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Book part
Publication date: 14 July 2014

The Causal Status of Social Capital in Labor Markets

Roberto M. Fernandez and Roman V. Galperin

Recent labor market research has called into question whether social capital effects are causal, or are spuriously due to the influence of social homophily. This essay…

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Recent labor market research has called into question whether social capital effects are causal, or are spuriously due to the influence of social homophily. This essay adopts the demand-side perspective of organizations to examine the causal status of social capital. In contrast with supply-side approaches, we argue that homophily is a key mechanism by which organizations derive social capital. We develop an approach to bolster inferences about the causal status of social capital, and illustrate these ideas using data from a retail bank.

Details

Contemporary Perspectives on Organizational Social Networks
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S0733-558X(2014)0000040022
ISBN: 978-1-78350-751-1

Keywords

  • Labor markets
  • social networks
  • hiring
  • employee referrals
  • homophily

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Book part
Publication date: 8 April 2013

Race, Network Hiring, and Statistical Discrimination

Roberto M. Fernandez and Jason Greenberg

Purpose – Research has shown that employers often disfavor racial minorities − particularly African Americans − even when whites and minorities present comparable resumes…

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Purpose – Research has shown that employers often disfavor racial minorities − particularly African Americans − even when whites and minorities present comparable resumes when applying for jobs. Extant studies have been hard pressed to distinguish between taste-based discrimination where employers' racial animus is the key motivation for their poor treatment of minorities and variants of statistical discrimination where there is no assumption at all of racial animus on the part of the employer. This chapter proposes a test of these theories by observing whether employers use employee referrals as a “cheap” source of information to help assess applicant quality.Methodology/approach – Unique quantitative data encompassing the entire pool of 987 candidates interviewed by one company in the western United States during a 13-month period are used to test our arguments.Findings – We find that employers in this setting are making use of the cheap information available to them: Consistent with statistical discrimination theory, minority referrals are more likely to receive a job offer than non-referred minority applicants, and are not disfavored relative to referred whites.Originality/value of the chapter – Both statistical and taste-based theories of discrimination propose similar observable outcomes (lower rates of disfavored minority hiring). While different mental processes are being invoked by taste-based and statistical discrimination theories, the theories are extremely difficult to distinguish in terms of observable behaviors. Especially for the purpose of designing legal remedies and labor market policies to ameliorate the disparate treatment of minority groups, differentiating between these theories is a high priority.

Details

Networks, Work and Inequality
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S0277-2833(2013)0000024007
ISBN: 978-1-78190-539-5

Keywords

  • Networks
  • race
  • hiring
  • statistical discrimination
  • taste for discrimination

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Book part
Publication date: 1 April 2003

KEEPING A JOB: NETWORK HIRING AND TURNOVER IN A RETAIL BANK

Kathryn M Neckerman and Roberto M Fernandez

The literature on job networks predicts that employees referred through networks would be better matched and mentored and thus would have lower turnover. However, existing…

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The literature on job networks predicts that employees referred through networks would be better matched and mentored and thus would have lower turnover. However, existing research on this question has neglected the ways in which network effects are contingent upon firm organization. Using the personnel records of a large retail bank, we examine the relationship between network recruitment and turnover among new employees. There was no significant difference between network referrals and non-referrals, but referrals eligible for the employee referral program did have lower turnover. These results are explicable in light of the bank’s organization.

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The Governance of Relations in Markets and Organizations
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0733-558X(02)20011-7
ISBN: 978-1-84950-202-3

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Book part
Publication date: 15 July 2020

A Bibliometric and Topic Modeling Analysis of the Structural Divide in the Multidisciplinary Research on Employee Mobility

Bruno Cirillo, Daniel Tzabbar and Donghwi Seo

Research on employee mobility has proliferated in the past four decades across four research traditions: Economics, sociology, management, and organizational…

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Research on employee mobility has proliferated in the past four decades across four research traditions: Economics, sociology, management, and organizational behavior/human resource management. Despite significant overlap in interest and focus, these four streams of research have evolved independent from each other, resulting in a structural divide. We provide a detailed account of the research on employee mobility and the structural divide across disciplines. We document that the payoff from this profusion of research and increasing interest has been disappointing, as reflected in the limited number of cross-disciplinary citations, even among common topics of interest. However, our analysis also provides some encouraging signs in the form of specific journals and individuals who provide a bridge for cross-disciplinary fertilization.

Details

Employee Inter- and Intra-Firm Mobility
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S0742-332220200000041001
ISBN: 978-1-78973-550-5

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Book part
Publication date: 8 April 2013

List of Contributors

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Networks, Work and Inequality
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S0277-2833(2013)0000024002
ISBN: 978-1-78190-539-5

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Book part
Publication date: 14 July 2014

List of Contributors

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Contemporary Perspectives on Organizational Social Networks
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S0733-558X(2014)0000040025
ISBN: 978-1-78350-751-1

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Book part
Publication date: 21 July 2020

The Importance of Firm Size and Development Strategies for CSR Formalisation

José-Luis Godos-Díez, Laura Cabeza-García, Almudena Martínez-Campillo and Roberto Fernández-Gago

Despite the relevance of firm size in the analysis of corporate social responsibility (CSR) engagement, there is still much to know about the specific impact of firm size…

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Despite the relevance of firm size in the analysis of corporate social responsibility (CSR) engagement, there is still much to know about the specific impact of firm size on CSR formalisation. Moreover, in order to better understand such a relation, the interaction effects of development strategies on which companies may base its growth, namely diversification and internationalisation, will be also taken into account. Specifically, this work contributes to shed light on these issues by combining theories related to external and internal drivers of CSR. Using a sample of Spanish listed firms, the results show that firm size affects positively CSR formalisation, and that this effect is stronger in the case of adopting a diversification strategy, while no evidence was found for the moderating effect of internationalisation strategy.

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Adapting to Environmental Challenges: New Research in Strategy and International Business
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83982-476-020200006
ISBN: 978-1-83982-477-7

Keywords

  • CSR formalisation
  • firm size
  • development strategies
  • diversification
  • internationalisation
  • CSR drivers

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Article
Publication date: 27 August 2019

Design, process and commercial benefits gained from AMT

José Roberto Díaz-Reza, Jorge Luis García-Alcaraz, Alfonso Jesus Gil-López, Julio Blanco-Fernández and Emilio Jimenez-Macias

The purpose of this paper is to measure the relationships between advanced manufacturing technologies (AMTs) categories (stand-alone, intermediated and integrated systems…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to measure the relationships between advanced manufacturing technologies (AMTs) categories (stand-alone, intermediated and integrated systems) implementation and design, process and commercial benefits obtained.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey is designed with benefits gained from AMT implementation as well as its categories, which is applied to the maquiladora industry. A structural equation model with data from 383 responses is used to measure the relationship between AMT categories and benefits gained using nine hypotheses that are tested statistically significant using partial least squares. Also, using conditional probabilities, a sensitivity analysis reports how low and high levels from AMT implementation influence on the obtained benefits.

Findings

Integrated systems are the most important AMT for maquiladoras and have the strongest impact on design, processes and commercial benefits.

Research limitations/implications

Data obtained support the model, but results may be different in another industrial sector and countries with different labor culture and technological level.

Practical implications

Managers in maquiladora industry must focus their attention on integrated manufacturing systems, because high implementation levels guarantee the biggest probability to gain benefits in design, production process and commercial.

Originality/value

The relationship between AMT and their benefits has not been measured in depth, and this paper contributes to understand that problem. In addition, this paper is the first to report a sensitivity analysis that enables managers to acknowledge the probability of obtaining certain benefits.

Details

Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, vol. 31 no. 2
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JMTM-03-2019-0113
ISSN: 1741-038X

Keywords

  • Performance measurement
  • Statistical analysis
  • Manufacturing performance
  • Advanced manufacturing technology
  • Manufacturing industry

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Article
Publication date: 26 February 2021

Effect of flipped teaching on the performance and perceptions of pre-service teachers on a biology course

Roberto Reinoso, Jaime Delgado-Iglesias and Itziar Fernández

The purpose of this paper is to analyse student performance and perceptions when a flipped classroom setting is used, in comparison with the traditional model.

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyse student performance and perceptions when a flipped classroom setting is used, in comparison with the traditional model.

Design/methodology/approach

The inverted learning model or “flipped classroom” is a pedagogical approach that attempts to reverse the traditional teaching and learning process, making the student the protagonist of their own learning, and is characterised by the theoretical contents being taught “outside the classroom”, allowing students to spend more class time carrying out other types of more practical activities that encourage much more active learning, such as enquiry exercises, problem solving, collaborative projects and so on. The study was conducted on a biology course of the Primary Education Bachelor’s Degree during the 2017/2018 academic year (n = 240).

Findings

The results revealed that better learning outcomes were achieved by students when the flipped classroom methodology was proposed. It has also been found that student perceptions of the teaching approach were more positive when the flipped model was followed. The flipped classroom methodology also seems to foster student participation and motivation more effectively than traditional teaching formats, mainly because the active learning activities that are carried out in this new educative approach manage to involve the students in their own learning processes.

Originality/value

Despite the enhanced popularity of flipped classroom research in multiple educational contexts and the growing number of studies published in recent years, there is little empirical evidence regarding the effect of the flipped classroom on learning outcomes and satisfaction in pre-service teachers.

Details

Information and Learning Sciences, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/ILS-07-2020-0173
ISSN: 2398-5348

Keywords

  • Performance
  • Perception
  • Flipped classroom
  • Pre-service teacher
  • Biology education
  • Inverted learning
  • Performance

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Book part
Publication date: 8 April 2013

Frontiers of Sociological Research on Networks, Work, and Inequality

Steve McDonald, S. Michael Gaddis, Lindsey B. Trimble and Lindsay Hamm

Purpose – The introductory chapter to this special issue highlights contemporary scholarship on networks, work, and inequality.Methodology – We review the last decade of…

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Purpose – The introductory chapter to this special issue highlights contemporary scholarship on networks, work, and inequality.Methodology – We review the last decade of research on this topic, identifying four key areas investigation: (1) networks and hiring, (2) networks and the labor process, (3) networks and outcomes at work, and (4) networks and institutional dynamics.Findings – Social networks play an important role in understanding the mechanisms by which and the conditions under which economic inequality is reproduced across gender, race, and social class distinctions. Throughout the review, we point to numerous opportunities for future research to enhance our understanding of these social processes.

Details

Networks, Work and Inequality
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S0277-2833(2013)0000024005
ISBN: 978-1-78190-539-5

Keywords

  • Networks
  • employment
  • inequality
  • review
  • work
  • social capital

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