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Snow White is one of the most popular fairy tales worldwide. Therefore, it is not surprising that the story has been reconsidered multiple times during the current trend of producing fairy tale adaptations. Especially the Evil Queen has become an object of further examination in many recent instalments of the story. In this chapter, I analyse the revision of Snow White's stepmother in the book series The Lunar Chronicles (2012–2016), the films Mirror Mirror (2012), Snow White and the Huntsman (2012) and The Huntsman: Winter's War (2016), as well as the TV-series Once Upon a Time (2011–2018). Compared to other villains in recent fairy tale adaptations, who are, like Maleficent, redeemed, the queen remains an embodiment of evil and terror in most adaptations. I outline the depiction of the Evil Queen in present-day US-American fairy tale narratives, assessing what makes her the most villainous woman in all the fairy tale realms and questioning why many of these stories try to understand but do not forgive her. The focus of this investigation is on the backstory that she is equipped with, her crimes, and her ultimate fate. Although she has been abused, traumatized, and betrayed, she seems to remain an uber villain, not only attempting to kill her stepdaughter but also destroying nature, starving her people, and spreading a deadly virus. This kind of representation might result from the fact that her opponent is by the very name the purest fairy tale princess ever known.

The purpose of this paper is to give an explanation of the new data available about surface subsidence above the depleted gas reservoir Ravenna Terra. These data confirm the existence after end of exploitation of a reversed subsidence bowl with minimum subsidence above the reservoir, as opposed to conventional subsidence bowls during exploitation which show maximum subsidence in the same location.

The paper analyses these new data about the existence after end of exploitation of a reversed subsidence bowl. The observed behaviour is reproduced successfully with a fully coupled two phase flow code in deforming reservoir rocks which incorporates a constitutive model for partially saturated porous media.

The paper provides successful simulations. These allow affirming with confidence that the explanation for the peculiar behaviour is reservoir flooding and partially saturated rock behaviour.

Further research: other case studies where similar behaviour is expected, e.g. Ekofisk.

The paper includes implications for better management of reservoir exploitation schedules to minimize the observed phenomenon.

This paper explains the peculiar behaviour of subsidence above the depleted gas reservoir Ravenna Terra and confirms the conjecture that constitutive behaviour of partially saturated rocks is the origin of the observed phenomenon.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the consistence of an ecosystem framework within the cultural sector and investigate the potential role of intellectual capital (IC) in cultural ecosystems.

The paper presents the results of an empirical research carried out within a specific Italian area, the Po Delta. It was based on sound theoretical analysis and group interviews focusing on three main discussion topics.

The research validated the consistence of ecosystem frameworks in relation to the cultural sector and the key role played by IC in their design, creation and implementation. It also highlighted the idea that this perspective is part of a broader rethinking process of the cultural field.

The research was carried out within a specific geographical area. The results, however, indicate the need for further research on the potential of IC in cultural ecosystems, in light of both a comparative and international perspective.

The research highlights the emergence of new frameworks and highlights the role of IC in new governance models in the cultural sector.

The analysis underlines the need for new governance systems based on a bottom-up approach, multi-level and multi-stakeholder frameworks, and potentially bringing important societal changes.

The concept of IC ecosystems remains a relatively unexplored field within the cultural sector. This paper could make a valuable contribution to the debate on new governance systems in this field.

Some of the most recognizable ‘evil’ fairy tale characters are the stepmothers; second-wives who enter happy households, and seek to subjugate their step-children. This character arc is due to be dismantled. Patriarchal regimes over time have constructed realities where women and power do not go together. In early-to late-modern (white, European) societies, patriarchal structures placed restrictions on the decisions women could make with their lives. This meant that women with status were left with very few options to earn an income. The aim for this analysis is to show this distortion of upper-class female reality by analysing the portrayal of the stepmother characters in four fairy-tale film narratives released since 2000, focusing on the Cinderella and Snow White narratives (two of the more widely disseminated fairy-tale stories). By illustrating how little information is given about their lives before re-marrying, this chapter will demonstrate how audiences are still ignorant to the backdrop of wealthy male superiority and the patriarchal structures that would lead to a woman remarrying for economic security, showing them in a more sympathetic light.

The academic libraries of the University of Bologna situated in Cesena, Forlì, Ravenna and Rimini carried out two surveys about users' satisfaction, in order to improve services. This paper aims to present the results of these surveys.

Two surveys were carried out: in 2007 and in 2010. The second one aimed to verify whether the actions adopted following the 2007 questionnaire had been appreciated. The 2007 survey adopted the interviewer‐assisted administration technique, the 2010 was online.

The 2010 questionnaire gave information about users' expectations and actions to be taken: the number of students unaware of advanced services is high. Librarians will work to broaden the use of them.

The online questionnaire was adopted because in 2007 many professors could not come to the library during the two‐weeks survey. The result was that a higher number of professors answered the questionnaire, but fewer students. That was probably due to the fact that most students do not use the institutional e‐address. The authors aim to move to a double questionnaire giving in 2013: interviewer‐assisted administration and online.

The number of students unaware of advanced services is high; librarians need to work to broaden the use of them.

The survey was an opportunity to focus on the importance of the collaboration between faculty and librarians. The best results are achieved by working together: they share the same mission. If they join their different competencies, they can be integrated.

The paper has a double approach: quantitative and qualitative. Moreover, during the same week of the survey a focus group is carried out, to focus on the critical areas of the questionnaire and offer support for actions.

Italian worker cooperatives display a high proportion of profits reinvested into asset locks: there is some literature investigating their function, but little has been said about workers' attitude toward them. In this chapter we therefore investigate what workers' motivations are regarding reinvesting profits into asset locks. We propose to interpret them as a common good and we inquire which factors may increase workers' willingness to contribute to it. We test two arguments that are provided in the literature on collective action: the effect of having a long-time perspective within the cooperative and the effect of displaying “collective” motivations and preferences other than self-regarding. We perform this test by means of a survey among workers of cooperatives affiliated to Legacoop Ravenna in Italy.

We identify a positive effect of both factors, although with some distinction. At a first glance, we find a positive correlation between a longer time horizon and a greater concern for profit reinvestment; when looking closer at the data, we nevertheless see a more complex relationship as two other aspects come into the game: the employment insurance role of worker cooperatives and the “feeling of belonging” that links workers to the firm. The positive effect of this second aspect on the willingness to reinvest into locked assets is strong, although it only appears among worker-members. Moreover, its effect seem to become greater as workers' involvement in decision making increases.

The 16th ELAG (European Library Automation Group) meeting took place in Ravenna, 1–3 April 1992. As usual the seminar comprised papers on a specific theme, round table discussions of developments in various countries and workshops on particular topics. The seminar, namely ILL in networks attracted about 90 colleagues from 21 European countries. Compared to previous meetings 50% more colleagues attended and 30% more countries were represented. The host country, Italy, sent the most extensive delegation, namely 15 persons, and Norway was represented by 11 members. It was a pleasure to welcome colleagues from Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Slovenia and Croatia. The Spanish delegation was remarkably strong with six representatives.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the phenomenon of voluntary extended performance reporting (EPR) by Italian local authorities (LAs) by exploring the patterns of financial and non‐financial disclosure and the factors affecting those patterns. More specifically it aims to analyse hypotheses drawing from contingency and legitimacy approaches against the content of the reports and findings discussed consistently.

The paper takes the form of a content analysis conducted on all EPRs prepared by Italian LAs. The classification scheme is based on the literature on social and environmental disclosures content analysis and is specifically designed to investigate EPR practices by governmental entities.

From the empirical analysis an extremely differentiated picture emerges. A common model of EPR does not exist; nevertheless EPR represents a significant effort by LAs in communicating performance to external stakeholders, with specific reference to the results achieved in social and economic development. Even if there is not a unique set of factors which can explain the differences in the reporting choices by Italian LAs, the analysis shows that the type of activities performed and the LAs' strategic priorities influence significantly the content of the reports.

The paper focuses on an interesting phenomenon for Italian LAs, namely the shift from a reactive compliance of law‐driven managerial reform process to a proactive adoption of managerial practices. The paper explores the under‐investigated field of voluntary social reporting in LAs. It discusses the influence of a set of external and internal factors in shaping the patterns and contents of EPR disclosure in Italian LAs. If empirical findings confirm the explicit influence of only a limited set of factors, they provide a valuable insight into how LAs use (voluntary) EPR in order to legitimise strategic and management choices.

Pesaran and Smith (2011) concluded that Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) models were sometimes a straitjacket which hampered the ability to match certain features of the data. In this chapter, the authors look at how one might assess the fit of these models using a variety of measures, rather than what seems to be an increasingly common device – the Marginal Data Density. The authors apply these in the context of models by Christiano, Motto, and Rostagno (2014) and Ireland (2004), finding they fail to make a match by a large margin. Both of these models feature more shocks than observed variables, resulting in the empirical shocks having a singular density, and so making them correlated. When correlated one can neither interpret impulse responses nor perform variance decompositions. Against this, there is a strong argument for having a straitjacket, as it enforces some desirable behavior on models and makes researchers think about how to account for any non-stationarity in the data. The authors illustrate this with examples drawn from the SVAR literature and also more eclectic models such as Holston, Laubach, and Williams (2017) for extracting an estimate of the real natural rate.

A motif, as defined by Jean-Charles Seigneuret (1988, p. 17), is an ‘essential part of a contemporary academic discipline known as thematology or thematics’ and that ‘two factors may explain the rise of the thematological method: its interpretive potentialities and its intrinsic congruency with the history of ideas’.

Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm first introduced the story of Snow White and her evil stepmother the Queen in 1812. Decades later, the character of the Queen, who later becomes the Evil Queen, is depicted in copious narratives and several different mediums. A central parallel in most of the representations of this character is that she is presented as evil. As such, how the Evil Queen character is represented in media sees a congruence of specific aesthetical characteristics, which combines to symbolize a rhetorical motif for evil.