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Existing literature has reported a barrier list that could affect the implementation of digital transformation in higher education, yet the research question of how to identify barriers remained unanswered. Thus, this study intended to address this gap.

The research design adopted a mixed-methods approach based on the problem-centered design science research (DSR) process model for the development and evaluation of framework.

This study proposed a systematic framework of three sets of components: (1) the initial set of barriers; (2) the barrier rating scheme and (3) the barrier scoring matrix. The three-component of the framework is to identify and prioritize barriers to the successful implementation of digital transformation in higher education.

The evaluation of the framework was only based on an expert opinion.

This study provided a direction to the policymakers for designing sensible strategies to increase the chances of a successful digital transformation in higher education.

This study contributes to the knowledge body by offering a more systematic understanding of barriers to digital transformation in higher education.

This study aims to test a theoretical framework to identify and prioritize barriers in the implementation of digital transformation in higher education.

The framework was tested using the context of a particular nation: Indonesia. First, a survey questionnaire was conducted to identify the key barriers. Second, the contextual relationship between the key barriers was determined based on an expert’s input to find the importance level of barriers and the degree of difficulty to fix the barriers. Finally, a barrier priority matrix was developed to prioritize the barriers.

This study identified the key barriers in the implementation of digital transformation in higher education in Indonesia including eight contextual issues, one technical issue and two cultural issues with different levels of importance and difficulty. Based on the matrix constructed, this study also presented a list of the top 11 priorities of barriers.

The results were based on a particular region context.

This study lays the foundation for the theoretical framework that is practically useful to perform the identification and prioritization of barriers. Besides, the result discussed in this study gives some direction for policymakers in designing sensible strategies to overcome the barriers.

The main contribution of this study is an empirical study that systematically identifies and prioritizes barriers to digital transformation in higher education.