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Article
Publication date: 30 July 2019

Huang-Jan Hsu, Shyh-Yuan Lee, Cho-Pei Jiang and Richard Lin

This study aims to compare the marginal fit, flexural strength and hardness for a ceramic premolar that is constructed using dental computer aided machining (CAM) and…

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to compare the marginal fit, flexural strength and hardness for a ceramic premolar that is constructed using dental computer aided machining (CAM) and three-dimensional slurry printing (3DSP).

Design/methodology/approach

Dental CAM and 3DSP are used to fabricate a premolar model. To reduce the fabrication time for 3DSP, a new composition of solvent-free slurry is proposed. Before it is fabricated, the dimensions of the green body for the premolar model are enlarged to account for the shrinkage ratio. A two-stage sintering process ensures accurate final dimensions for the premolar model. The surface morphology of the green body and the sintered premolars that are produced using the two methods is then determined using scanning electronic microscopy. The sintered premolars are seated on a stone model to determine the marginal gap using an optical microscope. The hardness and the flexural strength are also measured for the purpose of comparison.

Findings

The developed solvent-free slurry for 3DSP can be used to produce a premolar green body without micro-cracks or delamination. The maximal marginal gap for the sintered premolar parts that are constructed using the green bodies from dental CAM is 98.9 µm and that from 3DSP is 72 µm. Both methods produce a highly dense zirconia premolar using the same sintering conditions. The hardness value for the dental CAM group is 1238.8 HV, which is slightly higher than that for the 3DSP group (1189.4 HV) because there is a difference in the pre-processing of the initial ceramic materials. However, the flexural strength for 3DSP is 716.76 MPa, which is less than the requirement for clinical use.

Originality/value

This study verifies that 3DSP can be used to fabricate a zirconia dental restoration device that is as good as the one that is produced using the dental CAM system and which has a marginal gap that is smaller than the threshold value. The resulting premolar restoration devices that are produced by sintering the green bodies that are produced using 3DSP and dental CAM under the same conditions have a similar hardness value, which is four times greater than that of enamel. The flexural strength of 3DSP does not meet the requirement for clinical use.

Details

Rapid Prototyping Journal, vol. 25 no. 7
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1355-2546

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 31 December 2004

Richard Linning

Who started it we will never know. But from the birth of newspapers, advertisers realised that the third party endorsement of apparently independent editorial reporting delivered…

Abstract

Who started it we will never know. But from the birth of newspapers, advertisers realised that the third party endorsement of apparently independent editorial reporting delivered their message more cheaply – and arguably more credibly – than paid advertising. Thus in the 17th century the publicist was born to service “the fellow who cannot lye sufficiently himself [who] gets one of these to do’t for him”. Any history of public relations is a running commentary on the techniques used to deliver third party endorsement as the media has evolved: from Ivy Lee’s simple packaging of information approach, through Bernays’ “engineering consent”, to today’s use of bloggers on the web or the more sophisticated “journo lobbying”, it is a record of how practitioners deliver public relations’ unique selling proposition, the plausible deniability which is third party endorsement.

Details

Journal of Communication Management, vol. 9 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1363-254X

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 September 2008

Masa Noguchi and Darragh Collins

Today, Japanese housing manufacturers compete to produce net zero-energy-cost houses that are usually equipped with some renewable energy technologies-e.g. a solar photovoltaic…

Abstract

Today, Japanese housing manufacturers compete to produce net zero-energy-cost houses that are usually equipped with some renewable energy technologies-e.g. a solar photovoltaic electric power generating system, a CO2 refrigerant heat-pump water heater and a combined heat and power system. Interestingly, the manufacturers tend to install these costly renewable technologies as standard equipment rather than options. To initiate and maintenance the sales of their environmentally-friendly houses, the manufacturers bring into effect their quality-oriented production and user-oriented communication approaches. The manufacturers' way to commercialise their industrialised housing to some extent reflects their high cost-performance marketing strategy. This paper somewhat reflects the learning outcomes of the Zero-carbon PV Mass Custom Home Technical Mission to Japan that the first author organised in 2006 and 2007. It is aimed at identifying the manufacturers' essential commercialisation strategies being applied for the niche-marketing of their net zero-energy-cost housing.

Details

Open House International, vol. 33 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0168-2601

Keywords

Content available
Article
Publication date: 25 January 2008

Guijun Lin and Richard Li-Hua

2175

Abstract

Details

Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies, vol. 1 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1754-4408

Article
Publication date: 1 March 1998

John O’Connor

Evaluates changes in the welfare system in Sweden, the UK and the USA over a decade, basing arguments on the divergence of economic globalization and domestic forces. Presents…

3538

Abstract

Evaluates changes in the welfare system in Sweden, the UK and the USA over a decade, basing arguments on the divergence of economic globalization and domestic forces. Presents brief economic snapshots of each country, stating quite categorically that the welfare state is an impediment to capitalist profit‐making, hence all three nations have retrenched welfare systems in the hope of remaining globally economically competitive. Lays the responsibility for retrenchment firmly at the door of conservative political parties. Takes into account public opinion, national institutional structures, multiculturalism and class issues. Explores domestic structures of accumulation (DSA) and refers to changes in the international economy, particularly the Bretton Woods system (Pax Americana), and notes how the economic health of nations mirrors that of the US. Investigates the roles of multinationals and direct foreign investment in the global economy, returning to how economic policy affects the welfare state. Points out the changes made to the welfare state through privatization, decentralization and modification of public sector financing. Concludes that the main result has been an increase in earnings inequality and poverty.

Details

International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, vol. 18 no. 2/3/4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0144-333X

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 26 April 2011

Lin Lu, Fan Zhou and Kwok Leung

Although the negative consequences of conflict in work settings have long been recognized, it is only in recent years that researchers have examined its positive effects, and the…

8466

Abstract

Purpose

Although the negative consequences of conflict in work settings have long been recognized, it is only in recent years that researchers have examined its positive effects, and the majority of this research has been conducted at the group level. This paper aims to examine the positive effects of conflict on individual work behaviors by differentiating between task and relationship conflicts, as well as the moderating influence of two contextual variables.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey was conducted with 166 pairs of supervisors and subordinates in China.

Findings

Results supported the hypotheses that task conflict is positively related to both innovative behaviors and knowledge sharing behaviors while relationship conflict is negatively related to both individual‐directed organizational citizenship and knowledge sharing behaviors. Support for innovation and reward system for relationship‐building functioned as contextual factors to moderate the relationships between task and relationship conflicts and the workplace behaviors studied.

Originality/value

The hypotheses proposed and most of the findings are original.

Details

International Journal of Conflict Management, vol. 22 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1044-4068

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 April 1996

ATUL K. SHAH

For many years, the banking industry has required close supervision owing to its central yet delicate role in economic life. In a short time, the business has moved from a local…

Abstract

For many years, the banking industry has required close supervision owing to its central yet delicate role in economic life. In a short time, the business has moved from a local, country‐based jurisdiction to a global arena, on a massive scale. This development has forced regulation to adopt an international perspective, to keep in step with the commercial developments. This paper analyses this move from local to global regulation of banking, finding that the efforts seem to be reactive rather than proactive. In addition, the regulatory endeavours have become enmeshed in international economic competition, and sophisticated regulatory arbitrage is being conducted on a global playing field. Thus, regulatory objectives and standards are being increasingly compromised or subverted. Paradoxically, just as the banking business is becoming increasingly risky and scandalous, regulation is becoming weaker, posing serious challenges to the future of the world economy and society.

Details

Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance, vol. 4 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1358-1988

Article
Publication date: 1 December 2001

Yan He and Fu Long

Attempts to establish a decision‐making model by which multinational enterprises (MNEs) front‐end financial target can be evaluated and determined. Explains and defines the…

Abstract

Attempts to establish a decision‐making model by which multinational enterprises (MNEs) front‐end financial target can be evaluated and determined. Explains and defines the financial range. Identifies their strategic concerns in order to do this. Continues by exploring the pattern of front‐end financial target variation and the process of its determination, constructing an international joint venture investment supply‐demand model. Elaborates upon how contingency factors in international operations exert direct impact on this matter and gives some considerations for future research.

Details

Management Research News, vol. 24 no. 12
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0140-9174

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 April 1963

A.V. Stephens

ORIGINS THE Department of Aeronautical Engineer‐ing at The Queen's University was founded primarily to stimulate the flow of local talent into the aircraft industry of Northern…

Abstract

ORIGINS THE Department of Aeronautical Engineer‐ing at The Queen's University was founded primarily to stimulate the flow of local talent into the aircraft industry of Northern Ireland. With the transfer of the whole of the resources of Short Brothers and Harland to Belfast in 1947 and their subsequent development, the aircraft industry had come to represent a considerable fraction of the engineering effort of the Province. It was thus to be expected that the only University in Northern Ireland should concern itself with the special needs of this exacting branch of engineering. The University had long had a School of Engineering forming part of a Faculty of Applied Science and Technology. The engineering disciplines were civil, mechanical and electrical, and the mechanical courses in particular had been adapted to some extent to meet aeronautical needs. But it was only natural that there remained a demand for a separate department, providing a degree course devised specifically for aeronautical engineers. In the event the Department of Aeronautical Engineering was established in 1956, after close consultation with Short Brothers and Harland, who have given it both generous support and willing co‐operation ever since.

Details

Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, vol. 35 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0002-2667

Article
Publication date: 17 February 2021

Shizhen Wang and David Hartzell

This paper aims to examine real estate price volatility in Hong Kong. Monthly data on housing, offices, retail and factories in Hong Kong were analyzed from February 1993 to…

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to examine real estate price volatility in Hong Kong. Monthly data on housing, offices, retail and factories in Hong Kong were analyzed from February 1993 to February 2019 to test whether volatility clusters are present in the real estate market. Real estate price determinants were also investigated.

Design/methodology/approach

Autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity–Lagrange multiplier test is used to examine the volatility clustering effects in these four kinds of real estate. An autoregressive and moving average model–generalized auto regressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model was used to identify real estate price volatility determinants in Hong Kong.

Findings

There was volatility clustering in all four kinds of real estate. Determinants of price volatility vary among different types of real estate. In general, housing volatility in Hong Kong is influenced primarily by the foreign exchange rate (both RMB and USD), whereas commercial real estate is largely influenced by unemployment. The results of the exponential GARCH model show that there were no asymmetric effects in the Hong Kong real estate market.

Research limitations/implications

This volatility pattern has important implications for investors and policymakers. Residential and commercial real estate have different volatility determinants; investors may benefit from this when building a portfolio. The analysis and results are limited by the lack of data on real estate price determinants.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first study that evaluates volatility in the Hong Kong real estate market using the GARCH class model. Also, this paper is the first to investigate commercial real estate price determinants.

Details

International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis, vol. 15 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1753-8270

Keywords

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