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Prior tourism literature neglected the negative motivational or attitudinal elements influencing individuals’ travel destination decisions. This study aims to examine the relationships between animosity, ethnocentrism, attitude, subjective norm (SN), perceived behavioural control (PBC), destination overall image (DOI) and destination visit intention (DVI).

A quantitative approach was used using a survey methodology involving 402 student responses. The proposed hypotheses were empirically tested with SPSS and AMOS.

The results demonstrated that animosity and ethnocentrism negatively influenced DOI and DVI. A positive relationship was reported between attitude, DOI and DVI. Additionally, SN and PBC positively influenced DVI. Ethnocentrism, PBC and DOI were also identified with statistically significant differences through gender. Meanwhile, statistically significant differences in attitude, PBC, DOI and DVI were evident between postgraduate students and the counterparts.

This study extends the existing knowledge on how animosity and ethnocentrism influenced DOI and DVI in tourism literature and benefitted Western tourism and key stakeholders in tourism.

以往的旅游文献忽视了影响个人旅游目的地决策的负面动机或态度因素。本研究考察了敌意、民族中心主义、态度、主观规范（SN）、感知行为控制（PBC）、目的地总体形象（DOI）和目的地访问意向（DVI）之间的关系。

本文采用定量方法之中的调查问卷方法, 涉及402名学生的答复。用SPSS和MOS对提议的假设进行了经验测试。

结果表明, 敌意和民族中心主义对多利和DVI产生了负面影响。态度、DOI和DVI之间有积极的关系。此外, SN 和 PBC 对 DVI 产生了积极影响。民族中心主义、PBC 和 DOI 也被确定为通过性别在统计学上显著差异。同时, 研究生与配对物的态度、PBC、DOI、DVI在态度上存在明显差异。

本研究扩展了关于敌意和民族中心主义如何影响旅游文献中和DVI的现有知识, 并有利于西方旅游业和旅游业主的发展。

Elección de Destino de los Viajeros entre Estudiantes Universitarios en China en medio de COVID-19: Ampliar la Teoría del Comportamiento Planificado

La literatura turística anterior descuidó los elementos motivacionales o actitudinales negativos que influyen en las decisiones de destino de viaje de las personas. Este estudio examinó las relaciones entre la animosidad, el etnocentrismo, la actitud, la norma subjetiva (SN), el control de comportamiento percibido (PBC), la imagen general de destino (DOI) y la intención de visita de destino (DVI).

Se empleó un enfoque cuantitativo utilizando una metodología de encuesta que implicaba 402 respuestas de los estudiantes. Las hipótesis propuestas se probaron empíricamente con SPSS y AMOS.

Los resultados demostraron que la animosidad y el etnocentrismo influyeron negativamente en doi y DVI. Se informó de una relación positiva entre la actitud, doi y DVI. Además, SN y PBC influyeron positivamente en el DVI. El etnocentrismo, el PBC y el DOI también se identificaron con diferencias estadísticamente significativas a través del género. Mientras tanto, las diferencias estadísticamente significativas de actitud, PBC, DOI y DVI eran evidentes entre los estudiantes de posgrado y las contrapartes.

Este estudio amplía los conocimientos existentes sobre cómo la animosidad y el etnocentrismo influyeron en el DOI y la DVI en la literatura turística y beneficiaron al turismo occidental y a las principales partes interesadas en el turismo.

A project manager’s (PM) emotional intelligence (EI) is essential for project performance (PP). However, the cause and effect and the potential moderators of the relationship between EI and PP remain disputed. Some scholars found a positive association between PMs’ EI and project outcomes, while some other studies showed non or negative relation. This paper aims to find the relationship between PMs’ EI and PP and the factors that influence this relationship based on diverse prior research.

This paper conducts a meta-analysis of 5,229 observations based on 24 independent studies from 1990 to 2021.

Results show that PMs’ EI has a significant positive influence on PP, and the project complexity and measurement of PP are two critical moderators explaining inconsistencies in existing research.

The current study proposes suggestions for construction companies on PMs’ selection and training. This study also offers suggestions for PMs in management practice.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to explore the inconsistencies in prior research results on the relationship between PMs’ EI and PP at the meta-analytic level. This research extends the current literature by revealing the factors leading to existing consistencies that are not explored before. This study implies that the meta-analysis method could help reach a balanced conclusion based on inconsistent results.

The segmentation of printed circuit board (PCB) images is an important process in PCB inspection. The circuit traces, pads and vias in a PCB are dense and curved, and the PCB image obtained using different cameras or in different conditions may exhibit a large image gradient, which leads to inaccuracy and inefficiency in the PCB image segmentation. This paper aims to propose an improved local binary fitting level set method with prior graph cut, aiming to improve the accuracy and efficiency of the segmentation of PCB images obtained using different cameras or in different environments.

First, the paper constructs a 4-connected undirected graph using a given PCB image and classifies it based on the graph cut. Second, an adaptive initialization level set is implemented using the priori information obtained from the graph cut. Finally, the paper constructs a priori energy term using the prior information and introduces it into the energy function of the level set.

The approach results in an improved accuracy of segmentation in the context of a large gradient within the image. Experimental results demonstrate that the method can solve the deviation of artificially initialized level set from targets and improve the efficiency and accuracy of segmentation.

This study only considers level set method as the research object. Iteration of the level set method takes a long time for a given huge PCB picture, which makes it impossible to apply to scenes with high real-time requirements.

PCB image segmentation is an important process in the PCB inspection. Since template matching and morphology techniques are well-established, image segmentation quality has a significant impact on the accuracy of detection.

This paper studies the segmentation of PCB images, improves the efficiency and accuracy of segmentation and facilitates the subsequent applications, such as in the nondestructive testing of PCB.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the key factors that explain intention to use e-wallet services (perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitude, subjective norm, positive disconfirmation and perceived behavioral control). The moderating role of perceived value in the relationship between satisfaction and their intention to continue using the e-wallet is also examined.

A total of 257 e-wallet users participated in an online survey and hypotheses were tested with SPSS/PLS-SEM.

The constructs technology acceptance model (TAM), theory of planned behavior (TPB) and user satisfaction affect intention to use. However, perceived value does not strengthen the relationship between user satisfaction and e-wallet usage intention.

The TAM, TPB and expectancy disconfirmation model (EDM) constructs help explain the use of e-wallet services. These results will help the providers of these services to understand user behavior and to design their marketing strategies more appropriately to ensure consumer satisfaction and their intention to use e-wallet services.

This study adopts a holistic and integrative approach to explain the continued use of e-wallet services. The model integrates three basic adoption theories: TAM, TPB and EDM.

El propósito es investigar los factores clave que explican la intención de utilizar los servicios de monedero electrónico (utilidad percibida, facilidad de uso percibida, actitud, norma subjetiva y control conductual percibido). También se examina el papel moderador del valor percibido en la relación entre la satisfacción y su intención de seguir usando el monedero electrónico.

257 usuarios de monederos electrónicos participaron en una encuesta online y las hipótesis fueron contrastadas con SPSS/PLS-SEM.

los constructos TAM (modelo de aceptación de la tecnología), TPB (teoría del comportamiento planificado) y la satisfacción del usuario afectan a la intención de uso. Sin embargo, el valor percibido no refuerza la relación entre la satisfacción del usuario y la intención de uso del monedero electrónico.

Este estudio adopta un enfoque holístico e integrador para explicar el uso continuado de los servicios de monedero electrónico. El modelo integra tres teorías básicas de adopción: TAM, TPB y EDM (modelo de desconfirmación de expectativas).

los constructos TAM, TPB y EDM permiten explicar el uso de los servicios de monedero electrónico. Estos resultados ayudarán a los proveedores de estos servicios a comprender el comportamiento de los usuarios y diseñar sus estrategias de marketing de forma más adecuada para garantizar la satisfacción del consumidor y su intención de utilizar los servicios de monedero electrónico.

目的是研究解释使用电子钱包服务意向的关键因素（感知的有用性、感知的易用性、态度、主观规范和感知的行为控制）。此外, 还研究了感知价值在满意度和他们继续使用电子钱包的意向之间的调节作用。

257名电子钱包用户参与了一项在线调查, 用SPSS/PLS-SEM对假设进行了检验。

TAM（技术接受模型）、TPB（计划行为理论）和用户满意度影响使用意向。然而, 感知价值并没有加强用户满意度和电子钱包使用意向之间的关系。

本研究采用了一种整体和综合的方法来解释电子钱包服务的持续使用。该模型整合了三个基本的采用理论：TAM、TPB和EDM（期望不确认模型）。

TAM、TPB和EDM构造有助于解释电子钱包服务的使用。这些结果将有助于电子钱包服务提供商了解用户行为, 并更恰当地设计他们的营销策略, 以确保消费者的满意度和他们使用电子钱包服务的意向。

This paper aims to propose a train timetable rescheduling (TTR) approach from the perspective of multi-train tracking optimization based on the mutual spatiotemporal information in the high-speed railway signaling system.

Firstly, a single-train trajectory optimization (STTO) model is constructed based on train dynamics and operating conditions. The train kinematics parameters, including acceleration, speed and time at each position, are calculated to predict the arrival times in the train timetable. A STTO algorithm is developed to optimize a single-train time-efficient driving strategy. Then, a TTR approach based on multi-train tracking optimization (TTR-MTTO) is proposed with mutual information. The constraints of temporary speed restriction (TSR) and end of authority are decoupled to calculate the tracking trajectory of the backward tracking train. The multi-train trajectories at each position are optimized to generate a time-efficient train timetable.

The numerical experiment is performed on the Beijing-Tianjin high-speed railway line and CR400AF. The STTO algorithm predicts the train’s planned arrival time to calculate the total train delay (TTD). As for the TSR scenario, the proposed TTR-MTTO can reduce TTD by 60.60% compared with the traditional TTR approach with dispatchers’ experience. Moreover, TTR-MTTO can optimize a time-efficient train timetable to help dispatchers reschedule trains more reasonably.

With the cooperative relationship and mutual information between train rescheduling and control, the proposed TTR-MTTO approach can automatically generate a time-efficient train timetable to reduce the total train delay and the work intensity of dispatchers.

Nowadays, faced with increasingly dynamic and fierce competition, knowledge is considered to be the core to survive and maintain competitive advantages in both managerial practices and academia. Against this background, this study analyzed the influence of technological capabilities (TC) and technology management (TM) on corporate economic performance in the contexts of corporate internal governance mechanisms and external institutional environment from the institutional perspective.

This study collected data on Chinese publicly listed manufacturing firms in Shenzhen and Shanghai stock markets from 2008 to 2017 and the final data included 3,679 firm-year observations. Ordinary least square regression was used in both regression analysis and robustness tests.

The empirical results showed that the interaction between TC and TM was positively related to corporate economic performance and both corporate incentives and monitoring mechanisms strengthened this positive relationship; the positive moderating effects of corporate governance were stronger under a more developed corporate external institutional environment.

This research provides a better understanding of the economic effect of TC and TM from the perspective of knowledge integration by indicating that the interaction between TC and TM can enhance corporate economic performance and delimiting the boundaries of this relationship from the institutional perspective.

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is significant in the financial market. Despite plenty of existing research on CSR, few studies have quantified the fine-grained aspects of CSR and examined how diverse CSR aspects are associated with firms' trade credit. Based on the released CSR reports, this paper strives to measure the CSR fulfillment of firms and examine the relationships between CSR and trade credit in terms of textual features presented in these reports.

This research proposes a natural language processing-based framework to extract the overall readability and the sentiment of fine-grained aspects from CSR reports, which can signal the performance of firms' CSR in diverse aspects. Furthermore, this paper explores how the textual features are associated with trade credit through partial dependence plots (PDPs), and PDPs can generate both linear and nonlinear relationships.

The study’s results reveal that the overall readability of the reports is positively associated with trade credit, while the performance of the fine-grained CSR aspects mentioned in the CSR reports matters differently. The performance of the environment has a positive impact on trade credit; the performance of creditors, suppliers and information disclosure, shows a U-shaped influence on trade credit; while the performance of the government and customers is negatively associated with trade credit.

This study expands the scope of research on CSR and trade credit by investigating fine-grained aspects covered in CSR reports. It also offers some managerial implications in the allocation of CSR resources and the presentation of CSR reports.

The reaction dynamics of combustible clouds at high temperatures and pressures are a common form of energy output in aerospace and explosion accidents. The cloud explosion process is often affected by the external initial conditions. This study aims to numerically study the effects of airflow velocity, initial temperature and fuel concentration on the explosion behavior of isopropyl nitrate/air mixture in a semiconstrained combustor.

The discrete-phase model was adopted to consider the interaction between the gas-phase and droplet particles. A wave model was applied to the droplet breakup. A finite rate/eddy dissipation model was used to simulate the explosion process of the fuel cloud.

The peak pressure and temperature growth rate both decrease with the increasing initial temperature (1,000–2,200 K) of the combustor at a lower airflow velocity. The peak pressure increases with the increase of airflow velocity (50–100 m/s), whereas the peak temperature is not sensitive to the initial high temperature. The peak pressure of the two-phase explosion decreases with concentration (200–1,500 g/m³), whereas the peak temperature first increases and then decreases as the concentration increases.

Chain explosion reactions often occur under high-temperature, high-pressure and turbulent conditions. This study aims to provide prevention and data support for a gas–liquid two-phase explosion.

Sustained turbulence is realized by continuously injecting air and liquid fuel into a semiconfined high-temperature and high-pressure combustor to obtain the reaction dynamic parameters of a two-phase explosion.

This paper aims to investigate the effect of the Cu, Ni and Ag addition in Sn5Sb-based alloy on the mechanical properties and its mechanism.

The micro-indentation, creeping test of the Cu/Sn5Sb–0.5Cu–0.1Ni–0.5Ag/Cu and Cu/Sn–5Sb/Cu were conducted, and its microstructure was analysed. The scanning electron microscope and the metallographic microscope characterized the microstructure of the Sn5Sb–0.5Cu–0.1Ni–0.5Ag/Cu and Sn–5Sb/Cu joints.

The microstructure of Cu/Sn5Sb–0.5Cu–0.1Ni–0.5Ag/Cu is distributed with the fine (Cu,Ni)6Sn5 and Ag3Sn intermetallic compounds (IMCs), whereas the Cu6Sn5 and Sn3Sb2 in Cu/Sn–5Sb/Cu is larger and far more less. This investigation reveals that the addition of the Cu, Ni and Ag elements reinforced mechanical properties and provided a technical basis for the development of Sn–Sb alloy with good mechanical properties.

This paper reveals that the hardness and the modulus of the bulk solder Cu/Sn–5Sb/Cu solder joints were improved with the addition of Cu, Ni and Ag trace elements. Meanwhile, the creep resistance and plasticity were also improved. This study has a great value for exploring high-performance Sn–Sb based solder alloy and has proved an example.

This study aims to propose a simple experimental method to distinguish the galvanic corrosion, crevice corrosion and self-corrosion in metal/carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) joints.

The corrosion behaviors of four different galvanic couples, whose anodes were Zn-coated DP590 steel and Al 6022, and cathodes were two kinds of CFRP, were investigated in immersion and GMW14872 cyclic conditions.

The results showed that the galvanic corrosion caused by direct contact between CFRP and metals was more serious than that caused by the jointing bolts. The corrosion damage caused by crevice corrosion was severer than that caused by galvanic corrosion. Self-corrosion was also significant, particularly under the cyclic salt spray condition.

Cyclic salt spray test may more reliably simulate the galvanic corrosion of a joint in industrial service environments, and real corrosion damage may be underestimated by a galvanic current measurement.

A deeper understanding of different corrosion mechanisms involved in CFRP/metal joints under different service conditions in industry has been given.