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Information carriers (including mass media and We-Media) play important roles in information diffusion on social networks. The purpose of this paper is to investigate changes in the dissemination of information combing with data analysis.

This work analyzed nearly 200 years of coverage of different information carriers during different periods of human society, from the period of only mouth-to-mouth communication to the period of modern society. Information diffusion models are built to illustrate how the information dynamic changes with time and combined box office data of several movies to predict the process of information diffusion. In addition, a metric is defined to identify which information would become news in the future.

Results show that with the development of information carriers, information spreads faster and wider nowadays. The correctness of the metric proposed has been validated.

The structure of social networks influences the dissemination of information. There are an enormous number of factors that influence the formation of hotspots.

The results and conclusion of this work will benefit by predicting the evolution of information carriers. The metric proposed will aid in searching hot news in the future.

This work may shed some light on a better understanding of information diffusion, spreading not only on social networks but also on the carriers used for the information spreading.

Cognitive radio (CR) plays a very important role in enabling spectral efficiency in wireless communication networks, where the secondary user (SU) allows the licensed primary users (PUs). The purpose of this paper is to develop a prediction model for spectrum sensing in CR.

This paper proposes a hybrid prediction model, called krill-herd whale optimization-based actor critic neural network and hidden Markov model (KHWO-ACNN-HMM). The spectral bands are determined optimally using the proposed hybrid prediction model for allocating the spectrum bands to the PUs. For better sensing, the eigenvalue based on cooperative sensing used in CR. Finally, a hybrid model is designed by hybridizing KHWO-ACNN and HMM to enhance the accuracy of sensing. The predicted results of KHWO-ACNN and HMM are combined by a fusion model, for which a weighted entropy fusion is employed to determine the free spectrum available in CRs.

The performance of the prediction model is evaluated based on metrics, such as probability of detection, probability of false alarm, throughput and sensing time. The proposed spectrum sensing method achieves maximum probability of detection of 0.9696, minimum probability of false alarm rate as 0.78, minimum throughput of 0.0303 and the maximum sensing time of 650.08 s.

The proposed method is useful in various applications, including authentication applications, wireless medical networks and so on.

A hybrid prediction model is introduced for energy efficient spectrum sensing in CR and the performance of the proposed model is evaluated with the existing models. The proposed hybrid model outperformed the other techniques.

New technologies challenge the traditional view that the radio spectrum must be tightly controlled and the new orthodoxy that a market‐based approach is the most efficient way to manage the spectrum. This article aims to make the case for collective use of the spectrum.

The paper draws on a range of literature, both technical and economic, as well as the authors' opinions to describe the economic context, market and other models for spectrum allocation, technological advances in signal processing, and the way forward for assessing future spectrum management policy, with particular reference to Europe.

Technical advances, from research in the commercial domain and from release of military research, combined with the increasingly important economic need to facilitate innovation in new radio technologies, demand a debate on a new approach to spectrum management policy.

The paper brings together the economic and technical arguments in favour of collective use of the radio spectrum and will be of value to academics, business and policy makers.

The purpose of this paper is to discuss multipurpose community information and knowledge centres (MCTs) and then describes and assesses the telecommunication facilities (and hence information access and provision) of such telecentres in Bangladesh including radio, television, telephone and internet facilities. The paper then highlights problems and prospects, in rural areas of Bangladesh, of information access through the telecentres.

The paper is based on a review of literature collected through the internet, personal visits and other secondary sources such as research reports and articles.

The paper highlights the existing MCT initiatives in rural Bangladesh and discusses their problems and prospects.

The paper is one of the very few studies which focuses on the prospects of MCTs for rural Bangladesh, particularly as regards information and knowledge access and provision, and proposes future directions for the development of MCTs in Bangladesh.

Text information retrieval systems fall into three main categories: full text, free vocabulary, controlled vocabulary. Using the software ADABAS and NATURAL, we developed and implemented an Information Retrieval System for the National Television and Radio Network. The system falls into the free vocabulary and controlled vocabulary categories and constitutes an adaptable model for information retrieval applications in other areas as well.

This paper aims to give a short overview of European Union policy trends towards more flexible forms of spectrum management.

The paper presents a business modelling analysis, scenario construction, policy analysis and roadmapping. It argues that both flexible spectrum management and the concept of reconfigurability do not eliminate the need for a number of centralised controlling entities, and even introduce a number of new ones, performing regulatory, commercial and technical functions of a diverse nature. One of the most prominent control entities, the Cognitive Pilot Channel (CPC), is presented, and three different configurations of the CPC are outlined. Subsequently, the potential impact of different CPC configurations on business models for wireless services making use of such a channel is explored.

The paper concludes that a hybrid model combining a meta‐level CPC with operator‐deployed channels might provide the best mix of technical and strategic control for operators, and value for users.

The study undertaken here is exploratory in nature since, for example, no exact estimations of cost and revenue, or harmonisation feasibility and roadmaps can be made at this time.

The CPC is a recent and potentially crucial concept which is not yet standardised or implemented and for which no business modelling analysis has been performed yet.

Proponents of 5G predict a huge market for 5G goods and services with millions of new jobs being created. The purpose of this paper is to make a realistic assessment of the 5G initiative, with a focus on Europe.

The paper reviews the technical, economic and policy literature to analyse the case for 5G in Europe.

The 5G initiative in Europe, as well as globally, has so far failed to assess objectively the future needs of its customers, whether consumer or business, to articulate a set of sound business cases.

There is little independent assessment of 5G in the academic literature. The paper makes an original contribution through questioning the dominant supply-driven industry perspective.

Internet has changed radically in the way people interact in the virtual world, in their careers or social relationships. IoT technology has added a new vision to this process by enabling connections between smart objects and humans, and also between smart objects themselves, which leads to anything, anytime, anywhere, and any media communications. IoT allows objects to physically see, hear, think, and perform tasks by making them talk to each other, share information and coordinate decisions. To enable the vision of IoT, it utilizes technologies such as ubiquitous computing, context awareness, RFID, WSN, embedded devices, CPS, communication technologies, and internet protocols. IoT is considered to be the future internet, which is significantly different from the Internet we use today. The purpose of this paper is to provide up-to-date literature on trends of IoT research which is driven by the need for convergence of several interdisciplinary technologies and new applications.

A comprehensive IoT literature review has been performed in this paper as a survey. The survey starts by providing an overview of IoT concepts, visions and evolutions. IoT architectures are also explored. Then, the most important components of IoT are discussed including a thorough discussion of IoT operating systems such as Tiny OS, Contiki OS, FreeRTOS, and RIOT. A review of IoT applications is also presented in this paper and finally, IoT challenges that can be recently encountered by researchers are introduced.

Studies of IoT literature and projects show the disproportionate importance of technology in IoT projects, which are often driven by technological interventions rather than innovation in the business model. There are a number of serious concerns about the dangers of IoT growth, particularly in the areas of privacy and security; hence, industry and government began addressing these concerns. At the end, what makes IoT exciting is that we do not yet know the exact use cases which would have the ability to significantly influence our lives.

This survey provides a comprehensive literature review on IoT techniques, operating systems and trends.

The integration of humans and machines can be achieved using Bluetooth ubiquitous networks. Ideally, the interface between users and machines should be completely seamless and transparent. A user should not need to take any physical action to have a machine react to commands. A novel application area for Bluetooth communication technology is being developed in the Massey University Smart House project, in New Zealand. The creation of a Bluetooth ubiquitous network allows the house users to be tracked and monitored throughout the house. Their specific preferences or needs can automatically be taken care of by a control computer. This paper outlines and describes this seamless application.