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1 – 10 of 87Arun Kumar Gande, Souma Guha Mallick, Bijit Biswas, Sayan Chatterjee and Dipak Ranjan Poddar
This paper aims to present a compact, broadband substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) three-way power divider with improved isolation based on six-port SIW coupler.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to present a compact, broadband substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) three-way power divider with improved isolation based on six-port SIW coupler.
Design/methodology/approach
The power coupling among the three output ports occurs due to short openings in the narrow walls of the central SIW channel. Performance improvement in the isolation and return loss among ports is achieved using matching posts placed at the input and output ends of the coupling region. This enhances the coupling between TE10 and TE30 modes. The input matching ports enhance the return loss, whereas the isolation is alleviated by both the input and output matching posts. The bandwidth enhancement is achieved by optimizing the outer SIW channel widths.
Findings
The measured fractional bandwidth of 27.3% with over 15 dB of isolation and return loss is achieved. The coupling length is 1.55 λg at the centre frequency. The power divider achieves better than 15 dB isolation between non-adjacent output ports. The measured reflection and isolation coefficients are in close agreement with simulated results over 8.2 to 10.8 GHz.
Practical implications
Isolation between the adjacent and non-adjacent ports is an important parameter as the reflections from these ports will interfere with signals from other ports reducing the fractional bandwidth of the power divider and affecting the overall performance of the transmitters and receivers.
Originality/value
The authors present the enhancement of isolation between the output non-adjacent ports by optimizing the SIW channel width and matching post in the coupling region to reduce the reflected signals from non-adjacent ports entering into other ports. To the author’s knowledge, this is the only SIW three-way power divider paper showing non-adjacent port isolation among six-port couplers based three-way power dividers.
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José Cruz Nuñez-Perez, José Ricardo Cardenas-Valdez, Christian Gontrand, J. Apolinar Reynoso-Hernandez, Francisco Iwao Hirata-Flores, Rigoberto Jauregui-Duran and Francisco J. Perez-Pinal
The paper aims to focus on the memory-polynomial model (MPM) as special case of Volterra series, implemented in hardware. The behavior of the MPM is fully proved through a…
Abstract
Purpose
The paper aims to focus on the memory-polynomial model (MPM) as special case of Volterra series, implemented in hardware. The behavior of the MPM is fully proved through a comparison with AM-AM and AM-PM measured data. The results show that this simulation technique is able to prove the effectiveness of the MPM implementation as behavioural model for high power radiofrequency amplifiers. The system is able to compensate perturbations caused by modern communication systems.
Design/methodology/approach
The implementation uses Matlab-Simulink, and its digital signal processing (DSP) builder. The first stage allows developing the model in Matlab using the DSP builder blockset through the signal compiler block. Then, the design is downloaded to the DSP board.
Findings
The paper demonstrates a proper behavior of the MPM as a truncation of the Volterra series, with respect to different inputs. This is a key point, because the series truncations allow first to implement this model in real time and second to obtain a correct precision, for instance when modeling amplification of digital signals in high frequency.
Originality/value
The global system approach permits to easily develop, simulate, and validate a wireless system. The efficiency of a complete connected solution based on Agilent Technologies tools, combining simulations and measurements under true operating conditions, seems to be clearly demonstrated.
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Mohammad Sadegh Mirzajani Darestani, Mohammad Bagher Tavakoli and Parviz Amiri
The purpose of this paper is to propose a new design strategy to enhance the bandwidth and efficiency of the power amplifier.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose a new design strategy to enhance the bandwidth and efficiency of the power amplifier.
Design/methodology/approach
To realize the introduced design strategy, a power amplifier was designed using TSMC CMOS 0.18um technology for operating in the Ka-band, i.e. the frequency range of 26.5-40 GHz. To design the power amplifier, first, a power divider (PD) with a very wide bandwidth, i.e. 1-40 GHz, was designed to cover the whole Ka-band. The designed Doherty power amplifier consisted of two different amplification paths called main and auxiliary. To amplify the signal in each of the two pathways, a cascade distributed power amplifier was used. The main reason for combining the distributed structure and cascade structure was to increase the gain and linearity of the power amplifier.
Findings
Measurements results for designed power dividers are in good agreement with simulations results. The simulation results for the introduced structure of the power amplifier indicated that the gain of the proposed power amplifier at the frequency of 26-35 GHz was more than 30 dB. The diagram of return loss at the input and output of the power amplifier in the whole Ka-band was less than −8dB. The maximum power-added efficiency (PAE) of the designed power amplifier was 80%. The output P1dB of the introduced structure was 36 dB and the output power of the power amplifier was 36 dBm. Finally, the IP3 value of the power amplifier was about 17 dB.
Originality/value
The strategy presented in this paper is based on the usage of Doherty and distributed structures and a new wideband power divider to benefit from their advantages simultaneously.
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Qin Ge, Xinyu Liu, Xiaojuan Chen, Weijun Luo and Guoguo Liu
The purpose of this paper is to report upon high power, internally matched GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) at Ku band with 1.5 GHz bandwidth, which employ a simple…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to report upon high power, internally matched GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) at Ku band with 1.5 GHz bandwidth, which employ a simple and cost‐effective lossless compensated matching technique.
Design/methodology/approach
Two 4 mm gate periphery GaN HEMTs are parallel combined and internally matched with multi‐section reactive impedance transformers at the input and output networks. The output matching network is designed at the upper frequency of the design band for a flat power of the circuit, while the input matching network is designed at the upper frequency for a flat gain.
Findings
With the reactively compensated matching technique, the internally matched GaN HEMTs exhibit a flat saturated output power of 43.2+0.7 dBm and an average power added efficiency of 15 per cent over 12 to 13.5 GHz.
Originality/value
This paper provides useful information for the internally matched GaN HEMTs.
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Luca Zanette, Leonardo Reyneri and Giuseppe Bruni
This paper aims to present an innovative system able to establish an inter-satellite communication crosslink and to determine the mutual physical positioning for CubeSats…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to present an innovative system able to establish an inter-satellite communication crosslink and to determine the mutual physical positioning for CubeSats belonging to a swarm.
Design/methodology/approach
Through a system involving a smart antenna array managed by a beamforming control strategy, every CubeSat of the swarm can measure the direction of arrival (DOA) and the distance (range) to estimate the physical position of the received signal. Moreover, during the transmission phase, the smart antenna shapes the beam to establish a reliable and directive communication link with the other spacecraft and/or with the ground station. Furthermore, the authors introduce a deployable structure fully developed at Politecnico di Torino that is able to increase the external surface of CubeSats: this surface allows to gain the interspace between elements of the smart antenna.
Findings
As a consequence, the communication crosslink, the directivity and the detection performance of the DOA system in terms of directivity and accuracy are improved.
Practical implications
Moreover, the deployable structure offers a greater usable surface, so a larger number of solar panels can be used. This guarantees up to 25 W of average power supply for the on-board systems and for transmission on a one-unit (1U) CubeSat (10 × 10 × 10 cm).
Originality/value
This paper describes the physical implementation of the antenna array system on a 1U CubeSat by using the deployable structure developed. Depending on actuators and ability that every CubeSat disposes, various interaction levels between elements can be achieved, thus making the CubeSat constellation an efficient and valid solution for space missions.
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Abdelbasset Barkat, Kazar Okba and Samir Bourekkache
User requests over the cloud are not achievable with one single service, multiple services need to be executed to fulfill what a user asks for. Typically, such services are…
Abstract
Purpose
User requests over the cloud are not achievable with one single service, multiple services need to be executed to fulfill what a user asks for. Typically, such services are composed and presented as one global service. Moreover, the same operation can be achieved by multiple services available at different clouds, which can result in different possibilities in composing them. This paper aims to decrease the number of clouds involved in the composition process, so that user requests are satisfied with minimal cost (communication costs, execution time and financial charges).
Design/methodology/approach
This paper investigates the use of an intelligent water drops (IWDs) optimization-based algorithm, and an integer linear programming model to optimize the number of cloud bases involved in the composition process. A comparison of the solutions found by these two techniques is presented in the paper.
Findings
The obtained results show that the number of cloud bases can be decreased without affecting user satisfaction.
Originality/value
The paper is a first attempt to use the IWDs algorithm for service composition, tested with big-size data.
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Selvakumar Mariappan, Jagadheswaran Rajendran, Norlaili Mohd Noh, Yusman Yusof and Narendra Kumar
The purpose of this paper is to implement a highly linear 180 nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) power amplifier (PA) to meet the stringent linearity requirement of…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to implement a highly linear 180 nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) power amplifier (PA) to meet the stringent linearity requirement of an long term evolution (LTE) signal with minimum trade-off to power added efficiency (PAE).
Design/methodology/approach
The CMOS PA is designed in a cascaded dual-stage configuration comprises a driver amplifier and a main PA. The gate voltage (VGS) of the driver amplifier is tuned to optimize its positive third-order transconductance (gm3) to be canceled with the main PA’s fixed negative gm3. The gm3 cancellation between these stages mitigates the third-order intermodulation product (IMD3) that contributes to enhanced linearity.
Findings
For driver’s VGS of 0.82 V with continuous wave signal, the proposed PA achieved a power gain of 14.5 dB with a peak PAE of 31.8% and a saturated output power of 23.3 dBm at 2.45 GHz. A maximum third-order output intercept point of 34 dBm is achieved at 20.2 dBm output power with a corresponding IMD3 of −33.4 dBc. When tested with a 20 MHz LTE signal, the PA delivers 19 dBm maximum linear output power for an adjacent channel leakage ratio specification of −30 dBc.
Originality/value
In this study, a novel cascaded gm3 cancellation technique has been implemented to achieve a maximum linear output power under modulated signals.
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Mathieu Guerin, Fayu Wan, Konstantin Gorshkov, Xiaoyu Huang, Bogdana Tishchuk, Frank Elliot Sahoa, George Chan, Sahbi Baccar, Wenceslas Rahajandraibe and Blaise Ravelo
The purpose of this paper is to provide the high-pass (HP) negative group delay (NGD) circuit based (RL) network. Synthesis and experimental investigation of HP-NGD circuit are…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide the high-pass (HP) negative group delay (NGD) circuit based (RL) network. Synthesis and experimental investigation of HP-NGD circuit are developed.
Design/methodology/approach
The research work methodology is organized in three phases. The definition of the HP-NGD ideal specifications is introduced. The synthesis method allowing to determine the RL elements is developed. The validation results are discussed with comparison between the calculated model, simulation and measurement.
Findings
This paper shows a validation of the HP-NGD theory with responses confirming NGD optimal frequency, value and attenuation of about (9 kHz, −1.12 µs, −1.64 dB) and (21 kHz, −0.92 µs, −4.81 dB) are measured. The tested circuits have experimented NGD cut-off frequencies around 5 and 11.7 kHz.
Research limitations/implications
The validity of the HP-NGD topology depends on the coil self-inductance resonance. The HP-NGD effect is susceptible to be penalized by the parasitic elements of the self.
Practical implications
The NGD circuit is usefully exploited in the electronic and communication system to reduce the undesired delay effect context. The NGD can be used to compensate the delay in any electronic devices and system.
Social implications
Applications based on the NGD technology will be helpful in the communication, transportation and security research fields by reducing the delay inherent to any electronic circuit.
Originality/value
The originality of the paper concerns the synthesis formulations of the RL elements in function of the expected HP-NGD optimal frequency, value and attenuation. In addition, an original measurement technique of HP-NGD is also introduced.
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Many power system protection problems necessitate the measurement and track of the underlying current/voltage phasors. Adaptive LMS spectrum analyzers provide an ideal solution to…
Abstract
Many power system protection problems necessitate the measurement and track of the underlying current/voltage phasors. Adaptive LMS spectrum analyzers provide an ideal solution to such problems. This paper introduces a class of adaptive trigonometric spectrum analyzers. The underlying current/voltage is fed as a desired signal to an LMS adaptive algorithm. The reference input is a periodic regression derived from the basis set of the specified trigonometric discrete transform. The proposed algorithm is simple, computationally efficient, and exhibits a guaranteed stability and uniform convergence. A comparative study recommends the discrete Hartley transform. Simulations are provided to prove that the proposed spectrum analyzer is efficient in modeling faulty power system currents/voltages such as these arising from an over‐excitation of a power transformer.
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Jittra Rukijkanpanich and Mathurot Mingmongkol
The purpose of this paper is to enhance the performance of maintenance in a solar power plant by implementing the proactive maintenance (PaM) strategy, measured by the…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to enhance the performance of maintenance in a solar power plant by implementing the proactive maintenance (PaM) strategy, measured by the availability and the total maintenance workload.
Design/methodology/approach
The prior maintenance strategy was reviewed, and then the strategy was adjusted to focus on PaM. Failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) was a tool for analyzing the severity and occurrence of the failure modes and effects. Then, the Why‒Why analysis was used for investigating the root causes of failures. The countermeasures were drawn, and the preventive maintenance (PM) plan was revised and carried out. The total maintenance, the PaM and reactive maintenance workload, was obtained, and then the improvements were determined. The values of availability were also obtained.
Findings
Previously, the appeared maintenance strategy was not clearly defined. It seemed to have reactive maintenance coupled with PM; it was checked once a year, and corrective actions were made when something wrong was found. Then the management team observed an increase in the reactive maintenance workload, whereas the values of availability were not consistent and tended to drop. After implementing the new maintenance strategy, PaM, the total maintenance workload decreased 14 percent in one year. The average availability of the solar power plant improved from 0.9943 to 0.9969, and the values of availability had better consistency.
Practical implications
The PaM can be applied to solar power plant without limiting the prior maintenance strategy and the complexity of production or machinery. The solar power plant is a quite simple production, and most machines consist of electrical equipment and electrical circuits. The PaM supports to analyze the failure modes, the consequence of the failure events and failure effects, and to decide what should be done. Importantly, PaM can reduce total maintenance workload while the value of availability is higher and consistent.
Originality/value
This paper states how to successfully implement the PaM for the solar power plant. Previously, the plant did not have a clearly defined maintenance strategy; it was checked once a year, and it was corrected when abnormalities were detected. The PaM strategy provides tools and processes for failures and effects analysis. Although there was a more workload of PM, the total maintenance workload decreased, even in the first year.
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