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In the mining industry, a run-of-mine (ROM) stockpile is a temporary storage unit, but it is also widely accepted as an effective method to reduce the short-term variations of ore grade. However, tracing ore grade at ROM stockpiles accurately using most current fleet management systems is challenging, due to insufficient information available in real time. This study aims to build a three-dimensional (3D) model for ROM stockpiles continuously based on fine-grained grade information through integrating data from a number of ore grade tracking sources.

Following a literature review, a framework for a new stockpile management system is proposed. In this system, near real-time high-resolution 3D ROM stockpile models are created based on dump/load locations measured from global positioning system sensors. Each stockpile model contains a group of layers which are separated by different qualities.

Acquiring the geometric shapes of all the layers in a stockpile and cuts made by front wheel loaders provides a better understanding about the quality and quality distribution within a stockpile when it is stacked/reclaimed. Such a ROM stockpile model can provide information on predicating ore blend quality with high accuracy and high efficiency. Furthermore, a 3D stockyard model created based on such ROM stockpile models can help organisations optimise material flow and reduce the cost.

The modelling algorithm is evaluated using a laboratory scaled stockpile at this stage. The authors expect to scan a real stockpile and create a reference model from it. Meanwhile, the geometric model cannot represent slump or collapse during reclaiming faithfully. Therefore, the model is expected to be reconcile monthly using laser scanning data.

The proposed model is currently translated to the operations at OZ Minerals. The use of such model will reduce the handling costs and improve the efficiency of existing grade management systems in the mining industry.

This study provides a solution to build a near real-time high-resolution multi-layered 3D stockpile model through using currently available information and resources. Such novel and low-cost stockpile model will improve the production rates with good output product quality control.

ICI Organics Division, PO Box 42, Blackley, Manchester M9 3DA, state that their Neramine S dyes are particularly suitable for colouring wood before varnishing, because of their intensity of colour when the powders are dissolved in methyl glycol or ethyl glycol.

Discusses QUARTET, the experimental project looking at the idea of a fully automatic document delivery service, able to provide users with source material on request from an electronic store. Details the ADONIS database of 219 biomedical journals on CD‐ROM which formed the primary material for the experiments. Shows that such systems are technically feasible and may have considerable benefit in providing research workers with a “just‐in‐time” information delivery service that avoids some of the inherent costs of more traditional methods.

Scientific information is more and more buried in the proliferation of commercial sites on the Internet. This means that valuable chemistry sites and chemical databases are difficult to find. In this paper some databases selected by the authors are introduced. These sites can be divided into three groups: databases which used to be only available through commercial hosts; databases which are available commercially but parts of them on the free Internet; and databases of topical concern, e.g. chemical weapons. All the mentioned databases can be found in a structured format in the DAIN Metadatabase of Internet Resources for Environmental Chemicals, which is explained in this paper. An important further step to get out of the information labyrinth is the evaluation of the content of data‐sources for chemicals. Approaches have been made to analyze chemical databases applying discrete mathematical methods and multivariate statistics.

The conclusion of the Cold War rivalry between the United States and former Soviet Union in the late 1980s and early 1990s created new areas of opportunity and concern for U.S. national security policy. No longer menaced by the threat of nuclear war from Soviet military might, the United States emerged from the Cold War as the world's preeminent military power. Successful developments such as this often produce elation in the pronouncements of U.S. officials as a recent Clinton administration declaration demonstrates:

Citizens of Eastern European countries need to acquire knowledge on how to start and operate business if their move to t a free‐market economy is to be successful. The acquisition of such knowledge will come from putting at the disposal of entrepreneurs a core business library and assistance on how to utilize that library properly. Public libraries are already in place. Among other things, the role of the library is to serve the information and self‐improvement needs of the public Those already working cannot be expected to take time to go to universities for formal business school programmes. However, they should be able to seek out useful business information at public libraries as part of their education about business techniques. An examination of data from the National Hungarian Public Library in Budapest indicatcs that there is a gap in the business collection concerning information on how to start and run a business. Business books and periodicals should be added to all Eastern European libraries; initially the collection should be more practical than theoretical Universities should work with the public libraries to provide basic instruction in business areas. The libraries can serve as satellite instructional facilities where seminars and workshops and ongoing reference assistance can be provided.

Modern information and communication technologies (ICTs) are transforming reference service (RS) from physical to virtual. The paper aims to explore the current status of ICT infrastructure necessary for delivering effective digital reference service (DRS) in university libraries of the Punjab.

This exploratory study used questionnaire survey method to probe the current status. The questionnaire was worded to achieve an official organizational response. For ensuring the content validity, comments from some well‐known LIS professionals were sought. In the light of experts' opinions, necessary modifications were made to the instrument. University libraries of the Punjab province (n=40) recognized by the Higher Education Commission (HEC) were identified as targeted population. The questionnaire was distributed through post and e‐mail. The researchers were able to get questionnaires filled from 38 universities.

The findings reveal that the ICT infrastructure needed for designing and implementing an effective DRS in libraries is better than before but it needs further improvement. Many libraries also own general and reference collection in electronic format. Only a few libraries have started DRS while most of them are still using face to face channel for reference transactions.

This study is an attempt to fill a gap in the local literature on the topic and provides baseline information to design and implement DRS in academic libraries.

The findings will be helpful in designing better and more effective DRS systems in Pakistan as well as in other developing countries.

The world is increasingly complex and the most serious challenges are global in nature. Questions to do with sustainable and equitable development, democratic change, terrorism and transnational crime, for instance, require collaborative action among governments, international organizations, corporations, universities, and nongovernmental organizations. This article, which describes 15 global challenges compiled as part of the Millennium Project’s 2002 State of the Future report, assesses the global and local prospects for humanity.