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The purpose of this paper is to apply Paulo Freire’s writings from Pedagogy of the Oppressed to critique current efforts to reduce cancer health disparities (CHDs) among Latinos in the USA.

Freire’s writings on oppression, critical consciousness, praxis and dialogical education are applied to recent efforts to reduce CHDs among Latinos in the USA through the use of promotores.

Freireian teachings can provide insight on ways to engage Latino communities in culturally sensitive conversations that respect deeply rooted beliefs, and address the political and socioeconomic inequities many continue to face. Programs must revisit Freire’s political and transformative roots to ensure efforts to reduce CHDs also promote health equity and community empowerment.

Public health initiatives should incorporate Freireian principles of dialogical education and critical consciousness in the development of cancer prevention and screening programs tailored to Latinos in the USA to ensure program longevity and success.

Approaching conversations and interactions dialogically can foster critical engagement and empower collective action among Latino communities in efforts to improve their environments and reduce health disparities.

This is a multi-layered analysis of different social and structural factors influencing CHDs among Latinos in the USA, and is coupled with a historical overview of colonialism and oppression in Latin America. It culminates in suggestions on ways to improve future public health efforts that embrace Freireian approaches and promote health equity.

Tour guides play a significant role in sustainable tourism development as leaders, mediators, resource managers and promoters of economic prosperity. This paper aims to show how local Tibetan tour guides practice sustainable tourism in their encounters with Western tourists.

The data consists primarily of 15 in-depth interviews with native Tibetan guides,Content analysis of the data were undertaken.

It was found that the guides adopt sustainable tourism practices based on their local religious wisdom and experiences as they try to establish harmonious host–guest relationships. Western clients also encourage guides to adopt more proenvironmental behaviors. The “hosts” live by Buddhist concepts such as samsara that are in line with concepts such as altruism and benevolence. Most “guests” are well-behaved and try to build sincere mutual relationships with local people. Host and guest cocreate value for local sustainable tourism practice.

Tour guides can practice sustainable tourism in a leadership role or as mediators, resource managers or promoters of economic prosperity. They also maintain a sincere and kind relationship with their guests that goes beyond the instrumental host–guest relationship and might help to cocreate value for local sustainable tourism practices.

Tour guides’ sustainable practices have been examined in the past based on their roles as leader, mediator, resource manager and promoter of economic prosperity. But researchers have seldom examined circumstances in which the tourists and tour guides were from different cultures. This paper addresses this gap.

导游作为领导者、中介者、资源管理者和经济繁荣的促进者, 在旅游可持续发展中发挥着重要的作用。本文展示了藏族导游在与西方游客的接触中如何实践可持续旅游。

深度访谈15个对当地藏族导游, 对收集的数据进行内容分析。

导游基于本土的宗教智慧和经验, 尝试与建立更加和谐的主客关系时, 从而实现可持续旅游实践。西方客户也鼓励导游采取更环保的行为。“主人” 的生活遵循佛教轮回等观念, 提倡“利他”、“仁爱”。大多数“客人” 都行为得体, 试图与当地人建立真诚的相互关系。主客共同为当地可持续旅游实践创造价值。

导游可以作为领导角色或中介、资源管理者或经济繁荣的促进者实践可持续旅游。他们还与客人保持真诚和友好的关系, 这超越了工具性的主客关系, 可能有助于共同为当地可持续旅游实践创造价值。

在过去的研究中, 导游的可持续实践基于他们作为领导者、中间人、资源管理者和经济繁荣的促进者。但研究人员对游客和导游来自不同文化的情境缺少关注, 我们的研究试图解答这一问题。

Los guías turísticos desempeñan un papel importante en el desarrollo del turismo sostenible como líderes, mediadores, administradores de recursos y promotores de la prosperidad económica. Este documento muestra, cómo los guías turísticos tibetanos locales practican el turismo sostenible en sus encuentros con turistas occidentales.

Los datos consisten principalmente en 15 entrevistas en profundidad con guías tibetanos nativos. Los datos fueron analizados mediante el método de análisis de contenido.

Se encontró que, los guías adoptan prácticas de turismo sostenible basadas en su sabiduría y experiencias religiosas locales, mientras intentan establecer relaciones armoniosas entre el anfitrión y el huésped. Los clientes occidentales, también alientan a los guías a adoptar comportamientos más proambientales. Los “anfitriones”, viven según conceptos budistas, como el samsara, que están en línea con conceptos como el altruismo y la benevolencia. La mayoría de los “visitantes” se comportan bien y tratan de construir relaciones mutuas sinceras con la gente local. El anfitrión y el huesped, co-crean valor para la práctica local de turismo sostenible.

Los guías turísticos pueden practicar el turismo sostenible en un papel de liderazgo o como mediadores, administradores de recursos o promotores de la prosperidad económica. También mantienen una relación sincera y amable con sus huéspedes que va más allá de la relación instrumental anfitrión-huésped y podría ayudar a co-crear valor para las prácticas locales de turismo sostenible.

Las prácticas sostenibles de nuestra guía han sido examinadas en el pasado en función de sus roles como líder, mediador, gestor de recursos y promotor de la prosperidad económica. Pero los investigadores, rara vez han examinado las circunstancias en las que los turistas y los guías turísticos eran de diferentes culturas. Abordamos esta brecha.

The purpose of this paper is to assess perceptions of organizational readiness to integrate clinic-based community health workers (cCHWs) between traditional CHWs and potential cCHW employers and their staff in order to inform training and implementation models.

A cross-sectional mixed-methods approach evaluated readiness to change perceptions of traditional CHWs and potential employers and their staff. Quantitative methods included a printed survey for CHWs and online surveys in Qualtrics for employers/staff. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Qualitative data were collected via focus groups and key informant interviews. Data were analyzed with NVIVO 11 Plus software.

CHWs and employers and staff were statistically different in their perceptions on appropriateness, management support and change efficacy (p<0.0001, 0.0134 and 0.0020, respectively). Yet, their differences lay within the general range of agreement for cCHW integration (4=somewhat agree to 6=strongly agree). Three themes emerged from the interviews which provided greater insight into their differences and commonalities: perspectives on patient-centered care, organizational systems and scope of practice, and training, experiences and expectations.

Community health workers serve to fill the gaps in the social and health care systems. They are an innovation as an emerging workforce in health care settings. Health care organizations need to learn how to integrate paraprofessionals such as cCHWs. Understanding readiness to adopt the integration of cCHWs into clinical settings will help prepare systems through trainings and adapting organizational processes that help build capacity for successful and sustainable integration.

In the last 10 years or so, a growing body of research has highlighted the importance of social movements as the mechanism through which fields change or new fields emerge. This article contributes to this body of research by studying how an organization was able to promote institutional change from the center of a field by channeling the legitimacy generated by local religious movements. Data comes from the archives of a special commission within the Catholic Church that developed rules for adjudicating miracles performed by candidates to sainthood. The social movement is composed of candidates and their supporters who mobilized local communities using miracles. The period of the analysis was the aftermath of the Protestant Schism, when long-established practices and beliefs were fundamentally challenged. By approving miracles that created ties between individuals that spanned across kinship and social status boundaries, the commission was able to channel legitimacy into the wounded core of the Church. At the same time, receiving Rome’s approval reduced the competition the candidate’s supporters faced from other religious activists. The noncontentious interaction that occurred between the two actors gave birth to the field of modern sainthood. The main implication for organization theory is that, even in the absence of conflict, a new environment and ideology can emerge endogenously from the center of a field and transform both the organization and the social movement.

Sustainable consumption is a crucial route to sustainable tourism. Hence, the purpose of this study is to investigate the individual and combined effect of social learning and eco-labels on the green hotel selection.

This study used a between-subject online experimental method with 199 respondents, which is used only in around 15% of published tourism articles. Additionally, this method provided reliability and control features.

Social learning and eco-labels individually could not influence tourists to select green hotels. However, the interaction of positive performance social learning with eco-labels could potentially influence tourists' green hotel selection. Therefore, internalizing green hotel performance from trusted sources and external validation bring behavioral changes among tourists to select green hotels. This study offers a new social learning-based model for understanding sustainable consumption.

This study can use various other types of social influences and can be expanded to other green settings.

This study provides policy and promotion formulation insights to hotel managers and sustainable tourism promoters to market green hotels.

Away from the traditional theory, this study bridges the gap between social learning of performance from relatable sources, assurance from governing entities and sustainable consumption. The interaction effect of social influence and eco-label on green hotel selection is a novel finding. Also, this study introduces various levels of social learning to the discussion of sustainable consumption.

该研究对 199 名受访者使用了主题间在线实验方法, 仅在大约 15% 的已发表旅游文章中使用。此外, 这种方法提供了可靠性和控制功能。

可持续消费是可持续旅游的重要途径。因此, 本研究调查了社会学习和生态标签对绿色酒店选择的个体和综合影响。

单独的社会学习和生态标签不能影响游客选择绿色酒店。然而, 积极绩效社会学习与生态标签的相互作用可能会影响游客对绿色酒店的选择。因此, 从可信赖的来源和外部验证中内化绿色酒店绩效, 会带来游客选择绿色酒店的行为变化。该研究为理解可持续消费提供了一种新的基于社会学习的模型。

该研究可以使用各种其他类型的社会影响, 并可以扩展到其他绿色环境。

它为酒店经理和可持续旅游推广者提供了政策和促销制定的见解, 以推销绿色酒店。

与传统理论不同, 本文填补了相关来源的绩效社会学习、管理实体的保证和可持续消费之间的研究空白。社会影响和生态标签对绿色酒店选择的交互作用是一个新的发现。此外, 它还将不同层次的社会学习引入到可持续消费的讨论中。

El estudio utilizó un método experimental online entre sujetos con 199 encuestados, utilizado sólo en alrededor del 15% de los artículos de turismo publicados. Además, este método ofrecía características de fiabilidad y control.

El consumo sostenible es una vía crucial para el turismo sostenible. Por ello, este estudio investiga el efecto individual y combinado del aprendizaje social y las etiquetas ecológicas en la selección de hoteles ecológicos.

El aprendizaje social y las ecoetiquetas por separado no pudieron influir en los turistas para que seleccionaran hoteles ecológicos. Sin embargo, la interacción del aprendizaje social del rendimiento positivo con las ecoetiquetas podría influir potencialmente en la selección de hoteles ecológicos por parte de los turistas. Por lo tanto, la interiorización del rendimiento de los hoteles ecológicos a partir de fuentes de confianza y la validación externa provocan cambios de comportamiento entre los turistas para seleccionar hoteles ecológicos. El estudio ofrece un nuevo modelo basado en el aprendizaje social para entender el consumo sostenible.

El estudio puede utilizar otros tipos de influencias sociales y puede ampliarse a otros entornos ecológicos.

Proporciona ideas para la formulación de políticas y promociones a los directores de hoteles y a los promotores del turismo sostenible para comercializar hoteles ecológicos.

Se aleja de la teoría tradicional y tiende un puente entre el aprendizaje social de los resultados a partir de fuentes relacionadas, la garantía de las entidades gobernantes y el consumo sostenible. El efecto de la interacción entre la influencia social y la etiqueta ecológica en la selección de hoteles ecológicos es un hallazgo novedoso. Además, introduce varios niveles de aprendizaje social en el debate sobre el consumo sostenible.

This study aims to track and integrate past research concerning how tourism might improve natural disaster management, detect thematic research areas and develop an agenda for future research.

Using a systematic literature review methodology, this research synthesises academic papers indexed in the Scopus, Web of Science and EBSCOhost (Hospitality & Tourism Complete) databases. A total of 34 articles published in peer-reviewed English journals were systematically selected for review and analysed using a thematic approach.

This review highlights a growing interest in the potential and value of tourism for disaster management. Eight key themes emerged in the review, including education and information communication about disasters; tourism facilities for disaster preparation; tourism resources in emergency conditions; livelihoods and economic recovery; disaster-related tourism attractions for recovery; destination re-branding and re-framing; community reinvigoration in tourism-driven disaster recovery; and special-interest tourism for recovery. A natural disaster management schematic empowered by tourism highlights tourism industry opportunities to positively impact the entire disaster management process.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this work offers the first systematic review of the research on how tourism might support multiple stages of natural disaster management. This study thus complements and enriches extant literature reviews on the nexus between tourism and disaster management. The framework presents timely guidelines for planners, developers and other key stakeholders to leverage tourism initiatives to improve disaster management outcomes.

本研究旨在追溯和整合以往研究中关于旅游业如何提升自然灾害管理的实践和发现, 明确主要研究领域并提出未来研究议程。

通过系统文献综述方法, 本研究综合了Scopus, Web of Science和EBSCOhost（Hospitality & Tourism Complete）数据库中索引的学术论文。共有34篇发表在同行评审的英文期刊上的文章被系统地筛选出来, 随后使用主题分析方法进行分析。

文献综述发现, 学者和行业实践者对旅游业在灾害管理方面的潜力和价值越来越感兴趣。综述分析发现了八个关键领域：灾害的教育和信息交流; 旅游设施用于备灾; 旅游资源用于紧急情况; 生计和经济复苏; 灾难相关的旅游吸引物; 灾难地品牌重塑和重构; 旅游业驱动的社区灾后重振; 灾后重建中的特殊兴趣旅游。本文设计了由旅游业赋权的自然灾害管理示意图, 突出了旅游业对整个灾害管理进程产生的积极影响和潜在机会。

本文首次系统地回顾了旅游业如何支持多个自然灾害管理阶段的相关研究。此项研究补充和丰富了关于旅游业与灾害管理之间关系的现有文献综述。该框架为规划者、开发商和其他主要利益相关者在利用旅游举措来改善灾害管理方面提供了及时的指导方针。

Este estudio identifica e integra las investigaciones anteriores sobre cómo el turismo podría mejorar la gestión de desastres naturales, detecta áreas temáticas de investigación y elabora una agenda para la investigación futura.

Usando una metodología de revisión sistemática de la literatura, esta investigación sintetiza artículos académicos indexados en las bases de datos Scopus, Web of Science y EBSCOhost (Hospitality & Tourism Complete). Se seleccionaron sistemáticamente un total de 34 artículos publicados en revistas inglesas con revisión por pares para su revisión y análisis mediante un enfoque temático.

Esta revisión pone de relieve el creciente interés por el potencial y el valor del turismo en la gestión de desastres. En la revisión surgieron ocho temas clave: la educación y la comunicación de información sobre desastres; instalaciones turísticas para la preparación ante desastres; recursos turísticos en condiciones de emergencia; medios de subsistencia y recuperación económica; atracciones turísticas relacionadas con los desastres para la recuperación; cambio de marca y replanteamiento del destino; revitalización de la comunidad en la recuperación de desastres impulsada por el turismo; y el turismo de interés especial para la recuperación. Un esquema de gestión de desastres naturales potenciado por el turismo pone de relieve las oportunidades de la industria turística para influir positivamente en todo el proceso de gestión de desastres.

Este trabajo ofrece la primera revisión sistemática de la investigación sobre cómo el turismo podría apoyar las múltiples etapas de la gestión de desastres naturales. Este estudio complementa y enriquece la bibliografía existente sobre el nexo entre el turismo y la gestión de desastres. El marco presenta directrices oportunas para que los planificadores, los promotores y otras partes interesadas clave aprovechen las iniciativas turísticas para mejorar los resultados de la gestión de desastres.

The importance of crowdfunding has grown considerably in recent years. Its potential as a source of financing has captured the attention of academia. In view of the challenge of creating a cleaner energy system and the considerable investments required to reach this goal, the literature has pointed to crowdlending as a viable alternative due to its social qualities. However, the literature on this regard is still scarce. This paper aims to contribute to this gap by examining some of the critical factors that determine the performance of financing renewable energy projects through crowdlending.

The data collected from the ECrowd! platform is studied through fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) as research method.

The results emphasize the importance of the founders’ presence in social networks and the amount of information provided in the description. They also suggest that investors do not react negatively to projects of larger amounts and terms and that giving rewards does not have a significant impact on the campaigns results.

The literature linking crowdfunding and sustainability is still scarce, which is why this paper contributes to filling this gap by identifying some of the factors that have a significant impact on the performance of campaigns. Critical conditions used are grouped into three categories: loan characteristics, project description and social capital. Conclusions help promoters and platforms to know what actions they should take in order to enhance their campaigns performance.

La importancia del crowdfunding ha crecido considerablemente en los últimos años. Su potential como fuente de financiación ha captado la atención del mundo académico. Ante el desafío de crear un sistema energético más limpio y las considerables inversiones necesarias para alcanzar este objetivo, la literatura ha apuntado al crowdlending como una alternativa viable por sus cualidades sociales. Sin embargo, la literatura al respecto aún es escasa. Este documento tiene como objetivo contribuir a esta brecha examinando algunos de los factores críticos que determinan el desempeño de la financiación de proyectos de energía renovable a través del crowdlending.

Los datos recopilados de la plataforma ECrowd! se estudian utilizando el análisis comparativo cualitativo de conjuntos difusos (fsQCA) como método de investigación.

Las condiciones críticas utilizadas se agrupan en tres categorías: características del préstamo, descripción del proyecto y redes sociales. Los resultados recalcan la importancia de la presencia de los fundadores en las redes sociales y de la cantidad de información proporcionada en la descripción. También sugieren que los inversores no reaccionan negativamente ante proyectos de mayores importes y plazos y que dar recompensas no tiene un impacto significativo en los resultados de las campañas.

La literatura que vincula el crowdfunding y la sostenibilidad es aún escasa, por lo que este trabajo contribuye a llenar este vacío al identificar algunos de los factores que tienen un impacto significativo en el desempeño de las campañas. Las condiciones críticas utilizadas se agrupan en tres categorías: características del préstamo, descripción del proyecto y capital social. Las conclusiones ayudan a los promotores y plataformas a saber qué acciones deben realizar para mejorar el desempeño de sus campañas.

To determine healthcare utilization issues for low-income Hispanic immigrants who have both excess weight and chronic pain.

Community health workers conducted at-home interviews with 101 middle-aged and older Mexican Americans (aged 40-79 years, M=52.1±8.8) associated with a community agency in southern California to evaluate healthcare underutilization and reported reasons for not using medical or pharmaceutical care.

Almost all participants (91 percent) reported having received at least some medical care in the year preceding the study interview. However, at some point during the prior year, 62 percent had not seen a doctor when it was needed and 45 percent had not taken a prescribed medication. While the primary reason for underutilization was financial, communication, and trust reasons were also reported.

Although cross-sectional and geographically restricted, this study lays the foundation for additional research on reasons for underutilization of recommended healthcare and lack of pain management in low-income Hispanic immigrants who are overweight and have chronic pain.

Policy implications include the urgent need for health insurance.

Implications for providers include the need for accurate pain assessment and better communication about medication to prevent non-adherence in this population.

The current study highlights the existence of healthcare underutilization among overweight and obese Mexican Americans with chronic pain and identifies specific barriers to care, care seeking, and pain management.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the issue of efficiency in the Brazilian motor carrier industry, which has undergone significant transformations since the economy deregulation in the mid-1990s. The main research objective is to determine whether or not different types of cargoes and geographic regions serviced significantly impact trucking managerial efficiency levels.

Research objectives are accomplished by applying a two-stage data envelopment analysis model with bootstrapped estimates. Based on an unbalanced panel model, secondary data from the annual study published by Transporte Moderno (years 2002-2010) were collected and analyzed.

Results support anecdotal evidence regarding a heterogeneous impact of cargo mix and route mix on efficiency levels.

A major limitation of this work concerns the fact of working with secondary data instead of primary data, especially with respect to the set of inputs and outputs used in the analysis, which may not cover all aspects relevant to building an efficiency frontier. Despite this limitation, the study has made an important contribution in its use of panel data to demonstrate the impacts of different types of cargoes and geographic regions serviced on managerial efficiency levels in the trucking industry.

Managerial impacts in terms of mergers and acquisitions are addressed.

The contribution of this study is twofold. On the theoretical side, a valuable scale for the measurement of managerial efficiency was built and validated, representing an index toward the most productive cargo/route mix. On the other hand, the managerial implication of this possibility of measuring the efficiency levels is that motor carriers can use it as a basis for establishing future action plans.

Brazil, DEA, Longitudinal study, Efficiency drivers, Trucking industry, Unbalanced panel

 Research paper

El estudio investiga el tema de la eficiencia en la industria del transporte Brasileña, la cual ha experimentado cambios significativos desde la desregulación de la economía a mediados de los años noventa. El objetivo principal de la investigación es determinar si los diferentes tipos de cargas y regiones geográficas que han recibido los servicios impactan significativamente o no los niveles de eficiencia administrativa de las empresas de camiones.

Los objetivos de la investigación se lograron usando un modelo DEA de dos etapas con estimaciones bootstrap. Basado en un modelo de panel no balanceado, se obtuvieron y analizaron datos secundarios del estudio anual publicados por Transporte Moderno (años 2002-2010).

Los resultados apoyan la evidencia anécdota en lo relacionado con el impacto heterogéneo de mezcla de cargas y una combinación de rutas en los niveles de eficiencia.

La limitación más grande de este trabajo es el hecho de trabajar con datos secundarios en vez de usar datos primarios, especialmente en relación con el set de inputs y outputs usados en este análisis, que podrían no cubrir todos los aspectos relevantes en la construcción de una frontera eficiente. A pesar de esta limitación, este estudio hace una importante contribución al usar datos de panel para demostrar los impactos de los diferentes tipos de cargas y regiones geográficas atendidas, en los niveles de eficiencia de la administración de la industria de transporte de camiones.

Se discuten los impactos de administración en términos fusiones y adquisiciones.

La contribución de este estudio es doble. Por el lado teórico, una escala relevante para medir la eficiencia de la administración fue construida y validada, que representa un índice hacia la combinación carga/ruta más efectiva. Por otro lado, las implicaciones administrativas de la posibilidad de medir niveles de eficiencia es que las empresas de transportes pueden usarloa como base para establecer planes futuros de acción.

Estudio longitudinal, Industria camionera, Brasil, DEA, Promotores de eficiencia, Panel no balanceado

 Trabajo de investigación

A pesquisa investiga o tema da eficiência na indústria brasileira de transporte rodoviário, a qual tem experimentado mudanças significativas desde a desregulamentação da economia em meados dos anos noventa. O objetivo principal da pesquisa é determinar se os diferentes tipos de cargas e de regiões geográficas atendidas impactam significativamente ou não nos níveis de eficiência na gestão de cargas rodoviárias.

Os objetivos da pesquisa foram atingidos usando um modelo DEA de dois estágios com estimativas bootstrap. Baseados em um modelo de painel, foram recolhidos e analisados dados secundários publicados no estudo anual da publicação Transporte Moderno (anos 2002-2010).

Os resultados apoiam a evidência baseada no senso comum relacionada ao impacto heterogêneo do mix de cargas e do mix de rotas nos níveis de eficiência.

A maior limitação de esta pesquisa concerne ao fato de trabalhar com dados secundários em vez de dados primários, especialmente em relação com a série de inputs e outputs utilizados na análise, que não puderam cobrir todos os aspectos relevantes para definição da fronteira de eficiência. Apesar dessa limitação, esta pesquisa traz uma importante contribuição ao utilizar dados de painel para demonstrar os impactos dos diferentes tipos de cargas e de regiões geográficas atendidas sobre os níveis de eficiência na gestão do transporte de cargas rodoviárias.

Os impactos da gestão em termos de fusão e aquisição são abordados.

A contribuição deste estudo é dupla. Pelo lado teórico, foi construída e validada uma escala relevante para medir a eficiência de gestão de cargas rodoviárias, que indica um índice para a combinação mais efetiva da combinação entre cargas e rotas. Por outro lado, quanto às implicações gerenciais, a possibilidade de medir os níveis de eficiência criam a possibilidade das empresas de transportes utilizá-los como base para futuros planos de ação.

Estudo longitudinal, Setor de transporte rodoviário, Brasil, DEA, Condutores de eficiência, Dados em painel

 Trabalhos de pesquisa

A systematic literature review was performed to better understand the health promotion interventions proposed within the academic literature that aim to reduce the spread of sexually transmitted disease (STD) among Mexican migrants.

The systematic review performed in this paper aimed to answer the research question: What interventions have been proposed within the academic literature to reduce the incidence of STD among Mexican migrants? A five-step decision tree was developed to review the 5,121 generated from the initial query. The final data set included 384 articles, 19 of which focussed on the target population.

Results of the systematic review reflected eight themes: cultural, attitudinal, and contextual considerations, behavior modification, demographic factors, education, community mobilization, and access to services. The majority of themes suggest that structural level change is needed.

Research on Mexican migrants in the USA is scant. Oftentimes research studies focus on “Hispanics” as a unit, neglecting the uniqueness of each individual subgroup. This paper addresses this limitation by focussing on Mexican migrants, a rapidly growing US population.