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The purpose of this paper is to investigate the interfacial nanostructures and the adhesions of the stainless steel (S.S) coating to the polyurethane (PU) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) leathers.

PU leather and PVC leather deposit S.S nano-films on the surface of PU and PVC leathers in this study. The interfacial nanostructures were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The experimental results revealed that the surface roughness of the substrates had extremely important influence on the morphology of nano-films. The adhesions of the S.S coating to the PU and PVC leathers were investigated by the peel-off test.

The results showed that the adhesive performance of the S.S nano-films coating on PVC leather was better than that on the substrate of PU leather. Moreover, a weight loss of per peeling force calculating formulation is proposed to determine the bonding strength between the S.S films and the substrates.

In this paper, influence of different substrates on surface morphology of S.S coating was studied by SEM and AFM. Moreover, the weight loss of per peeling force calculating formulation was used to discuss the bonding strength between the S.S coating and the substrates. The research methods presented in this paper are of innovation significance to a certain extent.

Mycelium is an upcoming bio-based alternative material that has various applications in different industries. Mycelium materials used as composites, leather, construction materials and some are even available for commercial purposes. However, there was not much research found when it came to the application of mycelium as a textile alternative. The purpose of this paper is to examine the potential of mycelium in the textile industry and its possible applications.

This review consolidates literature that refers the two major methods used in fungal mycelium production namely; as a composite and as a pure self-grown mycelium sheet. The study compared the current research status in this respective field and reported the scope in the pure mycelium development.

The results of the review reported that several research works are performed in composite production with different feedstock. The production methods and product development steps were well established for several applications from home utilities to construction materials. Whereas, in the case of self-grown mycelium sheet production only limited research works were found. Though the possibilities of engineered composite sheets are developed with various properties, research on self-grown pure mycelium sheets are at infant stage. Sensitive production methods, lower tensile, tearing, poor handle properties with brittle structure and non-uniformity in thickness are noted as limitations. Sustainable nature, self-grown three-dimensional nano-fibril network with porous structure are found to be advantageous.

The solid culture method was identified as a potential method to develop a sheet-like self-grown mycelium with different dimensions. The review results clearly show the lack of research in the direct application of self-grown pure mycelium area concerning feedstock material, fungal species selection and characterization of the developed product. Addressing the existing limitations will yield a sustainable textile material for fashion and textile industry with great potential.

Lacquers based on polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride resins were prepared by blending the two resins in various proportions. Their properties were evaluated and compared with those of a commercial leather lacquer based on polyvinyl chloride resin of organosol type. It was found that some of the blends proved to be comparable and even superior, in some respect, to the commercial sample.

The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the successful application of Six Sigma at a small and medium scale plastic parts manufacturing unit. Overall operational excellence is one of the foundations of global competiveness. Indian industries are also keeping up with achieving and maintaining operational excellence through different improvement tools and methodologies. Plastic parts manufacturing industries in India are also on the move to increase their overall quality, productivity and profitability. However, it appears from the available literature that application of Six Sigma, one of the most effective breakthrough improvement strategies having direct impact on bottom line of the organization, is not being explored to its full potential, especially at plastic parts manufacturing industries in India. This study was thus undertaken at plastic products manufacturing plant to introduce Six Sigma to them by applying the same to their chronic problems and drawing improvements in quality, productivity and profitability.

This paper illustrates the real-life case study of improving quality and productivity of injection molding process by phase wiz application of define, measure, analyze, improve and control, the process improvement methodology of Six Sigma.

The critical defects, such as short molding, contamination, injection point and flash are reduced from the process leading to annual savings of INR 10.80 lacs. This is a considerable amount for a small concern in question.

Because this was the pilot project and the firm was of small and medium size, data collection was the major issue, which consequently took considerable time and efforts at define and measure phases. Injection molding is a very salient process for plastic products manufacturing. Almost one-third of plastic products are made by this process. Thus, improving quality of products made out of injection molding process is of paramount importance. The paper is an attempt to exhibit how a small-scale plastic injection molded parts manufacturing unit can put fruitful efforts to achieve competitive advantage through Six Sigma.

From the review of literature, it appears that application of Six Sigma among plastic parts manufacturing units, especially small and medium, is very rare, not in India but across the globe. This case study has opened up the direction to small- and medium-scale plastic parts manufacturing units to implement Six Sigma and to move a step forward toward achieving competitive advantage.

It would be easy to make the general statement that the only major factor an engineer need consider when selecting a pipe‐protection material is that it should resist corrosion. Certainly he must be concerned with electrolytic and galvanic attack, abrasion, chemical action and the effect of weather. This, however, is only part of the story. This article reviews the properties of polyvinyl chloride tapes and the very real part which they, and, in particular Scotchrap PVC tapes, are playing in the prevention of pipeline deterioration.

Methods of forming gelatin films and sheets have been published, and of semi‐permeabie membranes. The structure of dried gelatin films has been investigated, including temperature dependance of the structure forming process, and internal stresses of gelatin film applied to solid substrates. Studies of the state of absorbed water in gelatin films have been carried out, to show that the absorbed water becomes bound. Internal stresses arising from the heating of gelatin film have been found to decrease by addition of plasticisers, such as glycerol. The mechanical properties of gelatin film prepared by the evaporation of its water/solvent solutions has been investigated, and the effects of dyes and titanium dioxide on the mechanical properties of the films has been examined. The oxide was found to have negligible effects, but the dyes produced minor changes in the modulus and tensile strength, and major changes in the contraction of the film under constant stress. The effects of water on the mechanical strength of gelatin films has also been considered and compared with its effects on collagen. The permeability of potassium chloride, tetraalkyl ammonium chloride, dodecylamine chloride and uric acid, glucose and urea.

Emulsion adhesives can be subdivided on the basis of chemistry to acrylics, styrene‐butadiene latices, styrene‐butadiene/natural rubber blends, vinyl acetate copolymers and natural rubber latices. Acrylics have the advantages of being easily modified by changing the type and amount of polar comonomers. They have excellent ageing characteristics.

The formulation of industrial finishes to protect and improve the appearance of mass‐produced articles has become an increasingly complicated technique with the growing range of materials flow available. In this article Mr. Macrae, after discussing surface preparation and application methods, describes the formulation and performances of stoving enamels, cold‐curing finishes and air‐drying finishes. He concludes that even with the number of resins available today there is still much room for improvement.

The preparation of tin naphthenate has been described in a U.S. patent specification, the product being applicable to the increasing of adhesion between polyorganosiloxanes coatings hardenable at 25°C, and as a hardener for polyorganosiloxane elastomers, and in the manufacture of polysiloxane resin. It can also be used to colour stabilize aluminium salts of ethyl hexanoic acid when used as a paint drier, and as a catalyst for the polymerising of vinyl chloride. Copolymers of vinyl monomers and butadiene have been stabilized against ageing and discolouration by the use of stannous naphthenate along with di‐tert‐butyl‐p‐cresol, and the same product has stabilized rubbers against colour deterioration. The use of stannous naphthenate as a catalyst for silicone water‐repellants can lead to a decrease in the amount of siloxane needed to obtain a high degree of water repellancy by textiles. The naphthenate has been utilized in transformer oils to prevent sludge deposition. Tributyltin naphthenate is useable as a fungicide in silicone sealing compounds, plastics, and paints. Inhalation tests with vapours of tributyltin naphthenate have shown no acute inhalation risks.