place studies from the notion of space and place as a container to one focusing on “flow.” A focus on flow highlights a focus on space and place as adaptable to changes in flow, especially as augmented and mediated by technology.

Originality/value

This treatment of COVID-19 as a super crisis is intended to stimulate the design and management of spaces and places in the post-COVID-19 period.

Details

Journal of Place Management and Development, vol. 14 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1753-8335

Keywords

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