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Article
Publication date: 19 July 2019

Janos Korn

The current field of systems thinking consists of a variety of views, methods and a number of organisations involved with these views which suggests a state of confusion and…

Abstract

Purpose

The current field of systems thinking consists of a variety of views, methods and a number of organisations involved with these views which suggests a state of confusion and fragmentation of the field which fundamentally is supposed to be a uniform view of structures or systems. This can be interpreted as a “crisis situation”. A resolution of the crisis in the form of a “new science of systems” is proposed. Assuming this new science becomes part of the field of systems thinking, a debate of the elements of the field is suggested with a view to consider its current state and future developments. “Crisis - resolution - debate” is the central theme of the paper.

Design/methodology/approach

The field of current systems thinking is described in terms of views, methods and organisations and is seen as the “problematic issue”. A “new science of systems” strongly rooted in natural language as its primary symbolism and consisting of three general principles of systems and linguistic modelling is outlined to be considered as the resolution of the crisis. A set of criteria is discussed for use of judging the quality of models and element of the field of systems thinking including the “new science of systems”. To demonstrate a preliminary use of these criteria, the same example is worked out using both, the “soft systems methodology” and “linguistic modelling” for comparison.

Findings

The universal view of parts of the world as structures or systems is inconsistent with the multiple methods basically pursuing the same purpose: modelling aspects of systems which prevail in current systems thinking. To try to resolve this anomaly an equally universally applicable approach, the “new science of systems” is proposed which can also serve as an aid to problem solving, in particular to an integrated systems and product design. This approach is to be part of the suggested debate of the field of systems thinking. In general, there is no alternative to the structural view.

Research limitations/implications

The “new science of systems”, if found acceptable, can offer research opportunities in new applications of accepted branches of knowledge like logic, linguistics, mathematics of ordered pairs, uncertainties and in the philosophy of science. New teaching schemes can be developed at classroom level combined with engineering as creator of novelties with linguistics as the symbolism to supplement mathematics. Further considerations can be given to current methodologies of systems thinking as part of a debate with a view of future developments in exploring pioneering ideas. New software is needed for working out the dynamics of scenarios.

Practical implications

The debate, if it takes place, should result in new developments in the field of systems thinking such as concepts accepted as fundamental in the discipline of systems. Applications of the “new science of systems” to larger scale scenarios and organisations guided by the universal scheme in Figure 1 and linguistic modelling with software are needed for development of schemes for problem solving schemes “utilising” or “producing” products.

Social implications

The “new science of systems” is rooted in accepted branches of knowledge; it is highly teachable at school and university levels and should lead to use by professionals and in everyday life activities once found acceptable. The use of the scheme in Figure 1 should help in clarifying confusing scenarios and to aid problem solving.

Originality/value

The suggestion of a debate is an original idea. The “new science of systems” consists of three general principles of systems implemented by linguistic modelling of static and dynamic states. Mathematics of uncertainty and topics from conventional science at the object level supplement the “new science” which together form the “scientific enterprise”. The notions of cognitive value and informative content of models are introduced for evaluating their cognitive worth.

Article
Publication date: 1 June 2002

Máire Kerrin and Nick Oliver

Mechanisms for increasing participation of employees in problem‐solving activities such as continuous improvement (CI) programmes often include the use of problem‐solving teams…

17668

Abstract

Mechanisms for increasing participation of employees in problem‐solving activities such as continuous improvement (CI) programmes often include the use of problem‐solving teams. Teams can support problem solving by emphasizing accountability for the production process within the work unit, thereby increasing the sense of responsibility for (local) problems. However, it is unclear how effort within these organisational forms should be rewarded. This article describes the use of problem‐solving teams within a UK automotive component company, and examines the implications for human resource policy, in particular for the reward and recognition systems. The article outlines the outcomes that ensued when two reward systems existed, one for team‐based activities and another for individual suggestions. The contradictions of the two systems are considered in the context of the organisation’s historical individualistic approach to reward systems.

Details

Personnel Review, vol. 31 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0048-3486

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 September 2006

Catherine Hagemeyer, John K. Gershenson and Dana M. Johnson

The complexity of problem solving requires use of quality tools to assist in the organization and analysis of information and data surrounding the concern. A proposed…

5702

Abstract

Purpose

The complexity of problem solving requires use of quality tools to assist in the organization and analysis of information and data surrounding the concern. A proposed classification scheme for problem‐solving tools allows the user to identify the correct tool at the proper time in the problem‐solving process. This may assist the problem solver to efficiently and effectively work toward problem solution. The classification scheme, in the form of a matrix, identifies, organizes, and defines tools of the six sigma problem‐solving process as taught and implemented at a large manufacturing company.

Design/methodology/approach

Development of a problem‐solving matrix to enable more efficient and effective use of tools applied to a six sigma project in a large manufacturing company.

Findings

The application of the methodology to a case study in a large manufacturing company related to an Air Conditioning (A/C) No Fill concern. The exercise of applying the six sigma tools matrix to this project would have been improved if conducted at the beginning of the six sigma Belt training and start of the A/C No Fill project.

Research limitations/implications

Since, the matrix was not fully completed at the start of either the training or the project, the team was unable to begin using the developed matrix until midway through both. This posed some limitations in judging the efficiency and effectiveness of the matrix. Although it is believed that both were improved, the maximum benefit may not have been achieved because of timing in application. Future application of the matrix should commence at the beginning of the project to enable maximum results for more efficient and effective problem solving and identification of proposed solution.

Practical implications

Manufacturing and service organizations can improve their problem‐solving methodology by using the approach outlined in this paper. It will enable companies to better “match” the tools necessary to solve real‐life business problems.

Originality/value

Although this approach uses existing quality management and problem‐solving tools, its novel application in the development of a more thorough approach to problem solving, aided by the classification of problem‐solving tools may enable companies to more successfully and expeditiously reach proposed solutions.

Details

The TQM Magazine, vol. 18 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0954-478X

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 March 1980

V.P. GLADUN and N.D. VASCHENKO

Three types of adaptation are distinguished in problem‐solving systems: Adaptation to the environment, adaptation to the problem and adaptation to the class of problems. An…

Abstract

Three types of adaptation are distinguished in problem‐solving systems: Adaptation to the environment, adaptation to the problem and adaptation to the class of problems. An important class of problem‐solving systems with developed adaptive properties is described. The system APROS, designed to solve R&D problems and problems of robot actions planning, serves as an example of such a system.

Details

Kybernetes, vol. 9 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0368-492X

Article
Publication date: 1 March 1997

Martin W. Rempel and Ronald J. Fisher

This study examined the impact of perceived threat and cohesion on the ability of groups to solve problems in a situation of social conflict. The self‐reports and behaviors of 31…

1579

Abstract

This study examined the impact of perceived threat and cohesion on the ability of groups to solve problems in a situation of social conflict. The self‐reports and behaviors of 31 groups of college males were studied within a comprehensive, strategic simulation of intergroup conflict. The simulation was based on both a value conflict and an economic competition over scarce resources. A coding scheme for group problem solving was created based in part on Janis' seven symptoms of groupthink. Change scores were calculated over different points in time to assess the relationships among perceived threat, group cohesion, and dysfunctional group problem solving. Large increases in perceived threat were significantly related to decrements in problem‐solving effectiveness regardless of whether cohesion was stable or increased. Groups who reported high and increasing levels of cohesion experienced a decrement in problem solving regardless of the increase in perceived threat, while groups who showed small changes in cohesion demonstrated decreased problem solving under high perceived threat. The results were consistent with Janis' model of groupthink, and Fisher's eclectic model of intergroup conflict.

Details

International Journal of Conflict Management, vol. 8 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1044-4068

Article
Publication date: 30 August 2022

Olivia McDermott, Jiju Antony, Michael Sony, Angelo Rosa, Mary Hickey and Tara Ann Grant

The main purpose of this study is to investigate Ishikawa’s statement that “95% of problems in processes can be accomplished using the 7 Quality Control (QC) tools” and explore…

Abstract

Purpose

The main purpose of this study is to investigate Ishikawa’s statement that “95% of problems in processes can be accomplished using the 7 Quality Control (QC) tools” and explore its validity within the health-care sector. The study will analyze the usage of the 7 QC tools in the health-care service sector and the benefits, challenges and critical success factors (CSFs) for the application of the 7 QC tools in this sector.

Design/methodology/approach

In order to evaluate Ishikawa’s statement and how valid his statement is for the health-care sector, an online survey instrument was developed, and data collection was performed utilizing a stratified random sampling strategy. The main strata/clusters were formed by health-care professionals working in all aspects of health-care organizations and functions. A total of 168 participants from European health-care facilities responded to the survey.

Findings

The main finding of this study is that 62% of respondents were trained in the 7 QC tools. Only 3% of participants in the health-care sector perceived that the seven tools of QC can solve above 90% of quality problems as originally claimed by Dr Ishikawa. Another relevant finding presented in this paper is that Histograms, Cause and Effect diagrams and check sheets are the most used tools in the health-care sector. The least used tools are Stratification and Scatter diagrams. This paper also revealed that the 7 QC tools proposed by Dr Ishikawa were most used in hospital wards and in administration functions. This work also presents a list of CSFs required for the proper application of the 7 QC tools in healthcare.

Research limitations/implications

This research was carried out in European health-care facilities – and there is an opportunity to expand the study across global health-care facilities. There is also an opportunity to study the use of the tools and their impact on hospital performance using the Action Research methodology in a health-care organization.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the very first research within the health-care sector that focused on investigating the usage of all the 7 basic tools and challenging Dr Ishikawa’s statement: “95% of problems in processes can be accomplished using the 7 Quality Control (QC) tools” from his book “What is Quality Control?” The results of this study represent an important first step toward a full understanding of the applicability of these tools in the health-care sector.

Details

The TQM Journal, vol. 35 no. 7
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1754-2731

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 5 October 2023

Janos Korn

Problem-solving, systems thinking and design thinking are disciplines practiced by all human beings and is also innate in other living objects with limited use of symbolic…

Abstract

Purpose

Problem-solving, systems thinking and design thinking are disciplines practiced by all human beings and is also innate in other living objects with limited use of symbolic structures. They are necessary to achieve the goals and survive. Interpretation of problem-solving as a change in equilibrium makes it applicable throughout the inanimate world. The aim is to describe the proposed empirical systems theory that integrates problem-solving and systems thinking through design thinking.

Design/methodology/approach

A brief historical background describes why comprehensive empirical systems theory has not been attempted before except as a restricted version in engineering systems. The methodology of the general theory follows that of conventional science, but with systemic content. Interference by required mental or physical product/systems changes states which is subject to discussion, creativity, innovation and inspiration accomplished by iteration as necessary.

Findings

A problem-solving structure has been created, which is implemented in a methodical way to aid the innate ability of individuals and organisations, and is open to modifications and the use of quantitative methods. Processed natural language allows for implementation at the operational level.

Originality/value

The proposed systems theory is an empirical theory that uses the structural properties of parts of the world. The integration makes “systems” the driver of change of state and offers fundamental concepts. The implementation shown in Figure 2 is methodical and can be applied by individuals and organisations subject to peer review and development. The method clarifies the roles of product/artifact and systems designers.

Details

Kybernetes, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0368-492X

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 27 February 2020

Andres Velez-Calle, Misha Mariam, Maria Alejandra Gonzalez-Perez, Alfredo Jimenez, Julia Eisenberg and Sandra Milena Santamaria-Alvarez

There is a generalized belief that cultural differences can have more negative consequences than benefits within the international business (IB) literature. This study argues that…

4221

Abstract

Purpose

There is a generalized belief that cultural differences can have more negative consequences than benefits within the international business (IB) literature. This study argues that cultural differences are not perceived as constrains in millennial global virtual teams (GVTs). Additionally, using the theory of cooperation and competition and the motivated information processing perspective, the purpose of this paper is to uncover the process by which millennials working in GVTs address various challenges to ensure effective functioning and accomplishment of desired team outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper analyzes a data set of 503 project journals from the global enterprise experience, a virtual team competition. It uses qualitative content analysis tools and secondary data sources.

Findings

The authors find that for millennials, cross-cultural issues are not the predominant challenge when working in GVTs, unlike the prevailing understanding in the IB literature. This is because contrary to expectations, cross-cultural problems are often not experienced, while other team phenomena become more relevant, such as interpersonal and task-based issues. In addition, the paper describes how members of GVTs apply distinct challenge reconstruction and solution generation cognitive schemes to deal with both, expected and unexpected challenges.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the literature on virtual teams by identifying how millennials and post-millennials deal with the challenges embedded in the GVT interaction context by simplifying the unfamiliarity associated with the broader context rather than addressing each issue in isolation. Finally, the paper elaborates on factors that highlight the positive outcomes of multicultural teams while making cultural differences less salient in contemporary GVT contexts.

Details

critical perspectives on international business, vol. 16 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1742-2043

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 December 2003

K. Nikolopoulos and V. Assimakopoulos

The need effectively to integrate decision making tasks together with knowledge representation and inference procedures has caused recent research efforts towards the integration…

3901

Abstract

The need effectively to integrate decision making tasks together with knowledge representation and inference procedures has caused recent research efforts towards the integration of decision support systems with knowledge‐based techniques. Explores the potential benefits of such integration in the area of business forecasting. Describes the forecasting process and identifies its main functional elements. Some of these elements provide the requirements for an intelligent forecasting support system. Describes the architecture and the implementation of such a system, the theta intelligent forecasting information system (TIFIS) that that first‐named author had developed during his dissertation. In TIFIS, besides the traditional components of a decision‐support onformation system, four constituents are included that try to model the expertise required. The information system adopts an object‐oriented approach to forecasting and exploits the forecasting engine of the theta model integrated with automated rule based adjustments and judgmental adjustments. Tests the forecasting accuracy of the information system on the M3‐competition monthly data.

Details

Industrial Management & Data Systems, vol. 103 no. 9
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0263-5577

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 July 2006

Anne M. Fields

To apply the concept of ill‐structured problems and learner expertise to the reference consultation.

2013

Abstract

Purpose

To apply the concept of ill‐structured problems and learner expertise to the reference consultation.

Design/methodology/approach

Research literature from the 1960s forward regarding ill‐structured problems and learner expertise in a variety of disciplines was surveyed. Resulting characteristics of expert problem‐solvers were used to suggest applications to the reference consultation.

Findings

Librarians can structure the reference consultation to better meet students' needs as information problem solvers.

Research limitations/implications

The method described appears to have sound basis in research into cognitive development and reflective thinking, but it has not been empirically demonstrated in the reference environment. Empirical research with reference librarians and students would be a logical next step.

Originality/value

Research into ill‐structured problems and learner expertise is ongoing in information retrieval systems. It has not been applied to the reference consultation.

Details

Reference Services Review, vol. 34 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0090-7324

Keywords

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