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Article
Publication date: 12 November 2018

A fresh look on financial decision-making from the plasticity perspective

Burak Erkut, Tugberk Kaya, Marco Lehmann-Waffenschmidt, Mandeep Mahendru, Gagan Deep Sharma, Achal Kumar Srivastava and Mrinalini Srivastava

The purpose of this paper is to propose an integrative framework bringing together results from neuroplasticity and decision-making from a neuroscience perspective with…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to propose an integrative framework bringing together results from neuroplasticity and decision-making from a neuroscience perspective with those from market plasticity, i.e. with which practices market actors shape markets.

Design/methodology/approach

Provided that developments in neuroscience indicate that training the brain for orientation toward efficient decision-making processes under uncertainty is possible, an in-depth analysis can be conducted by using the integrative framework, which was set up by the authors for advancing research efforts in neuroeconomics and neurofinance on these lines.

Findings

Markets have a plastic character; they can change shape and form and remain in that way thereafter. The marketers have always been causing this change to succeed in their marketing strategies and efforts. Plasticity, hitherto considered by marketing, market sociology and evolutionary economics, has a potential in financial decision-making processes, especially regarding its role in training the brain for stable financial decisions.

Research limitations/implications

The theoretical approach can be incorporated for delivering an alternative representation of the knowledge processes associated with financial decisions.

Practical implications

The practical approach can be used for improving the practical aspects of financial decision-making processes.

Originality/value

The contribution is the first of its kind which integrates neuroscience approaches of plasticity and decision-making with the concept of market plasticity from the literature on economics and management, showing their similarities and opening a new front of discussion on how these two approaches can learn from each other to increase the explanatory power of financial decision-making processes and to gain new insights for financial decision makers on how to make more efficient financial decisions in the times of uncertainty.

Details

International Journal of Ethics and Systems, vol. 34 no. 4
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES-02-2018-0022
ISSN: 0828-8666

Keywords

  • Decision-making
  • Information exchange
  • Cognition

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Article
Publication date: 1 March 1995

Discretization influence in strain—softening problems

L.J. Sluys, M. Cauvern and R. De Borst

The dispersive behaviour of waves in softening problems is analysed.Attention is focused on the influence of the numerical scheme on thedispersion characteristics in the…

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Abstract

The dispersive behaviour of waves in softening problems is analysed. Attention is focused on the influence of the numerical scheme on the dispersion characteristics in the process of localization of deformation. Distinction has been made between softening models defined in a standard plasticity framework and in a gradient‐dependent plasticity theory. Waves in a standard softening plasticity continuum do not disperse but due to spatial discretization dispersion is introduced which results in a mesh size dependent length scale effect. On the other hand, wave propagation in a gradient‐dependent softening plasticity continuum is dispersive. By carrying out the dispersion analysis on the discretized system the influence of numerical dispersion on material dispersion can be quantified which enables us to determine the accuracy for the solution of the localization zone. For a modelling with and without the inclusion of strain gradients accuracy considerations with respect to mass discretization, finite element size, time integration scheme and time step have been carried out.

Details

Engineering Computations, vol. 12 no. 3
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/02644409510799569
ISSN: 0264-4401

Keywords

  • Dispersion analysis
  • Softening plasticity model

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Book part
Publication date: 24 April 2019

Business Plasticity

Dinuka B. Herath

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Abstract

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Business Plasticity through Disorganization
Type: Book
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78756-211-020191016
ISBN: 978-1-78756-211-0

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Article
Publication date: 12 June 2017

Large-deformation finite element analysis of the interaction between concrete cut-off walls and high-plasticity clay in an earth core dam

Xiang Yu, Degao Zou, Xianjing Kong and Long Yu

A large, uneven settlement that is unfavourable to dam safety can occur between a concrete cut-off wall and the high-plasticity clay of earth core dam built on alluviums…

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Abstract

Purpose

A large, uneven settlement that is unfavourable to dam safety can occur between a concrete cut-off wall and the high-plasticity clay of earth core dam built on alluviums. This issue has been often studied using the small-strain finite element (FE) method in previous research. This paper aims to research the interaction behaviour between a concrete cut-off wall and high-plasticity clay using large-deformation FE analyses.

Design/methodology/approach

The re-meshing and interpolation technique with a small-strain (RITSS) method was performed using an independently developed program and adopted for large-deformation FE analyses, and a suitable element size for the high-plasticity clay region was suggested. The layered construction process of an earth core dam built on thick alluviums was simulated using the RITSS method incorporating a hyperbolic model for soil.

Findings

The RITSS method is an effective technique for simulating the soil–structure interaction during dam construction. The RITSS analysis predicted a higher maximum principle stress of the concrete cut-off wall and higher stress levels in the high-plasticity clay region than small-strain FE analysis.

Originality/value

A practical method for large-deformation FE analysis was advised and was used for the first time to study the interaction between a concrete cut-off wall and high-plasticity clay in dam engineering. Large deformation in the high-plasticity clay was handled using the RITSS method. Moreover, the penetration process of the concrete cut-off wall into the high-plasticity clay was captured using a favourable element shape and mesh density.

Details

Engineering Computations, vol. 34 no. 4
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/EC-04-2016-0118
ISSN: 0264-4401

Keywords

  • Finite element method
  • Alluviums
  • Earth core dams
  • Large-deformation analysis
  • Penetration process
  • Soil–Structure interaction

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Article
Publication date: 14 July 2020

Cognitive attunement in the face of organizational plasticity

Davide Secchi

The paper aims to use part of the distributed cognition literature to study how employees cope with organizational plasticity, in an attempt to identify the…

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Abstract

Purpose

The paper aims to use part of the distributed cognition literature to study how employees cope with organizational plasticity, in an attempt to identify the characteristics of cognitive plasticity.

Design/methodology/approach

Evidence is collected by designing and implementing an agent-based computational simulation model (the IOP 2.0) where employees have the option to use external resources and the social environment to perform tasks. As plasticity is more effective when change and uncertainty are high, the simulation features an increase in the difficulty and number of tasks to which employees need to cope.

Findings

Cooperation and sharing of competence and ability are key to cognitive plasticity. Being able to master the use of some resources, together with other employees’ competencies, make some achieve the most efficient task performance.

Practical implications

The findings suggest that under conditions of change and plasticity, human resource management (HRM) shall attempt to develop measures to support employees' cognitive skills necessary to cope with it, for example, mostly through diagnosis, training and facilitating on-the-job dialogue.

Originality/value

This is the first study that attempts a merger between organizational cognition and plasticity, and it is the first to match its results to HRM policy recommendations.

Details

Evidence-based HRM: a Global Forum for Empirical Scholarship, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/EBHRM-09-2019-0088
ISSN: 2049-3983

Keywords

  • Agent-based modeling
  • Organizational cognition
  • Task complexity
  • Competencies
  • Abilities

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Article
Publication date: 8 April 2020

Organisational plasticity: can we really model human–agent behaviours?

Dale Richards

The ability for an organisation to adapt and respond to external pressures is a beneficial activity towards optimising efficiency and increasing the likelihood of…

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Abstract

Purpose

The ability for an organisation to adapt and respond to external pressures is a beneficial activity towards optimising efficiency and increasing the likelihood of achieving set goals. It can also be suggested that this very ability to adapt to one's surroundings is one of the key factors of resilience. The nature of dynamically responding to sudden change and then to return to a state that is efficient may be termed as possessing the characteristic of plasticity. Uses of agent-based systems in assisting in organisational processes may have a hand in facilitating an organisations' plasticity, and computational modelling has often been used to try and predict both agent and human behaviour. Such models also promise the ability to examine the dynamics of organisational plasticity through the direct manipulation of key factors. This paper discusses the use of such models in application to organisational plasticity and in particular the relevance to human behaviour and perception of agent-based modelling. The uses of analogies for explaining organisational plasticity is also discussed, with particular discussion around the use of modelling. When the authors consider the means by which the authors can adopt theories to explain this type of behaviour, models tend to focus on aspects of predictability. This in turn loses a degree of realism when we consider the complex nature of human behaviour, and more so that of human–agent behaviour.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodology and approach used for this paper is reflected in the review of the literature and research.

Findings

The use of human–agent behaviour models in organisational plasticity is discussed in this paper.

Originality/value

The originality of this paper is based on the importance of considering the human–agent-based models. When compared to agent-based model approaches, analogy is used as a narrative in this paper.

Details

Evidence-based HRM: a Global Forum for Empirical Scholarship, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/EBHRM-09-2019-0090
ISSN: 2049-3983

Keywords

  • Organisational plasticity
  • Agent-based modelling
  • Human behaviour
  • Human–agent partnership

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Article
Publication date: 1 December 1996

Integration algorithms for concrete plasticity

G. Etse and K. Willam

Presents a computational algorithm for the numerical integration of triaxial concrete plasticity formulations. The specific material formulation at hand is the so‐called…

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Abstract

Presents a computational algorithm for the numerical integration of triaxial concrete plasticity formulations. The specific material formulation at hand is the so‐called extended leon model for concrete. It is based on the flow theory of plasticity which entails isotropic hardening as well as fracture energy‐based softening in addition to non‐associated plastic flow. The numerical algorithm resorts to implicit integration according to the backward Euler strategy that enforces plastic consistency according to the closes‐point‐projection method (generalized radial‐return strategy). Numerical simulations illustrate the overall performance of the proposed algorithm and the significant increase of the convergence rate when the algorithmic tangent is used in place of the continuum operator.

Details

Engineering Computations, vol. 13 no. 8
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/02644409610153005
ISSN: 0264-4401

Keywords

  • Algorithms
  • Plasticity

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Article
Publication date: 1 April 1989

A concrete material model based on non‐associated plasticity and fracture

Eduardo N. Dvorkin, Alberto M. Cuitiño and Gustavo Gioia

A concrete material model is presented. The model is based on non‐associated plasticity for the pre‐failure and ductile post‐failure regimes and fracture (smeared crack…

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Abstract

A concrete material model is presented. The model is based on non‐associated plasticity for the pre‐failure and ductile post‐failure regimes and fracture (smeared crack approach) for the brittle post‐failure regime. The implementation of the constitutive model in the 2‐D elements of a general purpose non‐linear incremental finite element code is discussed. Some important numerical features of the implementation are the implicit integration of the stress/strain relation and the use of an efficient symmetric stiffness formulation for the equilibrium iterations.

Details

Engineering Computations, vol. 6 no. 4
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/eb023783
ISSN: 0264-4401

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Article
Publication date: 12 August 2019

A hybrid method to update stress for perfect von-Mises plasticity coupled with Lemaitre damage mechanics

Maliheh Tavoosi, Mehrdad Sharifian and Mehrzad Sharifian

The purpose of this paper is to suggest a robust hybrid method for updating the stress and plastic internal variables in plasticity considering damage mechanics.

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to suggest a robust hybrid method for updating the stress and plastic internal variables in plasticity considering damage mechanics.

Design/methodology/approach

By benefiting the properties of the well-known explicit and implicit integrations, a new mixed method is derived. In fact, the advantages of the mentioned techniques are used to achieve an efficient integration.

Findings

The numerical studies demonstrate the high precision and robustness of the suggested algorithm.

Research limitations

The perfect von-Mises plasticity together with Lemaitre damage model is considered within the realm of small deformations.

Practical implications

Updating stress and plastic internal variables are of utmost importance in elastoplastic analyses of structures. The accuracy and efficiency of stress-updating methods significantly affect the final outcomes of nonlinear analyses.

Originality/value

The idea which is used to derive the hybrid method leads to an efficient integration method for updating the constitutive equations of the damage mechanics.

Details

Engineering Computations, vol. 37 no. 2
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/EC-01-2019-0007
ISSN: 0264-4401

Keywords

  • Hybrid method
  • Explicit integration
  • Implicit integration
  • Lemaitre damage mechanics
  • Perfect von-Mises plasticity

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Article
Publication date: 7 October 2019

Finite element analysis of plasticity behaviour of aluminium alloys in high-pressure torsion compressive loading stage

Fauziana Lamin, Ahmad Kamal Ariffin Ahmad Kamal Ariffin and Intan Fadhlina Mohamed

The purpose of this paper is to examine the plasticity behaviour of aluminium alloys in high-pressure torsion (HPT) compressive loading stage. It is a part of the…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the plasticity behaviour of aluminium alloys in high-pressure torsion (HPT) compressive loading stage. It is a part of the strengthen lightweight material development through severe plastic deformation.

Design/methodology/approach

A finite element simulation of HPT compression stage by displacement control incremental loading was proposed by taking into account an unconstraint HPT configuration. The quasi-static condition was utilised, by embedding strain hardening plasticity constitutive model and considering frictional effects, to assess the plasticity behaviour of aluminium alloys, particularly AA2024 and AA6082.

Findings

The present investigation clearly indicates that the deviation of material flow as a result of sticking condition of µ⩾0.5, was found to be negligible. An inhomogeneous material flow along the sample radial and thickness direction was evident, producing a stress concentration at the edge of the loaded surface, indicating the anticipated region of failure. The effective plastic strain in the compression stage was also found to be significant. Based on the effective strain response, plasticity behaviour of the compressed sample was predicted.

Originality/value

This paper demonstrates the plasticity behaviour of the analysed aluminium alloys. Since the mechanical properties produced by the deformed material are closely related to the exerted plastic deformation, understanding the phenomenon associated with the plastic strain development is essential. The outcome of this research will assist in seizing the opportunities of improving both material properties and the HPT procedures.

Details

International Journal of Structural Integrity, vol. 10 no. 5
Type: Research Article
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSI-04-2019-0037
ISSN: 1757-9864

Keywords

  • Finite element method
  • Friction coefficient
  • High-pressure torsion
  • Plasticity behaviour
  • Severe plastic deformation
  • Compressive loading

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