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This paper aims to develop ring resonator type optical sensors for high-sensitive detection of biomaterials and a solution concentration surrounding sensor devices. The sensing characteristics of a proposed device are investigated.

The proposed device structure is multi-slot ring resonator where the horizontal slots are arranged in vertical direction called as stacked multi-slot ring resonator. The ring resonator consists of silicon nitride because of several advantages such as easy integration of Si photo-detectors. A high sensitivity is expected in this structure because the slot height is precisely controlled by the thickness of stacked silicon nitride and etched silicon oxide layers. Sensing characteristics are evaluated from the simulated effective refractive index using the finite element method and sucrose solution sensing is confirmed using polydimethylsiloxane fluid channel.

In the simulation for the solution concentration sensor, the detection sensitivity is enhanced with increasing the slot height and the number of slots. On the other hand, for the biomaterial sensor such as the adsorbed antigen-antibody reaction, the sensitivity increases with decreasing the slot height. In this case, more than four times higher sensitivity is expected compared with the slot ring resonator sensor with vertical single slot and 0.1-0.2 μm slot width.

This paper presents an improved new structure of ring resonator type sensors and its optimum design parameters. The sensing characteristics are evaluated, and, for the biomaterial sensor, the sensitivity is high in comparison to the previous slot ring resonator.

The purpose of this paper is to present the design of a compact microstrip bandpass filter (BPF) in dual-mode configuration loaded with cross-loop and square ring slots on a square patch resonator for C-band applications.

In the proposed design, the dual-mode response for the filter is realized with two transmission zeros (TZs) by the insertion of a perturbation element at the diagonal corner of the square patch resonator with orthogonal feed lines. Such TZs at the edges of the passband result in better selectivity for the proposed BPF. Moreover, the cross-loop and square ring slots are etched on a square patch resonator to obtain a miniaturized BPF.

The proposed dual-mode microstrip filter fabricated in RT/duroid 6010 substrate using PCB technology has a measured minimum insertion loss of 1.8 dB and return loss better than 24.5 dB with a fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 6.9%. A compact size of 7.35 × 7.35 mm² is achieved for the slotted patch resonator-based dual-mode BPF at the center frequency of 4.76 GHz. As compared with the conventional square patch resonator, a size reduction of 61% is achieved with the proposed slotted design. The feasibility of the filter design is confirmed by the good agreement between the measured and simulated responses. The performance of the proposed filter structure is compared with other dual-mode filter works.

In the proposed work, a compact dual-mode BPF is reported with slotted structures. The conventional square patch resonator is deployed with cross-loop and square ring slots to design a dual-mode filter with a square perturbation element at its diagonal corner. The proposed filter exhibits compact size and favorable performance compared to other dual-mode filter works reported in literature. The aforementioned design of the dual-mode BPF at 4.76 GHz is suitable for applications in the lower part of the C-band.

The main purpose of this study is to test the performance of the ink-jet printed microwave resonant circuits on Low temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) substrates combined with microfluidic channels for sensor applications. Normally, conductive patterns are deposited on an LTCC substrate by means of the screen-printing technique, but in this paper applicability of ink-jet printing in connection with LTCC materials is demonstrated.

A simple microfluidic LTCC sensor based on the microstrip ring resonator was designed. It was assumed the micro-channel, located under the ring, was filled with a mixture of DI water and ethanol, and the operating frequency of the resonator was tuned to 2.4 GHz. The substrate was fabricated by standard LTCC process, and the pattern of the microstrip ring resonator was deposited over the substrate by means of an ink-jet printer. Performance of the sensor was assessed with the use of various volumetric concentrations of DI water and ethanol. Actual changes in concentration were detected by means of microwave measurements.

It can be concluded that ink-jet printing is a feasible technique for fast fabrication of micro-strip circuits on LTCC substrates, including microfluidic components. Further research needs to be conducted to improve the reliability, accuracy and performance of this technique.

The literature shows the use of ink-jet printing for producing various conductive patterns in different applications. However, the idea to replace the screen-printing with the ink-jet printing on LTCC substrates in connection with microwave-microfluidic applications is not widely studied. Some questions concerning accuracy and reliability of this technique are still open.

This paper aims to present the simulation, fabrication and testing of a novel ultra-wide band (UWB) band-pass filters (BPFs) with better transmission and rejection characteristics on a low-loss Taconic substrate and analyze using the coupled theory of resonators for UWB range covering L, S, C and X bands for radars, global positioning system (GPS) and satellite communication applications.

The filter is designed with a bent coupled transmission line on the top copper layer. Defected ground structures (DGSs) like complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs), V-shaped resonators, rectangular slots and quad circle slots (positioned inwards and outwards) are etched in the ground layer of the filter. The circular orientation of V-shaped resonators adds compactness when linearly placed. By arranging the quad circle slots outwards and inwards at the corner and core of the ground plane, respectively, two filters (Filters I and II) are designed, fabricated and measured. These two filters feature a quasi-elliptic response with transmission zeros (TZs) on either side of the bandpass response, making it highly selective and reflection poles (RPs), resulting in a low-loss filter response. The transmission line model and coupled line theory are implemented to analyze the proposed filters.

Two filters by placing the quad circle slots outwards (Filter I) and inwards (Filter II) were designed, fabricated and tested. The fabricated model (Filter I) provides transmission with a maximum insertion loss of 2.65 dB from 1.5 GHz to 9.2 GHz. Four TZs and five RPs are observed in the frequency response. The lower and upper stopband band width (BW) of the measured Filter I are 1.2 GHz and 5.5 GHz of upper stopband BW with rejection level greater than 10 dB, respectively. Filter II (inward quad circle slots) operates from 1.4 GHz to 9.05 GHz with 1.65 dB maximum insertion loss inside the passband with four TZs and four RPs, which, in turn, enhances the filter characteristics in terms of selectivity, flatness and stopband. Moreover, 1 GHz BW of lower and upper stopbands are observed. Thus, the fabricated filters (Filters I and II) are therefore evaluated, and the outcomes show good agreement with the electromagnetic simulation response.

The limitation of this work is the back radiation caused by DGS, which can be eradicated by placing the filter in the cavity and retaining its performance.

The proposed UWB BPFs with novel resonators find their role in the UWB range covering L, S, C and X bands for radars, GPS and satellite communication applications.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, for the first time, the authors develop a compact UWB BPFs (Filters I and II) with BW greater than 7.5 GHz by combining reformed coupled lines and DGS resonators (CSRRs, V-shaped resonators [modified hairpin resonators], rectangular slots and quad circle slots [inwards and outwards]) for radars, GPS and satellite communication applications.

The purpose of this paper was to determine the complex permittivity of bismuth strontium manganites (Bi_1−xSr_xMnO₃) in the 8‐12 GHz range by using perturbation of Ag thick film microstrip ring resonator (MSRR) due to superstrate of both bulk and thick film.

The BSM ceramics were synthesized by simple low cost solid state reaction method and their fritless thick films were fabricated by screen printing technique on alumina substrate. A comparison has been made between the X band response of Ag thick film microstrip ring resonator due to perturbation of bulk and thick film Bi_1−xSr_xMnO₃ ceramic.

The bulk and thick film superstrate decreases the resonance frequency of MSRR. In this technique even minor change in the properties of superstrate material changes the MSRR response. Variation of strontium content also influences microwave conductivity and penetration depth of bulk and thick films.

The microwave complex permittivity decreases with increase in Sr content in bismuth manganite and it is higher for bulk as compared to its thick films. The superstrate on Ag thick film microstrip ring resonator is an efficient tool capable of detecting the composition dependent changes in microwave properties of ceramic bulk and thick films.

A novel and simple six-band metamaterial absorber is proposed in the terahertz region, which is composed of an I-shaped absorber and circular ring with four gaps and a continuous metal ground plane separated by only 0.125 mm polyimide dielectric substrate. Initially, I-shaped resonator gives three bands at 0.4, 0.468 and 0.4928 THz with the absorptivity of 99.3%, 97.9% and 99.1%, respectively. The purpose of this paper is to improve the number of bands, for which the authors added the circular ring with four gaps, so the simulated metamaterial absorber exhibited six absorption peaks at 0.3392, 0.3528, 0.3968, 0.4676, 0.4768 and 0.492 THz, with the absorption rate of 91.4%, 94.2%, 94.9%, 90.3%, 77.5% and 97.4%, respectively. The surface current distribution and angle independence are explained for all the six frequencies which are used to analyze the absorption mechanism clearly. Structure maximum uses the squares and circles, so it will make the fabrication easy. The multiband absorbers obtained here have potential applications in many engineering technology, thermal radiation, material detection and imaging and optoelectronic areas.

This paper presents the design of the six-band metamaterial absorber which is from the I-shaped resonator and circular ring with four gaps and the metallic ground plane separated by the 0.125 polyimide dielectric substrate. The absorber exhibited six absorption peaks at 0.3392, 0.3528, 0.3968, 0.4676, 0.4768 and 0.492 THz, with the absorption rate of 91.4%, 94.2%, 94.9%, 90.3%, 77.5% and 97.4%, respectively. From the fabrication point of view, the proposed six-band metamaterial absorber has a very simple geometrical structure, and it is very easy to be fabricated.

The authors present a new and simple design of six-band absorber based on an I-shaped absorber and circular ring with four gaps and a metallic ground plane separated by a polyimide layer having the thickness of 0.125 mm. Six different resonance absorption peaks are found at 0.3392, 0.3528, 0.3968, 0.4676 , 0.4768 and 0.492 THz. Surface current distribution and angle independence plot have been studied to understand the absorption behavior of the designed terahertz metamaterial absorber.

The multiband absorbers obtained here have potential applications in many engineering technology, thermal radiation, material detection, security, sensors, imaging and optoelectronic areas.

Modern wireless communications need novel microwave components that can be effectively used for high data rate and low-power applications. The operating environment decides the severity of the noise coupled to the transceiver system from the ambient environment. In a deep fading environment, narrowband systems fail where the wideband systems come for rescue. Thus, the microwave components are ought to switch between the narrowband and wideband states. This paper aims to study the design of a bandpass filter to meet the requirements by appropriately switching between the dual narrowband frequencies and single ultra-wideband frequency band.

The design and implementation of a compact microwave filter with reconfigurable bandwidth characteristics are presented in this paper. The proposed filter is constructed using a hexagonal ring with shorted perturbation along one corner. The filter is capacitively coupled to the external excitation source. External stubs are connected to the corners of the hexagonal resonator to obtain dual passband characteristics centred at 2.1 and 4.5 GHz. The external stubs are configured to achieve bandwidth reconfigurable characteristics. PIN diodes are used with a suitable biasing network to obtain reconfiguration. In the reconfigured state, the proposed two-port filter offers a continuous bandwidth from 2.1 to 5.9 GHz. The roll-off rate along the band edges is improved by increasing the order of the filter.

The proposed filter operates in two states. In state 1, the filter operates with dual frequencies centred around 2 and 4.5 GHz with insertion loss less than <1 dB and return loss greater than 13 dB with a peak return loss of 21 and 31 dB at 2.1 and 2.15 GHz, respectively. In state 2, the filter operates from 2.1 to 5.9 GHz with insertion loss less than 1 dB and return loss greater than 12 dB. The filter exhibits four-pole characteristics with a peak return loss greater than 22 dB. Thus, the fractional bandwidth of the proposed filter is 17% and 16% in state 1, whereas the fractional bandwidth is 95% in state 2.

The proposed filter is the first of its kind to simultaneously offer miniaturization and bandwidth reconfiguration. The proposed second-order filter has two-pole characteristics in the narrowband state, whereas four-pole characteristics are realized in the wideband state. The growing interest in 4G and 5G wireless communications makes the proposed filter a suitable candidate for operation in the rich scattering environment.

This paper aims to concentrate on research that has been conducted in the previous decade on metamaterial (MTM)-based sensors for material characterization, which includes solid dielectrics, micro fluids and biomolecules.

There has been a vast advancement in sensors based on MTM since the past few decades. MTM elements provide a sensitive response to materials while having a tiny footprint, making them an appealing alternative for realizing diverse sensing devices.

Related research papers on MTM sensors published in reputable journals were reviewed in this report, with a specific emphasis on the structure, size and nature of the materials characterized. Because electromagnetic wave interaction excites MTM structures, sensing applications around the electromagnetic spectrum are possible.

The paper contains valuable information on MTM sensor technology for material characterization, and this study also highlights the challenges and approaches that will guide future development.

This study aims to design a compact filtering monopole antenna for 5G communication. The design is most suited for various applications within the frequency range of 2.2–3.8 GHz. It offers enhanced bandwidth and reasonable gain with wide-stopband performance.

A low-pass filter (LPF) of complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) with short-circuited stub lines is integrated with a compact defected coplanar waveguide fed truncated circular monopole ultrawideband (UWB) antenna. The reference UWB antenna etched on an FR4 substrate was coupled to the designed LPF to transform the UWB antenna into a wideband antenna. The effect of coupling is analyzed based on the real and imaginary responses of the terminal impedance (ZT) curve. Three short-circuited stub lines of asymmetric lengths are added to the CSRR LPF to suppress harmonics, thereby enhancing the stopband performance and impedance matching between the elements. The proposed filtering antenna is fabricated using a photolithography process, and the corresponding results are measured using a network analyzer (N9951A). The radiation parameters of the proposed filtering monopole antenna are tested in the anechoic chamber. The simulated/measured results are compared and are found in agreement with each other.

The proposed design suppresses 6.5f0 harmonics, resulting in wide stopband performance and increased gain selectivity at the transition edge. A peak suppression of −41 dB and an average suppression of −18 dB were attained throughout the stopband. An operating fractional bandwidth of 54.5%/143% with a peak gain of 3 dBi/5 dBi was obtained. The proposed filtering antenna supports 5G applications such as WiMAX, WLAN, n7, n38 IMT-E, n30 WCS, n40 TDD, n41 TDD, n48 TDD, n78 TDD and n90 TDD.

The proposed design is novel and compact and has a wide application in 5G communication. With the filter, the antenna operates in wideband, and without the filter, it operates in UWB. Besides, it offers enhanced stopband performance with high gain selectivity at the transition edge. Comparatively, a 50% improvement in bandwidth, 52% improvement in size reduction and 33% improvement in harmonic suppression are attained.

This paper aims to present, design and implement a novel half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW)-based narrow bandpass filter, which offers advantages like low insertion loss, compact size and high selectivity. Proposed filter will be used in the K-band automotive radar application.

The filtering response in the proposed design is achieved by inserting inductive posts in the HMSIW cavity. Ansoft high frequency structure Simulator (HFSS) is used for the simulation of the proposed structure, which is a three-dimensional full-wave solver using the finite element method (FEM). The proposed filter is fabricated on the dielectric material RT duroid 5,880 with the dielectric constant ɛ_r = 2.2, dissipation factor t and = 4 × 10^–4 and height h = 0.508 mm.

Frequency tuning is also carried out by changing the lateral distance between two inductive posts. Moreover, a comparison of the proposed structure with the previously published work is presented. Proposed method provides the unique advantages such as low insertion loss, high selectivity and compact in size.

Indigenous method has been used for the development of the filter. Proposed filter will be used in transmitter subsystem of the K-band radar system operating at the center frequency of 11.2 GHz. Measurement results are well-matched with the simulated one. Obtained measured result shows return loss of 20.39 dB and insertion loss of 1.59 dB with 3 dB fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 2.58% at the center frequency of 11.2 GHz.