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Book part
Publication date: 4 August 2014

Exploration, Exploitation, Ambidexterity, and Firm Performance: A Meta-Analysis

Blake D. Mathias

Since March (1991) presented his ideas on organizational learning, hundreds of empirical tests have been conducted on relationships among the activities of exploration…

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Abstract

Since March (1991) presented his ideas on organizational learning, hundreds of empirical tests have been conducted on relationships among the activities of exploration, exploitation, ambidexterity, and firm performance. Despite continued interest in his ideas, there has not been a systematic assessment of extant research to reveal whether, and to what extent, these activities relate to firm performance. This study uses meta-analysis to take a next step by aggregating results of 117 studies from more than 21,000 firms. I find strong performance effects for exploration and exploitation, but contrary to received theory, I discover ambidexterity yields weaker effects than a focus on either exploration or exploitation. Thus, I leverage these findings to offer future research opportunities.

Details

Exploration and Exploitation in Early Stage Ventures and SMEs
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S1479-067X20140000014009
ISBN: 978-1-78350-655-2

Keywords

  • Ambidexterity
  • exploitation
  • exploration
  • firm performance
  • meta-analysis

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Book part
Publication date: 31 July 2014

Construct Measurement in Social Entrepreneurship: A Review and Assessment

Kyle Turner, T. Russell Crook and Alex Miller

The purpose is to assess current construct measurement in social entrepreneurship and provide recommendations for future construct measurement on the topic.

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose is to assess current construct measurement in social entrepreneurship and provide recommendations for future construct measurement on the topic.

Methodology/design

We use content analysis to assess the construct measurement practices in social entrepreneurship research. Prior studies were coded and analyzed to assess the way social entrepreneurship researchers have developed measures for key constructs in the social entrepreneurship literature. The content analysis allows for the examination of the number, type, and measures associated with social entrepreneurship research and for the comparison with the construct measurement practices in entrepreneurship research, in general.

Findings

We suggest that, while initial quantitative research has provided a useful start for empirical analysis of social entrepreneurship, future research can be improved by developing and applying stronger measures of key constructs, such as social value, mission consistency, and performance of social enterprises.

Originality/value

This chapter takes a content analytic approach to provide evidence regarding how a foundational element such as construct measurement has developed within social entrepreneurship research. We also propose directions for improving future research by validating and strengthening measurements of core constructs in social entrepreneurship.

Details

Social Entrepreneurship and Research Methods
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S1479-838720140000009009
ISBN: 978-1-78441-141-1

Keywords

  • Social entrepreneurship
  • construct measurement

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Book part
Publication date: 14 August 2014

Increasing Energy and Performance Through Customer Passion: An Organizational Level Study

Petra Kipfelsberger and Heike Bruch

This study investigates the situations in which productive organizational energy (POE) and organizational performance increase through customer passion, that is, perceived…

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Abstract

This study investigates the situations in which productive organizational energy (POE) and organizational performance increase through customer passion, that is, perceived customers’ affective commitment and customers’ positive word-of-mouth behavior. We integrate research on POE with research on customer influences on employees. Based on emotional contagion processes we develop hypotheses for the energizing influences of customers at the organizational level. We test the hypotheses using a dataset containing 495 board members and 8,299 employees of 152 organizations. The results show that customer passion is positively related to POE, which is in turn positively related to organizational performance. Furthermore, the findings indicate that the effect of customer passion on organizational performance through POE depends on top management team’s (TMT’s) customer orientation. By providing first insights into the linkages and contingencies of customer passion, POE, and organizational performance, this study puts forth a more holistic understanding of the energizing effect of customers on organizations.

Details

Emotions and the Organizational Fabric
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S1746-979120140000010000
ISBN: 978-1-78350-939-3

Keywords

  • Productive organizational energy
  • customer passion
  • moderated mediation
  • organizational performance
  • TMT’s customer orientation

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Article
Publication date: 1 February 1987

Thermosonic Wire Bonding on Single‐layer Polymer Hybrid Integrated Circuits (POLYHICs)

R.L. Shook

A study was undertaken to evaluate the thermosonic gold‐wire bonding capability to Ti‐Pd‐Cu‐Ni‐Au thin film metallisation on newly developed polymer hybrid integrated…

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Abstract

A study was undertaken to evaluate the thermosonic gold‐wire bonding capability to Ti‐Pd‐Cu‐Ni‐Au thin film metallisation on newly developed polymer hybrid integrated circuits (POLYHICs). (The POLYHIC technology incorporates alternating layers of polymer and metal added to conventional Hybrid Integrated Circuits which provide for increased interconnection density.) Destructive wire‐pull strengths were measured as a function of varying wire‐bonding machine operating parameters of wedge bond force, wedge bond time, temperature, and ultrasonic energy. All data were evaluated and compared with wire bonding under similar conditions to thin film circuits on Al2O3 ceramic. The results for wedge‐bond associated failures indicated that machine operating parameters of wedge bond force, time and ultrasonic energy similarly affected the average wire‐pull strength for both the ceramic and POLYHIC circuits. Pull strengths for equivalent metallisation schemes and bonding parameters were generally slightly higher and more tightly distributed for bonds made to metal films on ceramic. A strong correlation was found to exist between wire‐pull strengths and surface topography (as measured by a profilometer technique) of the thin film metallisation for the POLYHICs which had both smooth and rough metallisation surfaces for metal films on top of the polymer. The results indicated that rough metallisation bonded more easily and yielded much higher wire‐pull strengths. Also, rougher films were shown to effectively increase the parameter‐operating windows for producing reliable wire bonds. A semi‐quantitative analysis was developed to help explain this correlation. Surface topography effects were also found to be a key factor when evaluating wire bondability as a function of substrate bonding temperature. Wedge‐bond strength was essentially independent of temperature for bonds made to rougher metallisation while a strong temperature dependency was found when wire bonds were made to smoother films.

Details

Microelectronics International, vol. 4 no. 2
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/eb044275
ISSN: 1356-5362

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Book part
Publication date: 26 November 2014

Construct Measurement in Strategic Management Research in Africa

Moses Acquaah

The purpose of this study is to review the literature on strategic management in Africa with special emphasis on how strategy constructs have been measured and present a…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to review the literature on strategic management in Africa with special emphasis on how strategy constructs have been measured and present a roadmap to help improve strategy research in Africa.

Design/methodology/approach

A content analysis of empirical research on strategic management published in journals using data from Africa from 2000 to 2013 is conducted to examine construct measurement practices.

Findings

The findings indicate that the average sample sizes in strategy research in Africa is not large as strategy research in general, and have low statistical power. While the studies rely heavily on single-indicator measures, there were also several studies using scale or multiple measures that report reliabilities.

Research limitations

Limitations of the research include small number of studies used, inability to examine journal effects’ of the findings due to few numbers of papers from many of the journals, and lack of examination of the influence of the context and topical areas of the articles on the use of the construct measurement techniques.

Practical implications

The study provides information about the use of construct measurement techniques and power analysis in strategy research in Africa. It further encourages the use of larger sample sizes, the examination of power, and more focus on variables which allow the assessment of reliabilities and validity.

Originality and value

Little is known about construct measurement practices of the empirical research in and about Africa in the discipline of strategic management. This chapter builds on extant research on construct measurement issues in strategic management research, but with the unique value-added contribution of focusing on the African environment where the discipline is beginning to take hold.

Details

Advancing Research Methodology in the African Context: Techniques, Methods, and Designs
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/S1479-838720140000010002
ISBN: 978-1-78441-489-4

Keywords

  • Construct measurement techniques
  • statistical power
  • reliability
  • Africa

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Book part
Publication date: 14 September 2007

The Context of Entrepreneurial Processes: One Size does not Fit All

Frances Fabian and Hermann Achidi Ndofor

Past entrepreneurship research has emphasized the importance of the context of the entrepreneur (e.g., personality) along with environmental characteristics as predictors…

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Abstract

Past entrepreneurship research has emphasized the importance of the context of the entrepreneur (e.g., personality) along with environmental characteristics as predictors of the success of new ventures. Additional literature has expanded our understanding of how implementation processes such as business planning, social networking, and external financing may be key to new venture performance. This paper offers 12 propositions that link these two literatures. Specifically, we argue that the personality and goals of the entrepreneur, as well as the dynamism and munificence of the environment, may affect how well implementation processes enhance new venture performance.

Details

Entrepreneurial Strategic Processes
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1074-7540(07)10010-6
ISBN: 978-0-7623-1429-4

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Article
Publication date: 7 October 2014

Authoring second-generation entrepreneur and family business stories

Robert Smith

The purpose of this paper is to explore the under researched interface between entrepreneur and family business stories and in particular the form and structure of…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the under researched interface between entrepreneur and family business stories and in particular the form and structure of second-generation entrepreneur stories. It illustrates how second-generation entrepreneur stories can be (co)authored to narrate an alternative entrepreneurial identity within a family business setting.

Design/methodology/approach

From a desk based review of relevant literature a number of conceptual storyline models are developed and these are used to better understand second-generation entrepreneur/family business stories.

Findings

The authorial process allows individual family members the freedom to craft contingent stories which fit their circumstances. The paper also examines the research process of co-authoring research with respondents and how this adds value to the process. The findings are mainly relevant to theory building.

Research limitations/implications

There are obvious limitations to the study in that the conceptual model is only compared against one second-generation entrepreneur story and that clearly further research must be conducted to establish the veracity of the storyline models developed.

Practical implications

There are some very practical implications in relation to conflict resolution within family businesses in that the storying process allows individuals the freedom to author their own stories and place in family and family business history.

Originality/value

This paper highlights the contribution that an understanding of the interface between entrepreneur and family business stories can bring to understanding this complex dynamic.

Details

Journal of Family Business Management, vol. 4 no. 2
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JFBM-11-2011-0050
ISSN: 2043-6238

Keywords

  • Family business
  • Narrative
  • Entrepreneur stories
  • Family business stories
  • Family dynamics
  • Impact of family dynamics on management behaviours

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Article
Publication date: 1 June 1998

Internationalization at Honda: transfer and adaptation of management systems

Andrew Mair

This article reviews Honda’s strategy to localize operations, organization and employment relations at Honda of the UK Manufacturing (HUM). The management literature…

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Abstract

This article reviews Honda’s strategy to localize operations, organization and employment relations at Honda of the UK Manufacturing (HUM). The management literature describes Honda as an unusually un‐bureaucratic company where individual initiative thrives. However, the production system and organization of work at HUM were found to be very tightly controlled, with little variety of work and individual initiative constrained within strict bounds. This may reflect the relative youth of the plant and the company’s strategy to embed its production system thoroughly before permitting change, or it may suggest that production work at Honda does not fit the usual characterization of the company in the literature. Local management has been given freedom to adapt certain aspects of the organization and employment relations framework to fit the British environment, but with no impact on the direct transfer of the production system.

Details

Employee Relations, vol. 20 no. 3
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/01425459810228342
ISSN: 0142-5455

Keywords

  • Employee relations
  • Organizations
  • Production systems
  • United Kingdom

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Article
Publication date: 13 November 2017

Does paying higher franchise fees command higher RevPAR?

Nan Hua, John W. O’Neill, Khaldoon Nusair, Dipendra Singh and Agnes DeFranco

This study aims to validate the value-added hypothesis in hotel franchising using data from 2,120 properties across the United States with a total of 12,720 observations…

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Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to validate the value-added hypothesis in hotel franchising using data from 2,120 properties across the United States with a total of 12,720 observations over a six-year period of 2008-2013.

Design/methodology/approach

A series of annual cross-sectional regressions for each of the sample years and aggregated panel regressions for all sample hotel years were conducted. Newey–West errors were computed to address potential issues of autocorrelation and heteroscedasticity, and sensitivity tests were also performed.

Findings

The paper concludes that franchise royalty fee adds value to hotel franchisees as it significantly and positively affects revenue per available room (RevPAR) for all sample years after controlling for the major determining dimensions of RevPAR. A series of sensitivity tests also show robustness of results.

Research limitations/implications

This study offers a rational and empirical explanation for the positive and significant effect of franchise royalty fees on hotel performance and the value-added hypothesis. Hoteliers need to ensure that there is a proper match between hotel specific attributes and the potential franchise when making a franchise selection. Individual entrepreneurs can partner with franchisors to reap the benefits of franchising, while experienced hoteliers can also use the findings of this study to make strategic decisions.

Originality/value

This study is the first using actual performance data from a large hotel property sample over multiple years to validate the value-added theory, where a higher royalty fee does command a higher RevPAR.

Details

International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, vol. 29 no. 11
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-02-2016-0060
ISSN: 0959-6119

Keywords

  • Franchising
  • Hotel industry
  • Hotel performance
  • RevPAR
  • Franchise royalties
  • Value-added hypothesis

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Article
Publication date: 9 January 2017

Multidimensional entrepreneurial intent: an internationally validated measurement approach

Dave Valliere

Entrepreneurial intent (EI) is a foundational construct in theories of entrepreneurship. But three challenges currently threaten the author’s ability to accurately measure…

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Abstract

Purpose

Entrepreneurial intent (EI) is a foundational construct in theories of entrepreneurship. But three challenges currently threaten the author’s ability to accurately measure EI. First, previous measurement approaches have confounded EI with closely related but theoretically distinct constructs such as attitudes and beliefs about entrepreneurship. Second, they have treated EI as an “all-or-nothing” decision, without reflecting the step-wise commitment of the entrepreneuring process. And finally, much of past EI research has been done in Western developed countries without validation in a diverse international context in which unstated assumptions about the EI construct may not hold. The purpose of this paper is to report on the development of a new EI scale that addresses these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

Nested structural equation modelling is used to develop and validate a novel scale for measuring EI in international contexts, based on data from 998 respondents in eight countries.

Findings

A two-dimensional substructure to the EI construct is revealed as especially apparent in non-Western countries. Based on this, a new 11-item scale is proposed and validated.

Research limitations/implications

Previous studies utilizing the EI construct may be biased by its imprecise measurement and confounding by other constructs in the nomological net. The present study provides new insight into the nature of the EI construct and a novel instrument for measuring it without bias. The discovered two-dimensional structure for EI measurement may also have implications for theorists interested in antecedents and effects of EI.

Practical implications

Accurate measurement of EI is essential to developing and targeting policies to effect changes in national entrepreneurship. Previous measurements may therefore have contributed to misstatement of policy objectives and allocation of national resources.

Originality/value

This research provides a validated method of measuring EI without the serious confounds of previous scales, and that is robust to a wide range of international settings. It also provides new insight into a two-dimensional substructure to the EI construct that has not been observed in previous studies.

Details

International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, vol. 23 no. 1
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-08-2015-0182
ISSN: 1355-2554

Keywords

  • International entrepreneurship
  • Theory of planned behaviour
  • Scale development
  • Entrepreneurial intent
  • Entrepreneuring

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