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Team management and teamwork are critical in the cockpit of a jet aircraft. The crew manage a complex set of interactions on which numerous people depend for their safety. Airlines worldwide have now recognised the need to train aircrew in team management principles. Until recently attention to the management side of flight operations has limited itself to the rostering arrangements and backroom office systems and procedures that support aircrew. The Aircrew Team Management Programme (ATM) designed by the authors for Trans Australia Airlines consists of a three‐day workshop with follow‐up sessions and simulator training. The prevailing culture in airlines is examined. An action research approach to gathering data for the management programme, its educational design and development, its key elements and implementation and tuition are discussed. It has been accepted by the crew as a valid and relevant form of training.

This article has been withdrawn as it was published elsewhere and accidentally duplicated. The original article can be seen here: 10.1108/14664100010332748. When citing the article, please cite: P. Stutchfield, S. Nicklin, P. Minchom, T. Powell, A. Kelly, V. Klimach, R. Davies, S. Horrocks, (2000), “Assessment of health status at two years of very low birthweight infants – clinical governance”, British Journal of Clinical Governance, Vol. 5 Iss 1 pp. 14 - 21.

May 23, 1973 Industrial Relations — Unfair dismissal — Complaint — References on originating application form to statutes other than Redundancy Payments Act, 1965 deleted — Application for redundancy payment dismissed — Tribunal's refusal to consider unfair dismissal — Whether amendment to allege unfair dismissal proper.

This paper focuses on public interest immunity (PII) and disclosure of unused material in the context of criminal proceedings. PII used to be referred to as Crown privilege and was hardly ever raised in connection with criminal proceedings until 20 years ago. Nowadays, PII issues are often raised in connection with criminal proceedings, particularly during the process of disclosure of unused material for the purposes of criminal trials.

October 27, 1972 Industrial Relations — Unfair dismissal — Employee dismissed without opportunity to state case — Whether unfair dismissal — No loss caused by unfair procedure — Compensation refused — Industrial Relations Act, 1971 (c.72) s.24.

October 25, 1972 Master and Servant — Redundancy — “Offer of suitable employment” — Statement by shop assistant not interested in offer of future employment — No offer made — Whether employee estopped from alleging no offer made — Onus of proof — Redundancy Payments Act, 1965 (c.62) s.2(3), (4).

This survey presents the recent and rapidly expanding literature, which analyses the economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, by means of Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) modelling. It does so not only by contrasting and assessing the different methodological approaches, and the key findings of the simulation exercises, but also by putting the various contributions in a historical perspective. This is necessary because each CGE-based study should be evaluated while keeping in mind when it was realised, since questions, priorities, expectations have been constantly changing during the spreading of the pandemic.

The power of the executive to refer cases involving criminal conviction back to an appellate court is a mechanism for guarding against miscarriages of justice and regulating the inherent fallibility of the criminal justice system. These cases typically come before the executive by way of a petition that claims a person has been wrongfully convicted. In Australia, however, there are few guidelines and little information as to the criteria and standards by which the executive decides whether to refer a petitioned case. The test the petitioner must meet is not clear. This chapter therefore has two purposes. The first is to examine the types of petitions most likely to be referred to the appellate court by the executive. These cases are shown to fall into particular categories. The second is to argue that, from these categories, inferences may be drawn about the test the executive uses in deciding whether to refer a petition. These inferences follow from the common principles and links between the cases in each category. The chapter identifies the test the petition should meet to have optimal chance of referral.

Small-bore drains (≤ 16 Fr) are used in many centers to manage all pleural effusions. The goal of this study was to determine the proportion of avoidable chest drains and associated complications when a strategy of routine chest drain insertion is in place.

We retrospectively reviewed consecutive pleural procedures performed in the Radiology Department of the McGill University Health Centre over one year (August 2015–July 2016). Drain insertion was the default drainage strategy. An interdisciplinary workgroup established criteria for drain insertion, namely: pneumothorax, pleural infection (confirmed/highly suspected), massive effusion (more than 2/3 of hemithorax with severe dyspnea /hypoxemia), effusions in ventilated patients and hemothorax. Drains inserted without any of these criteria were deemed potentially avoidable.

A total of 288 procedures performed in 205 patients were reviewed: 249 (86.5%) drain insertions and 39 (13.5%) thoracenteses. Out of 249 chest drains, 113 (45.4%) were placed in the absence of drain insertion criteria and were deemed potentially avoidable. Of those, 33.6% were inserted for malignant effusions (without subsequent pleurodesis) and 34.5% for transudative effusions (median drainage duration of 2 and 4 days, respectively). Major complications were seen in 21.5% of all procedures. Pneumothorax requiring intervention (2.1%), bleeding (0.7%) and organ puncture or drain misplacement (2%) only occurred with drain insertion. Narcotics were prescribed more frequently following drain insertion vs. thoracentesis (27.1% vs. 9.1%, p = 0.03).

Routine use of chest drains for pleural effusions leads to avoidable drain insertions in a large proportion of cases and causes unnecessary harms.

Solicitors Paul Verrico and Philip Crosbie consider how attempts to inflate the penalties imposed in fatal cases have failed when compared to the sanctions imposed on defendants convicted of other corporate crimes, such as those in the competition and data protection spheres. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Consideration of legislation, guidance and recent case law.

There is a significant divide between fines imposed for health and safety fatalities and those for competition/fraud offences. It is a sad fact that it is “cheaper” to cause the death of an employee than to engage in price‐fixing. It is difficult to see how this balance will be redressed without resorting to artificially inflating health and safety fines to a level on par with those offences previously mentioned.

The paper takes a close look at health and safety legislation.