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Article
Publication date: 15 April 2020

ZiJian Tian, XiaoWei Gong, FangYuan He, JiaLuan He and XuQi Wang

To solve the problem that the traditional received signal strength indicator real-time location method does not test the attenuation characteristics of the electromagnetic wave…

Abstract

Purpose

To solve the problem that the traditional received signal strength indicator real-time location method does not test the attenuation characteristics of the electromagnetic wave transmission in the location area, which cannot guarantee the accuracy of the location, resulting in a large location error.

Design/methodology/approach

At present, the compressed sensing (CS) reconstruction algorithm can be roughly divided into the following two categories (Zhouzhou and Fubao, 2014; Lagunas et al., 2016): one is the greedy iterative algorithm proposed for combinatorial optimization problems, which includes matching pursuit algorithm (MP), positive cross matching tracking algorithm (OMP), greedy matching tracking algorithm, segmented orthogonal matching tracking algorithm (StOMP) and so on. The second kind is the convex optimization algorithm, which also called the optimization approximation method. The common method is the basic tracking algorithm, which uses the norm instead of the norm to solve the optimization problem. In this paper, based on the piecewise orthogonal MP algorithm, the improved StOMP reconstruction algorithm is obtained.

Findings

In this paper, the MP algorithm (OMP), the StOMP and the improved StOMP algorithm are used as simulation reconstruction algorithms to achieve the comparison of location performance. It can be seen that the estimated position of the target is very close to the original position of the target. It is concluded that the CS grid-based target stepwise location method in underground tunnel can accurately locate the target in such specific region.

Originality/value

In this paper, the offline fingerprint database in offline phase of location method is established and the measurement of the electromagnetic noise distribution in different localization areas is considered. Furthermore, the offline phase shares the work of the location process, which greatly reduces the algorithm complexity of the online phase location process and the power consumption of the reference node, meanwhile is easy to implement under the same conditions, as well as conforms to the location environment.

Details

Sensor Review, vol. 40 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0260-2288

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 August 2016

Chien-Hsing Chen and Ming-Chih Chen

The purpose of this paper is to present a novel position estimation method to accurately locate an object. An accelerometer-based error correction method is also developed to…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present a novel position estimation method to accurately locate an object. An accelerometer-based error correction method is also developed to correct the positioning error caused by signal drift of a wireless network. Finally, the method is also utilized to locate cows in a farm for monitoring the action of standing heat.

Design/methodology/approach

The proposed method adopts the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) of a wireless sensor network (WSN) to compute the position of an object. The RSSI signal can be submitted from an endpoint device. A complex environment destabilizes the RSSI value, making the position estimation inaccurate. Therefore, a three-axial accelerometer is adopted to correct the position estimation accuracy. Timer and acceleration are two major factors in computing the error correction value to adjust the position estimate.

Findings

The proposed method is tested on a farm management system for positioning dairy cows accurately. Devices with WSN module and three-axial accelerometer are mounted on the cows to monitor their positions and actions.

Research limitations/implications

If cows in a crowded farm are close to each other, then the position estimation method is unable to position each cow correctly because too many close objects cause interference in the wireless network.

Practical implications

Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method improves the position accuracy, and monitor the heat action of the cows effectively.

Originality/value

No position estimation method has been utilized to locate cows in a farm, especially for monitoring their actions via WSN and accelerometer. The proposed method adopts an accelerometer to efficiently improve the position error caused from the signal drift of WSN.

Details

Engineering Computations, vol. 33 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0264-4401

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 26 November 2020

N.V. Brindha and V.S. Meenakshi

Any node in a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) can act as a host or router at any time and so, the nodes in the MANET are vulnerable to many types of attacks. Sybil attack is one of…

Abstract

Purpose

Any node in a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) can act as a host or router at any time and so, the nodes in the MANET are vulnerable to many types of attacks. Sybil attack is one of the harmful attacks in the MANET, which produces fake identities similar to legitimate nodes in the network. It is a serious threat to the MANET when a malicious node uses the fake identities to enter the network illegally.

Design/methodology/approach

A MANET is an independent collection of mobile nodes that form a temporary or arbitrary network without any fixed infrastructure. The nodes in the MANET lack centralized administration to manage the network and change their links to other devices frequently.

Findings

So for securing a MANET, an approach based on biometric authentication can be used. The multimodal biometric technology has been providing some more potential solutions for the user to be able to devise an authentication in MANETs of high security.

Research limitations/implications

The Sybil detection approach, which is based on the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) variations, permits the node to be able to verify the authenticity of communicating nodes in accordance with their localizations.

Practical implications

As the MANET node suffers from a low level of memory and power of computation, there is a novel technique of feature extraction that is proposed for the multimodal biometrics that makes use of palm prints that are based on a charge-coupled device and fingerprints, along with the features that are fused.

Social implications

This paper proposes an RSSI-based multimodal biometric solution to detect Sybil attack in MANETs.

Originality/value

The results of the experiment have indicated that this method has achieved a performance which is better compared to that of the other methods.

Details

International Journal of Intelligent Unmanned Systems, vol. 10 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2049-6427

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 17 June 2022

Adumbabu I. and K. Selvakumar

Localization of the nodes is crucial for gaining access of different nodes which would provision in extreme areas where networks are unreachable. The feature of localization of…

Abstract

Purpose

Localization of the nodes is crucial for gaining access of different nodes which would provision in extreme areas where networks are unreachable. The feature of localization of nodes has become a significant study where multiple features on distance model are implicated on predictive and heuristic model for each set of localization parameters that govern the design on energy minimization with proposed adaptive threshold gradient feature (ATGF) model. A received signal strength indicator (RSSI) model with node estimated features is implicated with localization problem and enhanced with hybrid cumulative approach (HCA) algorithm for node optimizations with distance predicting.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a theoretical or empirical signal propagation model, the RSSI (known transmitting power) is converted to distance, the received power (measured at the receiving node) is converted to distance and the distance is converted to RSSI (known receiving power). As a result, the approximate distance between the transceiver node and the receiver may be determined by measuring the intensity of the received signal. After acquiring information on the distance between the anchor node and the unknown node, the location of the unknown node may be determined using either the trilateral technique or the maximum probability estimate approach, depending on the circumstances using federated learning.

Findings

Improvisation of localization for wireless sensor network has become one of the prime design features for estimating the different conditional changes externally and internally. One such feature of improvement is observed in this paper, via HCA where each feature of localization is depicted with machine learning algorithms imparting the energy reduction problem for each newer localized nodes in Section 5. All affected parametric features on energy levels and localization problem for newer and extinct nodes are implicated with hybrid cumulative approach as in Section 4. The proposed algorithm (HCA with AGTF) has implicated with significant change in energy levels of nodes which are generated newly and which are non-active for a stipulated time which are mentioned and tabulated in figures and tables in Section 6.

Originality/value

Localization of the nodes is crucial for gaining access of different nodes which would provision in extreme areas where networks are unreachable. The feature of localization of nodes has become a significant study where multiple features on distance model are implicated on predictive and heuristic model for each set of localization parameters that govern the design on energy minimization with proposed ATGF model. An RSSI model with node estimated features is implicated with localization problem and enhanced with HCA algorithm for node optimizations with distance predicting.

Details

International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1742-7371

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 6 June 2008

Ranganathan Vidhyapriya and Ponnusamy Thangapandian Vanathi

The purpose of this paper is to explore grid‐based routing in wireless sensor networks and to compare the energy available in the network over time for different grid sizes.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore grid‐based routing in wireless sensor networks and to compare the energy available in the network over time for different grid sizes.

Design/methodology/approach

The test area is divided into square‐shaped grids of certain length. Energized nodes are placed randomly in the terrain area with the sink node in a fixed position. One node per grid is elected as the leader node based on the highest energy level and the proximity to the centre of the grid. The sink node floods the network to identify a path from sink to source. The path from the sink to the source through the leader nodes are computed using three different methods: shortest path; leader nodes which have the highest energy; and leader nodes based on their received signal strength (RSS) indicator values. After the path is computed, transmission of data is continued until the leader nodes run out of energy. New leader nodes are then elected using the same mechanism to replace the depleted ones.

Findings

Identified the optimal grid size to minimize the energy consumption in sensor networks and to extend the network lifetime. Also proposed is a new routing protocol which identifies routes based on energy threshold and RSS threshold.

Research limitations/implications

The use of RSS threshold is identified to be the good metric for path selection in routing the data between source and the sink.

Practical implications

Simulator software and the protocol developed can be used for in optimizing energy efficiency in sensor networks.

Originality/value

This work contributes to the discussion on uniform and non‐uniform grid sizes and emphasizes a new method for reducing the energy consumption by identifying an optimum grid size. It also utilizes bursty data for simulation.

Details

International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics, vol. 1 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1756-378X

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 3 September 2018

Kalpna Guleria and Anil Kumar Verma

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have emerged as one of the most promising technology in our day-to-day life. Limited network lifetime and higher energy consumption are two most…

169

Abstract

Purpose

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have emerged as one of the most promising technology in our day-to-day life. Limited network lifetime and higher energy consumption are two most critical issues in WSNs. The purpose of this paper is to propose an energy-efficient load balanced cluster-based routing protocol using ant colony optimization (LB-CR-ACO) which ultimately results in enhancement of the network lifetime of WSNs.

Design/methodology/approach

The proposed protocol performs optimal clustering based on cluster head selection weighing function which leads to novel cluster head selection. The cluster formation uses various parameters which are remaining energy of the nodes, received signal strength indicator (RSSI), node density and number of load-balanced node connections. Priority weights are also assigned among these metrics. The cluster head with the highest probability will be selected as an optimal cluster head for a particular round. LB-CR-ACO also performs a dynamic selection of optimal cluster head periodically which conserves energy, thereby using network resources in an efficient and balanced manner. ACO is used in steady state phase for multi-hop data transfer.

Findings

It has been observed through simulation that LB-CR-ACO protocol exhibits better performance for network lifetime in sparse, medium and dense WSN deployments than its peer protocols.

Originality/value

The proposed paper provides a unique energy-efficient LB-CR-ACO for WSNs. LB-CR-ACO performs novel cluster head selection using optimal clustering and multi-hop routing which utilizes ACO. The proposed work results in achieving higher network lifetime than its peer protocols.

Details

International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications, vol. 14 no. 3/4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1742-7371

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 31 December 2007

I‐Shyan Hwang and Chien‐An Chen

Wireless local area networks (WLANs) are the predominant option for broadband wireless access network, and multiple access points (APs) will be much more available for wireless…

Abstract

Purpose

Wireless local area networks (WLANs) are the predominant option for broadband wireless access network, and multiple access points (APs) will be much more available for wireless stations (WSTAs). Call admission control (CAC) on AP selection problem over 802.11 WLAN is a critical issue. In the existing architecture, strongest‐signal‐first is the default AP selection mechanism in 802.11 WLAN which uses the single criterion, received signal strength indicator, to select AP. However, this method suffers from bandwidth deficiency and unbalanced load among APs due to the uneven distribution of user load, thus degrading the system throughput. Instead, the purpose of this paper is to propose a multi‐criteria CAC on AP selection algorithms.

Design/methodology/approach

The distributed multi‐criteria considered in order are RSSI, minimum required bandwidth of WSTA, estimated effective bandwidth (EEB) and AP‐WSTA distance. A semiMarkov model considering both packet retransmission limit, packet error rate and collision effect is proposed to predict the system throughput and validated through simulation results. Two multi‐criteria AP selection algorithms after EEB is evaluated are proposed and compared based on this analytical model.

Findings

The proposed algorithms outperform the traditional SSF algorithm in terms of the balance index for AP and the average system throughput.

Originality/valve

The paper presents performance analysis for multi‐criteria CAC for distributed access point selection in WLANs.

Details

International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications, vol. 3 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1742-7371

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 13 April 2012

Saiedeh N. Razavi, Ali Montaser and Osama Moselhi

Location awareness is essential to decisions pertinent to tracking and progress reporting, as well as to safety in construction projects. However, these applications have been…

Abstract

Purpose

Location awareness is essential to decisions pertinent to tracking and progress reporting, as well as to safety in construction projects. However, these applications have been mostly limited to the outdoor environment, where satellites for positioning information are in view. Recent studies on indoor location sensing systems are now overcoming this limitation and offering significant potential on construction practices, and radio frequency identification (RFID) is the most widely utilised technology for such application. The purpose of this paper is to address a wide range of protocols that are vital for RFID deployment for indoor construction. The paper identifies deployment settings to provide data acquisition with higher accuracy for indoor location sensing in construction.

Design/methodology/approach

A computational platform was designed to assess and evaluate the most suitable condition related to deployment of reference tags in construction. In this platform, a number of protocols and parameters are presented and their performance is evaluated. The evaluation scenarios were performed on a construction facility in Montreal, as well as in a controlled lab environment. The computational platform used for the study comprises the use of passive reference RFID tags and K Nearest Neighbour algorithm (K‐NN) for course‐grained detection of target's location and its classification into pre‐defined zone areas.

Findings

The studies resulted in a number of observations, findings, and lessons learned for RFID deployment in construction. The results indicate that: the speed of the reader is in direct relationship with the detection error rate; zone configuration effectiveness is in direct relationship with the deployed RFID read‐range; error rate on the controlled environment is significantly lower than rates in construction site; and stationary reader performs better than moving reader.

Originality/value

The paper's findings are expected to be of considerable value to researchers and practitioners involved in the utilisation of RFID technology in construction. The paper provides a set of helpful protocols for the deployment of passive RFIDs for automated onsite management of construction operations.

Article
Publication date: 15 June 2010

Liu Zhen, Ding Mingli and Wang Qi

The purpose of this paper is to describe a low‐cost mobile robot localization and navigation system based on wireless sensor network (WSN). This can be used in extreme…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to describe a low‐cost mobile robot localization and navigation system based on wireless sensor network (WSN). This can be used in extreme environments such as mines, hostile areas, and other places where static nodes cannot be deployed directly.

Design/methodology/approach

The distance between robot and beacon nodes is estimated by received signal strength indicator (RSSI). The adaptive Kalman filter algorithm is used to eliminate noise from the RSSI signal. Then, the paper gets the mobile robot's status information which includes position, velocity, and acceleration. In order to improve the real‐time performance of systems and reduce the computation overhead of robot's CPU, the paper chooses a beacon node by some certain rules to implement the localization program. The robot and beacon nodes use the CC2430 as the communication and data‐processing unit.

Findings

The experiment shows it has the characteristics of good position precision, is easily realized, and inexpensive.

Research limitations/implications

That the system needs so many beacon nodes, is the main limitation.

Practical implications

A very useful and low‐cost method for mobile robot localization and navigation.

Originality/value

The innovative aspect of the paper is that it attempts an analysis of the localization system based on WSN, by attempting to analyze and explain the model of localization system which includes robot and beacon nodes.

Details

Kybernetes, vol. 39 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0368-492X

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 16 March 2021

Zhiheng Zhao, Ray Y. Zhong, Yong-Hong Kuo, Yelin Fu and G.Q. Huang

Physical gatherings at social events have been found as one of the main causes of COVID-19 transmission all over the world. Smartphone has been used for contact tracing by…

Abstract

Purpose

Physical gatherings at social events have been found as one of the main causes of COVID-19 transmission all over the world. Smartphone has been used for contact tracing by exchanging messages through Bluetooth signals. However, recent confirmed cases found in venues indicated that indirect transmission of the causative virus occurred, resulting from virus contamination of common objects, virus aerosolization in a confined space or spread from inadequate ventilation environment with no indication of human direct or close contact observed.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper presents a novel cyber-physical architecture for spatial temporal analytics (iGather for short). Locations with time windows are modeled as digital chromosomes in cyberspace to represent human activity instances in the physical world.

Findings

Results show that the high spatial temporal correlated but indirect tracing can be realized through the deployment of physical hardware and spatial temporal analytics including mobility and traceability analytics. iGather is tested and verified in different spatial temporal correlated cases. From a management perspective of mobilizing social capacity, the venue plays not only a promotion role in boosting the utilization rates but also a supervision-assisted role for keeping the venue in a safe and healthy situation.

Social implications

This research is of particular significance when physical distancing measures are being relaxed with situations gradually become contained. iGather is able to help the general public to ease open questions: Is a venue safe enough? Is there anyone at a gathering at risk? What should one do when someone gets infected without raising privacy issues?

Originality/value

This study contributes to the existing literature by cyber-physical spatial temporal analytics to trace COVID-19 indirect contacts through digital chromosome, a representation of digital twin technology. Also, the authors have proposed a venue-oriented management perspective to resolve privacy-preserving and unitization rate concerns.

Details

Industrial Management & Data Systems, vol. 121 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0263-5577

Keywords

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