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The Loi Royer, intended to restrict the development of hypermarkets in France, received a great deal of publicity when it was passed in 1973. What is not so widely known is that West Germany also has its planning restrictions, notably para 11 of the Regulation on the Use of Buildings. This was amended last October and is regarded by some as providing local authorities with clearer guidelines than had existed previously. But with superstores claiming 12½ of total retail food sales in West Germany in 1977, others regard the restrictions as a case of “closing the stable door after the horse has bolted”. This article is based on information forming part of the report on issues in retailing prepared by Richard Evely for the Anglo‐German Foundation

The Clyde Centre, with over 33,000 sq metres of shopping space, was opened in October 1978. Its tenants include Fine Fare, Safeway, BHS, Boots and the Co‐op. How has the Centre fared during its first year? Three shopper‐interview surveys over the period indicate that the £20m investment was well worth it.

Almost every consumer has many experiences of sales promotion and different stereotypes of it. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the model of sales promotion stereotype content (model of SPSC) and its perception differences among groups.

Drawing on the methods testifying stereotype content model and mixed stereotype proposed by Fiske et al. (2002), the authors decomposed the SPSC model into two dimensions, namely, the profitability and authenticity of sales promotion, and developed a multidimensional scale for profitability and authenticity. Then a survey that examined 765 participants was conducted to test the reliability of profitability and authenticity as the two primary dimensions of the model of SPSC and perception differences among consumer groups.

The model which consists of two dimensions, authenticity and profitability, was shown to be reliable and valid. Furthermore, the authors find that the profitability and the authenticity reflect consumers' evaluation (perception) of an enterprise's intention and its ability to enact the intention of sales promotion. In addition, mixed stereotypes of promotion can also explain consumers' entanglement when making promotion decisions.

This paper fills the gap in the existing literature of which the single dimension stereotype of sales promotion by the model of SPSC. In addition, the results show that consumers' stereotype of promotion varied in demographics and psychographic characteristics. Furthermore, this paper provides a basis for exploring the social stereotypes of specific things and related marketing activities.