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The purpose of this paper is to describe the results of a combined numerical and experimental study into the ability of supersonic particle deposition (SPD) to restore the load carrying capacity of rib stiffened wing planks with simulated stress corrosion cracking (SCC).

In this context the experimental results reveal that SCC can result in a dramatic reduction in the load carrying capacity of the structure and catastrophic failure via cracking that tears the length of the structure through buckling. A combined numerical and experimental study then reveals how this reduction, in the load carrying capacity can be overcome by using SPD.

This paper is the first to show that SPD can be used to restore the load carrying capacity of rib stiffened structures with SCC. It also shows that SPD repairs can be designed to have only a minimal effect on the local stiffness and hence on the load path. However, care should be taken to ensure that the design is such that premature failure of the SPD does not occur.

This is the first paper to show that a thin layer of SPD deposited 7,075 aluminium alloy powder on either side of the SCC-simulated stiffener has the potential to restore the load carrying capability of a rib stiffened structure. As such it represents an important first step into establishing the potential for SPD to restore the buckling strength of rib stiffened wing panels containing SCC.

Comedy actors Griff Rhys Jones and Mel Smith have teamed up with ASH (Action on Smoking and Health) to take the heat out of smoking at work. In Fags they play two smokers talking about how to solve this “passive smoking thing”. After their hilarious discussion they conclude that the only way is to formulate a policy on smoking. The video is accompanied by a set of discussion notes guiding the viewer through the points raised. Details of purchase and hire facilities are available from ASH, 5–11 Mortimer Street, London W1N 7RH. Tel: 071–637 9843.

For far too long British executives abroad have expected their European counterparts to speak fluent English. This is, I believe, the legacy of the time when Britain's goods were sought over the entire world. The end of that seller's market had arrived by the turn of the century and certainly by the first world war. And yet, even with Britain's entry into the Common Market looming ahead, many companies are still sending to the Continent executives who have had no formal training in any language since leaving school: they do not speak or write any foreign language at all.

The first four British Aerospace Hawk Mk65 advanced jet trainers delivered to the Royal Saudi Air Force arrived in Saudi Arabia on October 13 after a 3,000nm ferry flight from British Aerospace's Dunsfold aerodrome in Surrey. The aircraft made only one overnight refuelling stop in Athens on their way to Saudi Arabia. They will be used by the Royal Saudi Air Force for advanced aircrew training as part of a syllabus which includes basic training on the Pilatus PC‐9 turboprop trainer.

It is necessary and useful to differentiate destructive from constructive conflict and avoidable from necessary claims; and also to minimize disputes arising from unresolved conflict and claims in construction projects. This paper analyses such needs and proposes means of meeting them through an appropriate classification of construction claims; an estimation of their relative significance in terms of magnitude and frequency; and an identification of the proximate and root causes of the significant claims. A hierarchy of such claims, proximate and root causes is presented, based mainly on data collected from 61 projects and on 46 responses to questionnaires in Hong Kong. Measures of the relative significance of the claims categories are also presented. The results are reinforced by observations from parallel studies in Hong Kong and elsewhere, as well as from the literature. Strategies are suggested to avoid the avoidable and mitigate the unavoidable or unavoided claims, through controlling the controllable causes. Management focus is also recommended on controlling the causes of those categories of claims and disputes that are seen to be significant in terms of higher impact and/or probability of occurrence.

Indigenous health workforce development has been identified as a key strategy to improve Indigenous health and reduce ethnic inequities in health outcomes. Likewise, development of a culturally safe and culturally competent non-Indigenous health workforce must also occur if the elimination of health inequities is to be fully realised. Tertiary education providers responsible for training health professionals must face the challenge of engaging the Indigenous learner within health sciences, exposing the ‘hidden curriculum’ that undermines professional Indigenous health learning and ensuring tertiary success for Indigenous students within their academy. This chapter summarises recent developments, research and interventions within the Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences at the University of Auckland that aims to address these challenges by re-presenting Indigenous student recruitment, selection and support, re-presenting bridging/foundation education and representing Māori health teaching and learning within the curriculum.

This paper aims to evaluate current environmental management systems as indicators of the environmental performance of an organisation.

It considers, in particular, the development of current environmental management systems BS EN ISO 14001:1996 and the eco‐management and audit scheme (EMAS) 761/2001 EEC.

Currently, organisations implementing either BS EN ISO 14000:1996 or EMAS do not need to comment on overall environmental performance. Environmental management is viewed as the control of all human activities that have significant impact on the environment. Neither standard comments on the degree of control exercised, the approach taken, or the effectiveness of that control.

Environmental performance evaluation guidelines are appraised, and quality awards as a conceptual framework for classification of environmental performance are introduced.

Natural Fats.—It is important to bear in mind that there is an acute shortage of fats throughout the world. Most of the great sources of tropical fats, palm oil, copra and ground nut oil, are still producing much smaller quantities than before the war, partly because a lack of consumer goods makes the natives disinclined to collect raw material, partly because it takes a long time to rebuild a complicated industry and trade that was wrecked in many areas to a large extent by the upheaval of the war. Other sources of raw fats that were available to us before the war have dried up entirely, so far as we are concerned. India no longer exports edible oils. But, even if these sources of fat were as productive now as they were before the war there would still be a big world shortage, so great has become the demand for fats. As I see the problem, the only real solution, although it necessitates taking a very long‐range view, is rapidly to push ahead with the development of ambitious undertakings in the tropical belt of the world, similar in character to the ground‐nut scheme that our Government has had the courage and initiative to launch. The potential productivity of the vast tropical belt is prodigious, if the enormous tasks of dealing with disease, infestation, sanitation, fertilisation and land conservation can be successfully tackled, as I am confident the pioneer experimental attack in East Africa will demonstrate. Such developments will provide not only the fat so greatly needed for human use but enormous quantities of animal feeding stuffs with which to increase the production of bacon, meat, poultry, milk, butter and cheese. But, as I have remarked, this is a long‐range view. It will be asked whether there is any alternative likely to bring about an increase in. the supply of fats during the next two or three years. There is a possibility that there may be a steady, if slow, improvement. The supply of tropical fats will, I think, tend to get a little better as conditions in the producing areas gradually return to what they were before the war, and there is also the hope, perhaps a rather slender one, that food for livestock will not be as restricted in the next year or two as it has been. Production of whale oil is also on the up‐grade. So much, then, for the supply of ordinary natural fats, but, as we should consider every possible approach to the problem, passing reference should be made to other potential sources of supplies. There are two directions in which much exploration has been undertaken. In both the Germans were the pioneers.

The purpose of this paper is to offer a rationale for the epistemological and ontological development of total quality management (TQM) utilising action modalities. The ability to harness and transfer knowledge is a key attribute of research‐led universities, and a factor which is able to bring education and industry into cooperative relationships. However, Imai views that there is a tendency to place too much emphasis on teaching knowledge, whilst disregarding group learning of fundamental values, established through gemba kaizen and through the learning organisation.

Established through the results of a survey of 50 manufacturing companies in the UAE, and based on the andragogical learning concept in both solving a problem and generating new knowledge, this paper investigates a conceptual basis for action learning. The paper offers a rationale for the epistemological and ontological development of total quality management (TQM) utilising action modalities. This reflects the underpinning philosophy of TQM toward the continuous improvement in quality of the organisations' processes, people, products, and services.

The findings of the construct of andragogical gemba establish the robustness of the methodological move from pedagogy to andragogy. The applicability of andragogical gemba being underpinned by the required interaction of democracy and collaboration. The survey of UAE SMEs confirms a lack of engagement within this concept, and recommendations are given to support development.

The paper has been developed within Dubai's socio economic mix, Dubai being a constituent Emirate within a Country where expatriates form approximately 93 per cent of the total workforce population. The transient nature of the workforce produces pressures on the learning organisation, and the context of knowledge transfer and creation.