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The purpose of this general review is to address the evolution and development of the Fair Information Practice Principles (FIPPs).
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this general review is to address the evolution and development of the Fair Information Practice Principles (FIPPs).
Design/methodology/approach
This study presents FIPPs from several establishments, compare them and map them to the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Additionally, this study presents and discuss similarities and differences among FIPP sets.
Findings
Although the subject matter of the FIPP sets is very similar, there are differences: their scope differs significantly. The comparison among FIPP sets is presented, and it provides relevant information related to the connectedness between privacy principles.
Originality/value
This study considers the GDPR to be the pinnacle of the efforts to improve personal data protection; it became a role model for other countries to implement similar regulations.
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Haroon Iqbal Maseeh, Charles Jebarajakirthy, Achchuthan Sivapalan, Mitchell Ross and Mehak Rehman
Smartphone apps collect users' personal information, which triggers privacy concerns for app users. Consequently, app users restrict apps from accessing their personal…
Abstract
Purpose
Smartphone apps collect users' personal information, which triggers privacy concerns for app users. Consequently, app users restrict apps from accessing their personal information. This may impact the effectiveness of in-app advertising. However, research has not yet demonstrated what factors impact app users' decisions to use apps with restricted permissions. This study is aimed to bridge this gap.
Design/methodology/approach
Using a quantitative research method, the authors collected the data from 384 app users via a structured questionnaire. The data were analysed using AMOS and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA).
Findings
The findings suggest privacy concerns and risks have a significant positive effect on app usage with restricted permissions, whilst reputation, trust and perceived benefits have significant negative impact on it. Some app-related factors, such as the number of apps installed and type of apps, also impact app usage with restricted permissions.
Practical implications
Based on the findings, the authors provided several implications for app stores, app developers and app marketers.
Originality/value
This study examines the factors that influence smartphone users' decisions to use apps with restricted permission requests. By doing this, the authors' study contributes to the consumer behaviour literature in the context of smartphone app usage. Also, by explaining the underlying mechanisms through which the principles of communication privacy management theory operate in smartphone app context, the authors' research contributes to the communication privacy management theory.
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Beatrice Amonoo Nkrumah, Wei Qian, Amanpreet Kaur and Carol Tilt
This paper aims to examine the nature and extent of disclosure on the use of big data by online platform companies and how these disclosures address and discharge stakeholder…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to examine the nature and extent of disclosure on the use of big data by online platform companies and how these disclosures address and discharge stakeholder accountability.
Design/methodology/approach
Content analysis of annual reports and data policy documents of 100 online platform companies were used for this study. More specifically, the study develops a comprehensive big data disclosure framework to assess the nature and extent of disclosures provided in corporate reports. This framework also assists in evaluating the effect of the size of the company, industry and country in which they operate on disclosures.
Findings
The analysis reveals that most companies made limited disclosure on how they manage big data. Only two of the 100 online platform companies have provided moderate disclosures on big data related issues. The focus of disclosure by the online platform companies is more on data regulation compliance and privacy protection, but significantly less on the accountability and ethical issues of big data use. More specifically, critical issues, such as stakeholder engagement, breaches of customer information and data reporting and controlling mechanisms are largely overlooked in current disclosures. The analysis confirms that current attention has been predominantly given to powerful stakeholders such as regulators as a result of compliance pressure while the accountability pressure has yet to keep up the pace.
Research limitations/implications
The study findings may be limited by the use of a new accountability disclosure index and the specific focus on online platform companies.
Practical implications
Although big data permeates, the number of users and uses grow and big data use has become more ingrained into society, this study provides evidence that ethical and accountability issues persist, even among the largest online companies. The findings of this study improve the understanding of the current state of online companies’ reporting practices on big data use, particularly the issues and gaps in the reporting process, which will help policymakers and standard setters develop future data disclosure policies.
Social implications
From these findings, the study improves the understanding of the current state of online companies’ reporting practices on big data use, particularly the issues and gaps in the reporting process – which are helpful for policymakers and standard setters to develop data disclosure policies.
Originality/value
This study provides an analysis of ethical and social issues surrounding big data accountability, an emerging but increasingly important area that needs urgent attention and more research. It also adds a new disclosure dimension to the existing accountability literature and provides practical suggestions to balance the interaction between online platform companies and their stakeholders to promote the responsible use of big data.
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Jawahitha Sarabdeen and Mohamed Mazahir Mohamed Ishak
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) of the European Union (EU) was passed to protect data privacy. Though the GDPR intended to address issues related to data privacy in the…
Abstract
Purpose
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) of the European Union (EU) was passed to protect data privacy. Though the GDPR intended to address issues related to data privacy in the EU, it created an extra-territorial effect through Articles 3, 45 and 46. Extra-territorial effect refers to the application or the effect of local laws and regulations in another country. Lawmakers around the globe passed or intensified their efforts to pass laws to have personal data privacy covered so that they meet the adequacy requirement under Articles 45–46 of GDPR while providing comprehensive legislation locally. This study aims to analyze the Malaysian and Saudi Arabian legislation on health data privacy and their adequacy in meeting GDPR data privacy protection requirements.
Design/methodology/approach
The research used a systematic literature review, legal content analysis and comparative analysis to critically analyze the health data protection in Malaysia and Saudi Arabia in comparison with GDPR and to see the adequacy of health data protection that could meet the requirement of EU data transfer requirement.
Findings
The finding suggested that the private sector is better regulated in Malaysia than the public sector. Saudi Arabia has some general laws to cover health data privacy in both public and private sector organizations until the newly passed data protection law is implemented in 2024. The finding also suggested that the Personal Data Protection Act 2010 of Malaysia and the Personal Data Protection Law 2022 of Saudi Arabia could be considered “adequate” under GDPR.
Originality/value
The research would be able to identify the key principles that could identify the adequacy of the laws about health data in Malaysia and Saudi Arabia as there is a dearth of literature in this area. This will help to propose suggestions to improve the laws concerning health data protection so that various stakeholders can benefit from it.
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A great concern regarding the use of data science in any field is privacy. Adequately protecting individuals from the negative effects of maliciously shared personal identifying…
Abstract
A great concern regarding the use of data science in any field is privacy. Adequately protecting individuals from the negative effects of maliciously shared personal identifying information is essential. It is however, also important to understand the positive role that protected and shared information can play. This chapter provides a basic understanding of how the concept of privacy has developed in the United States (US) and suggests that continued development of that understanding and the protections provided will occur.
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Emily Zoe Mann, Stephanie A. Jacobs, Kirsten M. Kinsley and Laura I. Spears
Building on past studies of library privacy policies, this review looks at how privacy information is shared at universities and colleges in the state of Florida. Beyond the…
Abstract
Purpose
Building on past studies of library privacy policies, this review looks at how privacy information is shared at universities and colleges in the state of Florida. Beyond the question of whether a library-specific privacy policy exists, this review evaluates what is covered in the policies – whether topics such as how student data is stored, retained, de-identified and disposed of are broached in the statements, and whether specific data sets covering instruction, reference and surveillance are mentioned. The purpose of this study is to open the door to directed exploration into student awareness of privacy policies and spark conversation about positionality of libraries regarding privacy.
Design/methodology/approach
This review was done using a cross-sectional study design through observation of public-facing library privacy policies of higher education institutions in Florida.
Findings
Findings include that the majority of Florida academic libraries do not have a public-facing privacy policy. Only 15 out of the 70 schools reviewed had one. A large portion of those came from doctoral universities with associate’s colleges having none, and baccalaureate/associate’s colleges having only two. The policies that were in place tended to be institution-centered rather than patron-centered. Most categories of listed data collected were in the area of collections, website or computer usage.
Originality/value
The value of this review is that it adds to the literature studying privacy policies in academic libraries. Going forward, this research could address statewide practice in privacy policies as well as helping to lay pathways for working with students and other library patrons to gauge their interests and concerns about privacy.
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The proliferation of surveillance-enhancing laws, policies and technologies across African countries deepens the risk of privacy rights breaches, as well as the risks of adverse…
Abstract
Purpose
The proliferation of surveillance-enhancing laws, policies and technologies across African countries deepens the risk of privacy rights breaches, as well as the risks of adverse profiling and social sorting. There is a heightened need for dedicated advocacy and activism to consistently demand accountability and transparency from African states, governments and their allies regarding surveillance. The purpose of this paper is to understand the issue frames that accompany anti-surveillance and privacy advocacy in Ghana and the related implications.
Design/methodology/approach
Using a qualitative and interpretivist approach, the author focuses on three different surveillance-oriented incidents/programs in Ghana and analyzes the frames underpinning the related advocacy and narratives of various non-state actors.
Findings
Privacy and anti-surveillance advocacy in Ghana tends to be less framed in the context of privacy rights and is more driven by concerns about corruption and value for money. Such pecuniary emphasis is rational per issue salience calculations as it elevates principles of economic probity, transparency and accountability and pursues a high public shock value and resonance.
Practical implications
Economics-centered critiques of surveillance could be counterproductive as they create a low bar for surveillance promoters and sustains a culture of permissible statist intrusions into citizens’ lives once economic virtues are satisfied.
Originality/value
While anti-surveillance and privacy advocacy is budding across African countries, little is known about its nature, frames and modus compared to such advocacy in European and North American settings. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is likely the first paper or one of the first dedicated fully to anti-surveillance and advocacy in Africa.
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Ghulam Mustafa, Waqas Rafiq, Naveed Jhamat, Zeeshan Arshad and Farhana Aziz Rana
This study aims to evaluate blockchain as an e-government governance model. It assesses its alignment with legal frameworks, emphasizing robustness against disruptions and…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to evaluate blockchain as an e-government governance model. It assesses its alignment with legal frameworks, emphasizing robustness against disruptions and adherence to existing laws.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper explores blockchain’s potential in e-government, focusing on legal, ethical and governance aspects. It conducts an in-depth analysis of blockchain’s integration into data governance, emphasizing legal compliance and resilient security protocols.
Findings
The study comprehensively evaluates blockchain’s implementation, covering privacy, interoperability, consensus mechanisms, scalability and regulatory alignment. It highlights governance’s critical role in ensuring legal compliance within blockchain paradigms.
Research limitations/implications
Ethical and legal concerns arising from blockchain adoption remain unresolved. The study underscores how blockchain challenges its core principles of anonymity and decentralization in e-government settings.
Practical implications
The framework outlined offers potential for diverse technological environments, albeit raising ethical and legal queries. It emphasizes governance’s pivotal role in achieving legal compliance in blockchain adoption.
Social implications
Blockchain’s impact on legal and ethical facets necessitates further exploration to align with its core principles while addressing governance in e-government settings.
Originality/value
This study presents a robust framework for assessing blockchain’s viability in e-government, emphasizing legal compliance, despite ethical and legal intricacies that challenge its fundamental principles.
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This paper aims to examine the probable effect of the General Data Protection Regulation of the European Union on the transfer of financial intelligence to a third country without…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to examine the probable effect of the General Data Protection Regulation of the European Union on the transfer of financial intelligence to a third country without an adequacy decision.
Design/methodology/approach
This is an analytical study of the financial intelligence exchange mechanisms between the Bangladesh Financial Intelligence Unit (BFIU) and its foreign counterparts. The research analyses the key challenges this national agency faces in using the Egmont Group membership to import financial intelligence from jurisdictions with a superior data protection regime.
Findings
Membership in the Egmont Group of Financial Intelligence Units does not guarantee unrestricted international intelligence exchange. Existing data protection regulations in Bangladesh are inadequate. This may forbid the transfer of the financial intelligence linked to European Union (EU) data subjects to Bangladesh.
Research limitations/implications
This paper does not cover a thorough discussion on any specific alternative tools for data transfer from the EU to a third country except for “appropriate safeguards” options.
Practical implications
The results of this study will help understand the existing legal and institutional limitations that may prevent intelligence exchange between the BFIU and its EU counterparts.
Originality/value
The study helps ascertain the legislative reform necessary in Bangladesh, a third country, to facilitate the transfer of financial intelligence from the EU.
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Sadrodin Moqadam and Linda Nubani
The present study, based on a comparative analysis of several historic houses in Shiraz, presents a new perspective on uncovering the role of the social lives of homeowners in the…
Abstract
Purpose
The present study, based on a comparative analysis of several historic houses in Shiraz, presents a new perspective on uncovering the role of the social lives of homeowners in the formation of the spatial configurations of their houses.
Design/methodology/approach
Twelve plans were selected and analyzed using space syntax techniques. The spatial characteristics were compared mathematically using integration, intelligibility and axial synergy.
Findings
The results of the research showed that spatial configurations reflected the social identity of their homeowners as well as their cultural and private beliefs. The results further highlighted the syntactical differences between different types of one courtyard houses, two courtyard houses and three courtyard houses. While privacy was maintained across all housing layouts, centralized one-courtyard typography had the highest synergy while the three-courtyard typology had the highest intelligibility.
Originality/value
This research advances the use of space syntax approach in the design of contemporary housing by recognizing the socio-cultural values of its occupants.
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