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This chapter aims to discuss the challenges facing these countries building productive capacity for development. This chapter makes use of data published by international organizations as indicators for measuring the state of development in the Arab region. Several indicators are presented to compare Arab countries with other world regions. The use of data identifies some of the gaps that countries in the Arab region need to close to strengthen capacity building for development and fostering economic growth. The findings from the data presented reveal that the productive structure in most Arab countries remains weak to generate production linkages and provide incentives for investment in nonenergy sectors. The failure of the export-led growth model to diversify output and promote development in energy producing countries has increased the dependence of these countries on global trade. Fluctuations in commodity prices and uncertainty about global demand for energy have influenced the ability of the state to construct strategies for rapid transformation. Except for the energy sector, the productivity of nonoil sectors remains low reflecting inadequate incentives and ineffective entrepreneurial capabilities. The study examines the challenges for building productive capacity in the Arab world. It illustrates the failure of the led-export model and its inability to prompted economic diversification, especially in the Gulf countries. The study contributes to the literature on capacity building in the Arab world so that to encourage researchers and students of development conducting studies concerning the main development challenges facing these countries.

Joint research is pointed out by the literature as a potentially virtuous cooperation scheme to generate learning in the public sphere and beneficial effects in society. The purpose of this study, based on the Argentine experience in the COVID-19 pandemic, is to analyze the network of capacities, relationships and effects generated, over time, by a series of projects financed by the State in 2010, to clarify the link between learning effects and social effects.

A qualitative methodology focused on the multiple case study method was used. Each case covers joint R&D projects financed 10 years ago by the state that subsequently led to different solutions for COVID-19.

The work identifies a public learning process that integrates both industry’s contributions and the intellectual dimension of economic benefits and their translation into specific capabilities; conceptualizes the capacities accumulation process as a multiplier of social effects (direct and indirect) that emerge as knowledge is reused; identifies the articulation between different schemes as a condition for learning effects and social effects to manifest over time.

An aspect not studied in the literature is addressed, the relationship between the learning process induced by joint research, in terms of capabilities, and the social effects specifically generated over time. This is taking place in a context, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, where calls from the scientific and academic community to promote science–industry cooperation are multiplying.

This article aims to evaluate the entry and exit of companies from local productive structures, with a specific focus on the sectoral complexity of these activities and the complexity of these portfolios. The study focuses on empirically demonstrating the thesis that related economic diversification exacerbates the development gap between more and less complex regions.

The article uses indicators formulated by the economic complexity approach. They allow a relevant descriptive analysis of the economic diversification process in Brazilian micro-regions and provide the foundation for the econometric tests conducted. Through three distinct estimation strategies (OLS, logit, probit), the influence of complexity and relatedness on the entry and exit events of firms from local portfolios is tested.

In all estimated models, the stronger relationship between an activity and a portfolio significantly increases its probability of entering the productive structure and, at the same time, acts as a significant factor in preventing its exit. Furthermore, the results reveal that the complexity of a sector reduces the probability of its specialization in less complex regions while increasing it in more complex regions. On the other hand, sectoral complexity significantly increases the probability of a sector leaving less complex local structures but has no significant effect in highly complex regions.

Due to the data used, the indicators are calculated considering only formal job numbers. Additionally, the tests do not detect the influence of spatial issues. These limitations should be addressed by future research.

The article characterizes a prevailing process of uneven development among Brazilian regions and brings relevant implications, primarily for policymakers. Specifically, for less complex regions, policies should focus on creating opportunities to improve their diversification capabilities in complex sectors that are not too distant from their portfolios.

The article makes an original contribution by proposing an evaluation of regional diversification in Brazil with a focus on complexity, introducing a more detailed differentiation of regions based on their complexity levels and examining the impact of sectoral complexity on diversification patterns within each group.

The current study focuses on many risk categories that have emerged in the digital ecosystem of the financial technology industry, which has dramatically changed traditional financial systems as a result of innovations in financial technology.

The Web of Science Core Collection database was used to find a data set of 719 pertinent papers on the subject encompassing the year 2015–2023. The sample procedure was carried out utilising the PRISMA approach. The keywords were first gathered relating to technological risks in banking sectors and after confirming the keywords, the authors performed the search by the “topic” which covers “title” in the search bar. On February 15, 2023, the Web of Science database was searched using the terms “Cyber security risk OR data theft OR financial crimes OR financial stability risk OR operational risk OR default risk OR money laundering OR financial terrorism AND FinTech AND banking sector”. Two-step approach is applied in this study. First, descriptive analysis is applied using RStudio to highlight prominent authors, countries and affiliations. Furthermore, relationship among authors, countries and keywords is shown by using three fields plot. Second, using VOSviewer, co-occurrence of keyword analysis is used to determine the most influential themes.

The findings show that 2,611 documents have been published from 2016 to 2023. Year 2021 is the most productive year in terms of number of publications. The results also show that WANG XC is tied for the position of most prolific contributing author. In a similar vein, the United States leads the world in publication output. Furthermore, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics in China is leading the list with 15 articles. The results from the co-occurrence of keywords reveal that “default risk”, “operational risk”, “money laundering”, “credit risk”, “corporate governance”, “systematic risk”, “financial stability risk”, “risk management” and “crises” are the frequently keywords.

The results of this study are beneficial to academia and industry in order to advance their current understanding of FinTech and associated concerns. This work expands the understanding of the technology hazards facing the banking industry from a broad perspective.

A quantitative theoretical model is proposed to measure how productivity performance can be affected by strategic decisions related to specific competitive priorities.

This study proposes the Primary Transformation Model (PTM) and an equation to measure cause-and-effect relationships between productivity and competitive priorities.

The interdependence between productivity and competitive priorities was studied using the PTM and the proposed model indicates that strategies that improve external performance also impact internal productivity. It was also observed that the compatibility between competitive priorities depends on the initial manufacturing conditions and the implementation method adopted.

The proposed model is theoretical and, as such, is an abstraction of reality and does not consider all possible aspects. It consists of a novel approach that still requires further empirical testing. The PTM provides insights about the trade-offs between productivity and strategic objectives, as well, contributes to the ongoing research on manufacturing strategy and can be further developed in future studies.

The main practical implication is to allow companies to relate their strategic decisions to their productivity performance.

This research also contributes to societal issues by enabling firms to better align strategic objectives and operations, which ultimately allows offering products more suited to the needs of customers, thus making better use of the required resources and favoring economic growth.

The model proposed allows objective assessment of actions aiming at operational efficiency and effectiveness, in addition to providing insights into cause-and-effect relationships between productivity and competitive priorities. The model can also be used in empirical investigations on manufacturing strategy.

The relationships among institutions, entrepreneurship, and economic growth are hotly contested topics. The objective of this present study is to conduct a systematic literature review aimed at comprehensively assessing the relationships between institutional pillars, entrepreneurship and economic growth.

Specifically, a comprehensive analysis of 141 empirical publications was carried out using the PRISMA protocol. The reviewed publications were taken from the Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar databases. Thirty-three articles that met the eligibility criteria of quality, relevance and timeliness of the publications were included in the the study.

Three key lessons emerged from the review. First, it was discovered that entrepreneurship and economic growth are influenced by three institutional pillars at various levels, including the regulatory, cognitive and normative pillars. Second, according to the type of institutional quality, the institutional pillars in a causal framework have a good or negative impact on entrepreneurship. Third, novel enterprise creation, self-employment, citizen employment, poverty alleviation, radical innovation, formalization of the informal sector, promotion of competition in existing and new markets, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth and the emergence of new business models that significantly improve quality of life.

The study proposes a conceptual framework for further exploring this important relationship based on solid empirical evidence. By providing a theoretically grounded framework, the paper fills the gaps in the literature and helps to clarify the relationship between institutional foundations, entrepreneurship and economic progress.