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An original finite element scheme for advection‐diffusion‐reaction problems is presented. The new method, called spotted Petrov‐Galerkin (SPG), is a quadratic Petrov‐Galerkin (PG) formulation developed for the solution of equations where either reaction (associated to zero‐order derivatives of the unknown) and/or advection (proportional to first‐order derivatives) dominates on diffusion (associated to second‐order derivatives). The addressed issues are turbulence and advective‐reactive features in modelling turbomachinery flows.

The present work addresses the definition of a new PG stabilization scheme for the reactive flow limit, formulated on a quadratic finite element space of approximation. We advocate the use of a higher order stabilized formulation that guarantees the best compromise between solution stability and accuracy. The formulation is first presented for linear scalar one‐dimensional advective‐diffusive‐reactive problems and then extended to quadrangular Q2 elements.

The proposed advective‐diffusive‐reactive PG formulation improves the solution accuracy with respect to a standard streamline driven stabilization schemes, e.g. the streamline upwind or Galerkin, in that it properly accounts for the boundary layer region flow phenomena in presence of non‐equilibrium effects.

The numerical method here proposed has been designed for second‐order quadrangular finite‐elements. In particular, the Reynolds‐Averaged Navier‐Stokes equations with a non‐linear turbulence closure have been modelled using the stable mixed element pair Q2‐Q1.

This paper investigated the predicting capabilities of a finite element method stabilized formulation developed for the purpose of solving advection‐reaction‐diffusion problems. The new method, called SPG, demonstrates its suitability in solving the typical equations of turbulence eddy viscosity models.

The beta coefficient used for the cost of equity calculation is at the heart of the valuation process. This study conducts comparative analyses of the classical capital asset pricing model (CAPM) and downside CAPM risk parameters to gain further insight into which risk parameter leads to better performing risk measures at explaining stock returns.

The study conducts a comparative analysis of 16 risk measures at explaining the stock returns of 4531 companies of 20 developed and 25 emerging market index for 2000–2018. The analyses are conducted using both the global and local indices and both USD and local currency returns. Calculated risk measures are analyzed in a panel data setup using a univariate model. Results are investigated in country-specific and model-specific subsets.

The results show that (1) downside betas are better than CAPM betas at explaining the stock returns, (2) both risk measure groups perform better for emerging markets, (3) global downside beta model performs better than global beta model, implying the existence of the contagion effect, (4) high significance levels of total risk and unsystematic risk measures further support the shortfall of CAPM betas and (5) higher correlation of markets after negative shocks such as pandemics puts global CAPM based downside beta to a more reliable position.

The data are limited to the index securities as beta could be time varying.

Results overall provide insight into the cost of equity calculation and emerging market assets valuation.

The framework and methodology enable us to compare and contrast CAPM and downside-CAPM risk measures at the firm level, at the global/local level and in terms of the level of market development.

As the number of social media users continues to rise globally, a heated debate emerges on whether social media use improves or harms mental health, as well as the bidirectional relation between social media use and mental health. Motivated by this, the authors’ study adopts the stressor–strain–outcome model and social compensation hypothesis to disentangle the effect mechanism between social media use and psychological well-being. The purpose of this paper is to address this issue.

To empirically validate the proposed research model, a large-scale two-year longitudinal questionnaire survey on social media use was administered to a valid sample of 6,093 respondents recruited from a university in China. Structural equation modeling was employed for data analysis.

A longitudinal analysis reveals that social media use positively (negatively) impacts psychological well-being through the mediator of nomophobia (perceived social support) in a short period. However, social media use triggers more psychological unease, as well as more life satisfaction from a longitudinal perspective.

This study addresses the bidirectional relation between social media use and psychological unease. The current study also draws both theoretical and practical implications by unmasking the bright–dark duality of social media use on psychological well-being.

A new breed of robotics more suitable for service applications than manufacturing is appearing. It focuses on autonomous operation rather than control, and is characterized by the flexible, robust, and agile nature of robots' motions. Some such robots, namely the ones called Behavior‐based robots and those robots that operate under the New AI paradigm, share principles of operation with biological systems such as animals and insects. They excel in their mobility and adaptability when allowed to operate “untethered” in the dynamic and highly non‐linear environment of the real world. Processes similar to evolution of living systems are sometimes applied to evolve the software (and occasionally hardware) of these bio‐robots to further increase their adaptability in the operational environment. Some early applications are presented.

Public Health Engineering Services can be briefly defined as providing:

Interpersonal skills training is commonly carried out by skilled tutors who provide feedback and guidelines to trainees, based on their performance in role played interactions. Unfortunately, such tutoring sessions do not always go as planned. The result may be minor “hiccups” which impair the smooth flow of the proceedings or a “tutor's nightmare” where all appears lost. It can be very unnerving for the inexperienced tutor who encounters problems such as a role player who dries up or a course member who resolutely refuses to accept feedback. In this article we describe 13 of the more common tutoring problems, together with our suggestions concerning ways in which they may be handled. These suggestions are not intended to be prescriptive, but they may provide trainee tutors with something to fall back on whilst they are developing their own ways of handling tutoring problems.

This paper aims to study the cross section of expected returns on Shari’ah-compliant stocks in Pakistan by using single- and multi-factor asset pricing models.

To estimate cross section of expected returns of Shari’ah-compliant stocks, the study uses capital asset pricing model (CAPM), Fama-French three-factor model and Fama-French five-factor model. Data for the period 2001-2015 on 217 companies are used. For the market portfolio, PSX-100 and Dow Jones Islamic Index for Pakistan are used.

The study could not find empirical support for CAPM using Lintner (1965), Black et al. (1972) and Fama and Macbeth (1973) approach. Nonetheless, the relation between beta and returns is positive in up-market and negative in down-market. The results of Fama-French three-factor and five-factor models suggest that size premium is positive and significant for explaining the cross section of stock returns of small size stocks, whereas value premium is positive and significant for explaining the cross section of returns of high value stocks.

The results suggest that fund managers can use Shari’ah-compliant stocks for portfolio diversification and for offering specialized investments given the positive market excess returns and the existence of size and value premium on Shari’ah-compliant stocks.

This is the first study on Fama-French (2015) five-factor model for Islamic capital markets in Pakistan.

At perhaps all levels of education, strong leadership skills are often equated with the ability to engage in critical thinking, and effective oral and written communication. The purpose of this study was to identify the self-perceived expansion of animal health interns’ leadership, critical thinking and communication competencies using the University of Florida – Engagement, Cognitive Maturity, and Innovativeness (UF-EMI) and Leadership Skills Inventory (LSI) assessments. For the UF-EMI, the total mean score of the pre-critical thinking disposition of all interns was 104.73; post-critical thinking disposition was 114.46, an increase of 9.73. Results of the LSI indicate just 70% accept who they are and don’t see themselves as good listeners.