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The purpose of this paper is to examine the initial mixing of wastewater discharged from submerged outfall diffusers and the influence of port configurations on wastewater distribution based on computational results.

Marine wastewater discharges from multiport diffusers are investigated by numerically solving three-dimensional and uncompressible two-phase flow fields. A mixture model simulates this flow and the standard k-e model to resolve flow turbulence; inter-phase interactions were described in terms of relative slip velocity between phases. Computations were performed for two values of the port spacings s/H with different current Froude numbers F.

Computational results compared well with previous laboratory measurements. Numerical results reveal that for both the closely spaced (s/H=0.21) and widely spaced (s/H=3.0) ports, the normalized dilution Sn becomes independent of F; further, the length of the near field xn and the spreading layer thickness hn are functions of F. For the closely spaced ports, the wastewater discharge behaves like a line plume, the Coanda effect is obvious, quasi-bifurcation is present, horseshoe structures of the jets in the planes are rapidly produced and then squashed and elongated, and the jet trajectories based on maximum velocity precede those based on maximum concentration. For the widely spaced ports, the wastewater discharge behaves like a point plume, the Coanda effect is not obvious, bifurcation is present, horseshoe structures of the jets in the planes are gradually produced and become ellipses, and the jet trajectories based on maximum velocity are similar to those based on maximum concentration.

Semi-empirical equations are presented to predict major near field characteristics. These provide guidance for designing multiport diffusers and assessing environmental impact.

THE appointment of a Vice‐Chancellor for the University of Warwick was announced towards the end of 1962. The Registrar was next appointed and then the librarian, who arrived on the scene in July 1963. The building which is described in this article was envisaged in a programme handed to the architects, Messrs. Yorke, Rosenberg and Mardall, early in December 1963.

This paper aims to review the industrial and biomedical applications of state-of-the-art fused deposition modelling (FDM)-assisted investment casting (FDMAIC). Brief literature survey of methodologies, ideas, techniques and approaches used by various researchers is highlighted and use of hybrid feedstock filament-based pattern to produce metal matrix composite is duly discussed.

Pattern replica required for investment casting (IC) of biomedical implant, machine parts, dentistry and other industrial components can be directly produced by using FDM process is presented. Relevant studies and examples explaining the suitability of FDMAIC for various applications are also presented.

Researches to optimize the conventional IC with FDM solutions and develop new hybrid feedstock filament of FDM done by researchers worldwide are also discussed. The review highlights the benefit of FDMAIC to surgeons, engineers and manufacturing organizations.

The research related to this survey is limited to the suitability and applicability of FDMAIC.

This review presents the information regarding potential IC application, which facilitates the society, engineers and manufacturing organizations by providing variety of components for assisting FDM. The information reported in this paper will serve doctors, researchers, organizations and academicians to explore the new options in the field of FDMAIC.

GREAT BRITAIN will find 1962 to be a year of grave decisions. The negotiations for our entry into the Common Market will reach a climax. Wages and prices hang like a grim question mark over the future. These are only two of the many problems calling for the right solutions. Members of every political party, industrialists and trades union leaders, friends and foes of the Common Market are agreed on one point. Much keener competition is inevitable and upon our success in it depends this country's future.

IN A LETTER to the Daily Telegraph last month, it was left to Mr J. Kirby, director of Kirby (Oldham) Ltd to underline the prime cause why statistics of those out of work go down so slowly if indeed at all.