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This paper aims to increase knowledge about awareness and intention to choose the halal products. This study assessed the effect of intrinsic religiosity and knowledge of halal products on the awareness and purchase intention of halal products. This study also investigated and examined the role of halal product awareness (HPA) in mediating the relationship between personal intrinsic religiosity (PIR) and halal product knowledge (HPK) with halal product intention (HPI). This knowledge will be very meaningful because there are still many types of products that are not halal certified circulating in the Muslim market segment.

This study used a self-administered questionnaire with closed questions. As many as 238 Muslim consumers in Indonesia over 17 years old were selected to be tested for regressive relationships from the four constructs. The Sobel test is then used to explain the mediating role of HPA.

This study shows that there is a relationship between PIR and HPK to HPA and HPI, and HPA to HPI. This study found that HPA was truly a partial mediation in the relationship between PIR and HPK with HPI.

This study is conducted in the halal food sector in Indonesia and in certain cultural contexts so that the application of the same model in various sectors and countries can get various results. In addition, the respondents of this study were halal food customers; it would be very interesting to obtain data from other stakeholders such as halal food producers or retailers.

As per the authors’ knowledge, this study becomes the first study in Indonesia to examine the mediating role of HPA in the relationship of PIR and HPK with HPI. Conceptual discussion and results of empirical studies extend previous research on consumer behavior in the halal product market segment. An in-depth study of this phenomenon is expected to contribute in the development of science, especially Islamic marketing and customer behavior.

Government policy mandates information disclosure in financial communications to protect consumer welfare. Unfortunately, low readability can hamper information disclosures’ meaningful benefits to financial decision making. Thus, this experiment tests the product evaluation and decision satisfaction of Korean consumers with less or more subjective knowledge and with or without personal finance education.

A between-subjects experiment examined responses of a nationally representative sample of 400 Korean consumers toward a Korean-language credit card advertisement.

Financial knowledge improves financial product evaluation and decision satisfaction. More readable disclosures improved evaluation and satisfaction among less knowledgeable consumers. Less readable disclosures did not. Consumers without financial education exhibited lower evaluations and decision satisfaction regardless of readability. More knowledgeable consumers and those with financial education performed equally well regardless of disclosure readability.

Financial service providers seeking more accurate evaluations and better decision satisfaction among their customers should use easier-to-read disclosures when targeting consumers with less prior financial knowledge.

One-size-fits-all financial communications are unlikely to achieve public policy or consumer well-being goals. Government-mandated information should be complemented by augmenting financial knowledge and providing personal finance training.

Although almost a quarter of the world’s population lives in East Asia, this is the first examination of readability in disclosures written in East Asian characters rather than a Western alphabet. Previous readability research on Asian-originating financial disclosures has been conducted on English-language texts. This study extends knowledge of readability effects to growing East Asian markets.

The purpose of this study shows the effect of the value of country of origin and brand image on the purchasing decision of South Korean skincare with halal product knowledge as a moderator variable.

The research method used is descriptive quantitative by analyzing the responses to questionnaires distributed to 212 respondents from all over Indonesia. Based on previous research, four hypotheses were built, and the collected data were processed using a path analysis tool through the SmartPLS 3.3.3 application.

The results showed that the country of origin and brand image variables had a significant effect on the purchasing decision of South Korean skincare with halal product knowledge as a moderator variable. Meanwhile, the halal product knowledge variable does not moderate the influence of country of origin and brand image on South Korean skincare purchasing decisions. This finding confirms that the halal product knowledge factor has not been sufficient to strengthen the influence of country of origin and brand image on South Korean skincare purchasing decisions.

To increase knowledge about Muslim halal in South Korea’s skincare purchasing decisions, the role of halal assurance institutions and South Korean and Indonesian skincare manufacturers is needed in optimizing halal certification and international agreements related to halal guarantees. In addition, halal cosmetics business actors in Indonesia and Korea must increase halal awareness of the products they sell through brand image and halal product knowledge so that they can convince and encourage Muslim consumers in making decisions to buy South Korean skincare in Indonesia.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to test country of origin and brand image on the decision to purchase South Korean skincare with halal product knowledge as a moderator variable. This study succeeded in revealing the strengths and weaknesses of the value of country of origin and brand image in influencing the purchasing decisions of South Korean skincare in Indonesia.

Following an outline of the organizational context of terminology work in the Commission, this paper considers the various types of computer application used, ranging from mainframe terminology databases (Eurodicautom) through documentary databases and wordprocessing software to specialized PC applications, with particular attention to current developments. An attempt is made to explain the factors leading to the development of an in‐house terminology management tool for a networked PC environment and the features of the package developed are reviewed. Consideration is also given to the lessons which others might draw from the Commission's experience.

This paper examines how the changes currently taking place in terminology processing and documentation are related to the multilingual needs of translation, and also how progress in natural language processing in general, and terminology processing in particular, can contribute to the development of reliable, up‐to‐date terminology support tools for translators. The paper also describes some recent experiences in the automatic identification of terminological units from corpora. The paper concludes by identifying some specific areas in terminology software development which can benefit from the expertise of translators and other language professionals.

Terminology is the set of technical words or expressions used in specific contexts, which denotes the core concept in a formal discipline and is usually applied in the fields of machine translation, information retrieval, information extraction and text categorization, etc. Bilingual terminology extraction plays an important role in the application of bilingual dictionary compilation, bilingual ontology construction, machine translation and cross‐language information retrieval etc. This paper aims to address the issues of monolingual terminology extraction and bilingual term alignment based on multi‐level termhood.

A method based on multi‐level termhood is proposed. The new method computes the termhood of the terminology candidate as well as the sentence that includes the terminology by the comparison of the corpus. Since terminologies and general words usually have different distribution in the corpus, termhood can also be used to constrain and enhance the performance of term alignment when aligning bilingual terms on the parallel corpus. In this paper, bilingual term alignment based on termhood constraints is presented.

Experimental results show multi‐level termhood can get better performance than the existing method for terminology extraction. If termhood is used as a constraining factor, the performance of bilingual term alignment can be improved.

The termhood of the candidate terminology and the sentence that includes the terminology is used for terminology extraction, which is called multi‐level termhood. Multi‐level termhood is computed by the comparison of the corpus. Bilingual term alignment method based on termhood constraint is put forward and termhood is used in the task of bilingual terminology extraction. Experimental results show that termhood constraints can improve the performance of terminology alignment to some extent.

Product data management (PDM) systems help to keep track of the masses of information needed to design, manufacture or build products and then to maintain them. They can be applied to a wide range of products and industries and across the whole spectrum of organizational functions. Benefits extend far beyond engineering design to include cost savings in manufacturing, reduced time to market and increased product quality. Defines and describes the type of features and functions that should be found in a PDM system and addresses the following: data vault and document management; workflow and process management; product structure management; classification; project management; communication and notification; data transport and translation; image services; system administration; and PDM environments.

The purpose of this paper is to organize the semantics jungle of marketing strategy approaches, terms and concepts into a logically coherent framework using the history of marketing thought to inform current marketing research and practice.

The paper takes the form of an intensive literature review tracing the three streams of marketing strategy terms and concepts from their roots in the literatures of early marketing management, managerial economics and corporate management to the present.

Along with marketing ideas, strategy concepts from managerial economics and from corporate management were absorbed directly into the corpus of strategic marketing thought. These three streams of research have converged into the current state of marketing strategy – an eclectic mixture of both complementary and conflicting strategic approaches, terms and concepts. By systematically following the evolutionary development of major contributions to strategic marketing thought and by redefining terms and refining concepts the various approaches to strategy can be integrated into a comprehensive conceptual framework for organizing and choosing among individual marketing strategies.

The framework offers conceptual and practical value. It provides a researcher with a consistent set of terms and concepts to build upon. The framework also provides a strategic toolkit for the marketing manager, based upon organizational and environmental conditions, to choose from among the feasible alternatives the most effective marketing strategy to achieve management's goal(s).

Postulates that once the DFMA team has analysed an original product concept and improved the manufacturability and ease‐of‐assembly of that concept, they must change the vision of the product in their mind′s eye to leap forward. The description of the product verbally in terms of functions, not features, frees the product from physical form in the mind′s eye. Once freed from the embodiment of the original product, the DFMA team can teach‐launch its concept probe to explore strange new visions, seek out new product concepts and break through the design paradigms. Contends that the journey of the concept probe through time and space is fired by the launching of concept triggers that burst new ideas from the endless darkness of the mind. Explains the development and the application of some personal DFMA team concept triggers.

This paper aims to dissect conceptual and semantic issues surrounding the word “brand.” Theoretical, operational and practical concerns resulting from the term’s use and misuse are exposed, some derived managerial problems are highlighted, and alternatives for resolving the confusing and dysfunctional brand nomenclature are offered.

Comprehensive literature review, i.e. review of an entire population of literature, incorporating content analysis.

A large fraction of empirical brand literature is ambiguous because the definition, meaning and therefore measurement of the focal construct, brand, is unclear. In other words, empirical results throughout the brand literature may apply to “brand” – by one definition or another – but there is no way of knowing which brand interpretation is in use.

A large part of the marketing field does not know what the word “brand” means anymore, a lapse that is widely unrecognized. This paper illuminates the lost knowledge condition and proposes resolution. The present state of theoretical and empirical ambiguity is untenable because so many empirical findings throughout the literature are vitiated.