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Sequences of prices are becoming more commonplace but there is limited research on their behavioral effects. The purpose of this paper is to determine if a sequence of past prices, and particularly its variance, has a strong effect on choice. Will people pay significantly more for a seller who has a more predictable history of past prices?

Past theory is drawn upon to create predictions regarding how individuals will perceive and value past sequences of prices. One experimental study is conducted to test preference and choice based on past price sequences.

Individuals more frequently choose a vendor with past prices that fall into a predictable pattern, even when doing so results in higher future prices to be paid.

This paper not only tests notions that have anecdotal support (e.g. preference for fixed vs floating interest rates, despite the higher cost of doing so), but also demonstrates that a person ' s distaste for perceived variability is sufficiently strong so as to result in a willingness to pay 40 percent more for this predictability.

Research on knowledge creation within eSports learning is scarce. This study extends the understanding of competition-oriented collaborative learning in eSports by examining the relationship between the dynamics of knowledge creation modes and the continuum of the motivational profile, along with the moderating effects of mutualistic co-presence therein.

Participants were recruited from the community of massively multiplayer online gamers (MMOGs). Through a quantitative survey, their motivations (i.e. self-extrinsic, self-intrinsic, peer-extrinsic and peer-intrinsic motivations), knowledge creation involvements (i.e. internalization, externalization, combination and socialization) and perception of mutualistic benefit of self and peers were captured for hypothesis testing.

Significant and positive direct relationships were observed between four motivations and four knowledge creation modes. The mutualistic co-presence positively moderated the positive relationship between the self-extrinsic, peer-extrinsic and peer-intrinsic motivations and socialization. When mutualistic self-benefit were outweighed, peer-extrinsic motivated gamers became less likely to perform internalization, whereas self-extrinsic and peer-extrinsic motivated gamers were less likely to perform combination.

This study is among the first to rationalize the relationship between motivational profile and the dynamics of knowledge creation in eSports learning. The conceptualization of the new construct – mutualistic co-presence – using the ecological concept of symbiosis is uncommon in prior literature. The findings also demonstrate that the four modes of knowledge creation in eSports learning are continuous and interwoven; they can be initiated at any point and do not necessarily occur in a specific sequence.