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The purpose of this study is to explore, understand and investigate the relationship between national culture and knowledge management (KM) process.

This study is based on systematically and objectively capturing the contents of extant research papers published by researchers in this area by using the literature review methodology.

The study demonstrates significant relationship between national culture and KM process. Further, it also provides directions for future research.

The study will help top management to understand and appreciate the impact of national culture on KM process in organization, where people from different nations are working together. The management may apply appropriate organizational interventions to manage people of different national cultures in effective manner and effective utilization of knowledge of the organization through KM process. This paper will be considered as a quick reference and resource for anyone interested in this area.

This study is a comprehensive literature review of influence of national culture on KM process. Further, it also sets the research agenda for future researchers.

The purpose of this paper is to study police powers and accountability from a comparative perspective in both China and Hong Kong.

This paper compares and contrasts police powers and accountability.

The implications are many, including different political systems in which China is more authoritarian or paternalistic whereas Hong Kong is more pluralistic; checks and balances mechanisms in Hong Kong are far greater than in China; and the concept of accountability to the public is different in that Hong Kong police are accountable to members of the public but the mainland Chinese police force has a limited and top-down concept of accountability.

An original comparative approach to policing in Hong Kong and China.

The purpose of this paper is to present an implementation of ultrasonic tomography simulation to investigate the laminar flow of stratified liquid between water and oil.

The velocity of ultrasonic waves varies in water, oil, and different composition of water and oil. The composition of water and oil can be determined from the measurement of this propagation time. Sixteen pairs of ultrasonic sensors are mounted non‐invasively around the periphery of an acrylic pipe. The grease is used as the coupling material to mount these ultrasonic sensors. Different compositions of water and oil are used and the propagation times of the ultrasonic waves through the medium are measured. The composition of the water and oil of the flow is determined from the reconstructed images.

The paper finds that information about the distribution of the components within the sensing zone is obtained from the sensors' measurements. These measurements are then used to reconstruct the cross‐sectional image which can be analyzed to provide information, such as concentration of the flow components, the flow condition, velocity, mass flow rate, and identification of the distribution of mixing zones in stirred reactors and interface measurement in complex separation processes. The image can also be analyzed quantitatively for subsequent use to improve process control or develop models to describe individual process.

The paper shows that industries which may benefit from this technique could be the raw material processing industry, large‐scale and intermediate chemical production, and food biotechnology.

To study the effects of design and assembly process conditions on lead‐free solder joints for an area array component.

Experiments using SnAgCu solder for assembling plastic ball grid array components on printed circuit boards (PCBs) were carried out to investigate the reliability of the solder joints made under various conditions. The process variables studied include solder pad diameters, solder paste volume and reflow peak temperatures.

The average joint diameter increased with the peak reflow temperature, stencil thickness and pad diameter. The average joint height decreased with the increasing peak reflow temperature and pad diameter. However, increased stencil thickness would lead to increased solder paste volume and therefore increases both joint diameter and height. The assembled boards were subjected to a temperature cycling test (−40 to +125°C) for 5,700 cycles and no failures of the daisy chained resistance loops were found, indicating that the thermal fatigue resistance of the SnAgCu solder joints was good.

The findings provide greater confidence to implement a lead‐free soldering process without compromising reliability. Reliable lead free soldering can be made over a wide process window allowing flexibility in design and manufacturing.

This paper aims to investigate the relationship between general attitude toward advertising and consumers' purchase intention. The relationship between cognitive attitude, intrusiveness attitude, evaluative judgments, affective response and general attitude toward ad was examined. Furthermore, reliability as a moderator in the relationship between cognitive attitude, intrusiveness attitude, evaluative judgments, and affective response and the general attitude toward ad were studied.

Data from women consumers who subscribe to fashion magazines in India were collected and analyzed using a structured survey instrument. Women were selected because the products were related to women, including facial and body-care products, women sportswear, shampoos, lipstick, handbags, etc. Unit of analysis in this research is “observations,” and in all, 400 data points were analyzed, and to test hypothesized relationships, hierarchical regression and logistic regression were employed.

A conceptual model is developed and tested where (1) cognitive attitude toward ad, intrusiveness, evaluative judgments and affective responses are related to general attitude toward ad, and (2) general attitude toward ad is related to purchase intention. The hierarchical regression results show that (1) reliability moderates the relationship between cognitive attitude, intrusiveness, affective responses and general attitude toward ad. The logistic regression results support the positive relationship between general attitude toward ad and purchase intention.

Since the present research is based on self-report measures, the limitations of social desirability bias and common method bias are inherent. Second, this research focuses only on women consumers and products purchased by women. The research has implications for literature on advertising, especially women-related products.

This study contributes to practicing managers who are interested in promoting the women-related products. This study highlights the importance of general attitude toward ad as a precursor for consumers purchase intention. The study provides justification for enormous amounts of money invested in fashion advertising because of their effects on consumer behavior.

This study provides new insights about the effects reliability on general attitude toward ad and consumers' purchase intention. The conceptual model developed in this study adds novelty by considering reliability as a moderator, in addition to the direct relationships which have been studied by earlier researchers.

The intelligent acoustic emission (AE) locator is described in Part I while Part II discusses a blind source separation, time delay estimation and location of two simultaneously active continuous AE sources. Location of AE on complicated aircraft frame structures is a difficult problem of non‐destructive testing. In this article an intelligent AE source locator is described. The intelligent locator is comprised of a sensor antenna and a general regression neural network, that solves the location problem based on learning from examples. The locator performance was tested on different test specimens. The tests have shown that accuracy of location depends on sound velocity and attenuation in the specimen, the dimensions of tested area, and properties of stored data. The location accuracy achieved by the intelligent locator is comparable to that obtained by the conventional triangulation method. This is a promising method for non‐destructive testing by AE method of aircraft frame structures.

Patients with suspected pulmonary embolism (PE) must be transferred between one hospital, seven miles away to a trust, for access to the V/Q scanner. The aim of this audit was to examine delays in obtaining scans and delays in same day reporting.

The methodology used the Same Working Day guidelines (National Diagnostic Imaging board (UK); the target was 90 per cent. The indicators were: time from request to scan attendance; time from scan to typed, accessible report. Data from 141 inpatient V/Q scans between March 2009 and 2010 were collected retrospectively. In the re‐audit 89 V/Q scans for the period of June 2010 to May 2011 were collected retrospectively.

In the first round there were 31 scans from EGH and 110 from StH. Overall 64 per cent of scans were reported on the same day. There was a significant delay in scanning EGH patients due to transportation. The introduction of voice recognition software was aimed at reducing the time between dictation and reports being available for viewing. CT Pulmonary Angiograms (CTPA) would be utilised more at EGH as it was available on site. In the second round there were 62 scans at STH, 27 at EGH. Overall, 84 per cent scans were reported on the same working day. This was a statistically significant improvement (p=0.001). Only 17 per cent of scans were reported after 12 hours.

Speech recognition software should allow a more efficient method of diagnosing and reporting pulmonary embolism, which in turn assists in patient management.

Existing supply chain (SC) performance models are not able to cope with the potential of intensive SC digitalisation and establish a relationship between decisions and decision criteria. The purpose of this paper is to develop an integrated knowledge-based system (KBS) that creates a link between decisions and decision criteria (attributes) and evaluates the overall SC performance.

The proposed KBS is grounded on the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (fuzzy AHP), which establishes a relationship between short-term and long-term decisions and SC performance criteria (short-term and long-term) for accurate and integrated Overall SC performance evaluation.

The proposed KBS evaluates the overall SC performance, establishes a relationship between decisions (long-term and short-term) and decision criteria of SC functions and provides decision makers with a view of the impact of their short-term or long-term decisions on overall SC performance. The proposed system was implemented in a case company where the authors were able to develop a SC performance monitoring dashboard for the company’s top managers and operational managers.

The proposed KBS assists organisations and decision makers in evaluating their overall SC performance and helps in identifying underperforming SC functions and their associated criteria. It may also be considered as a tool for benchmarking SC performance against competitors. It can efficiently point to improvement directions and help decision makers improve overall SC performance.

The proposed KBS provides a holistic and integrated approach, establishes a relationship between decisions and decision criteria and evaluates overall SC performance, which is one of the main limitations in existing supply chain performance measurement systems.

Mobile health, i.e. m-Health possesses huge potential, especially to the developing countries and remote locations of developed countries. The success of such systems may create a healthier society through eradicating health incidents, which cannot otherwise be addressed with “brick and mortar” type of health systems. The purpose of this paper is to develop an m-Health success model from users’ perspective and validate in a developing country context.

Epistemologically, positivist approach has been adopted for the current research. An initial research model was developed from existing information system (IS) literature, which was then validated with survey data applying partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM).

The results summarise that continuance intention (CI) of m-Health services is dependent on perceived value (PV) and user satisfaction (STF); PV positively influences STF. Moreover, platform quality, quality of medical advice, and interaction quality have positive and direct effect on PV and STF; finally, CI drives to better quality of health life.

The findings of this study provide strategic implications to health managers and practitioners recognising the determinants of m-Health success and comprehending their relationships. It is underscored that, in order to secure the success of an m-Health system in a given society both human and technology-related components are vital and therefore should be taken care of.

This is the first attempt that develops and validates an m-Health system success model, particularly from the context of a country with low-health profile. Moreover, the contextualisation of the related variables and extension of existing IS success models is theoretically original.

Why is it that highly trained and seasoned executives fail? On the surface, this doesn’t make sense because they are very successful; yet research in the organization sciences provides no shortage of evidence to prove just that. From the classic Mann Gulch fire disaster of Weick’s famous collapse of sensemaking study, to studies of myopia of learning, escalation of commitment, threat-rigidity, dominant logic, the architecture of simplicity, the Icarus Paradox, to core competencies turning into core rigidities, and navigating new competitive markets using “old” cognitive maps, and many more such examples point to a ubiquitous phenomenon where highly trained and experienced professionals find themselves “stuck” in the heat of battle, unable to move and progress. On the one hand, for some, there is a desperate need for change, but are unable to do so, due to their trained incapacities. On the other hand, some simply cannot see the need for change, and continue with their “business as usual” mentality. For both, their visions of the world shrink, they have a tendency to cling onto their past habitual practices and oversimplify the complexity of the situation. In moments like these: DROP YOUR TOOLS and UNLEARN! This book chapter introduces a framework (grounded in clinical psychology) that has had consistent success in helping seasoned executives and key decision-makers open up the alternatives whenever they find themselves stuck with complexity.