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Purpose – This chapter analyses the socio-economic development of the Muslim community in Kelantan through the establishment of the Bazar Wakaf Rakyat (People’s Waqf Bazar).

Methodology/approach – A qualitative method of data acquisition through interviews. Among the informants interviewed were the authority of waqf matter, the tenants of Bazar Wakaf Rakyat X, the tenants of Bazar Wakaf Y, the committee members of mosque X and local people in Kelantan.

Findings – The research indicates that the Bazar Wakaf Rakyat plays a role in enhancing the economic and spiritual development of the Kelantanese people. Economic development occurs through affordable rental rates, job opportunities, the construction of Bazar Wakaf Rakyat in strategic locations and the types of products being sold. The Bazar Wakaf Rakyat built inside the mosque compound also plays a part in spiritual development.

Originality/value – This chapter is the first to discuss issues relating to Bazar Wakaf Rakyat in Kelantan.

Purpose – This chapter investigates the role of infrastructure aid to developing countries for determining the effect on national income and consumer welfare. The chapter further demonstrates the conditions for the Dutch disease effect by decomposing the output effects of infrastructure aid into the initial factor-saving effect, factor-substitution effect and nontraded good effect.

Methodology/approach – This chapter extends the Heckscher−Ohlin model to a 3×2 case with two traded goods and a nontraded good, and derives comparative static results on factor prices, the price of nontraded goods, foreign exchange rate, sectoral outputs, and national income and consumer welfare.

Findings – It is shown that for a recipient country, infrastructure aid to either the export or import sector necessarily raises national income and consumer welfare, whereas the same aid to the nontraded good sector does not affect national income but raises consumer welfare. Infrastructure aid may lead to a Dutch disease effect via its three effects on industrial outputs: the initial factor-saving effect, factor-substitution effect and nontraded good effect.

Research limitations/implications – This chapter considers infrastructure capital as a public input, but it is devoid of analysis of inter-industrial spillover effects that the infrastructure capital generates to other sectors.

Practical implications – This chapter reveals several aspects of infrastructure aid that the practitioners of aids must consider.

This chapter examines the impact of urban development through the government provision of public inputs in a developing economy. When a financing constraint is taken into account, an increase in public inputs may worsen urban unemployment and hence reduce welfare of the economy. Further, the optimal level of public-input provision is larger (smaller) than that under full employment, if there exits a positive (negative) employment effect. The theoretical results are confirmed by numerical simulations.

The aim of this study is to determine whether Tunisia could expect an increase in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) flows in response to the establishment of a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with the European Union (EU). While the conditions necessary to stimulate the flow of FDI have received considerable attention from economists in recent years, the relationship between trade policy and FDI has not been the subject of in-depth research. The study finds that the partnership agreement between Tunisia and the EU can play a catalytic role in increasing not only the openness of the Tunisian economy, but, subsequently, increasing FDI to Tunisia.

Homelessness has many causes and also is stigmatized in the United States, leading to much misunderstanding of its causes and what policy solutions may ameliorate the problem. The problem is of course getting worse and impacting many communities far removed from the West Coast cities the authors examine in this study. This analysis examines the socioeconomic variables influencing homelessness on the West Coast in recent years. The authors utilize a panel fixed effects model that explicitly includes measures of healthcare access and availability to account for the additional health risks faced by individuals who lack shelter. The authors estimate a spatial error model (SEM) in order to better understand the impacts that systemic shocks, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, have on a variety of factors that directly influence productivity and other measures of welfare such as income inequality, housing supply, healthcare investment, and homelessness.