Search results

The large blood vessels (LBV) would act as a heat sink and hence play a significant role during photo-thermal therapy. Gold nanoshell was considered as a high-heat absorbing agent in photo-thermal heating to reduce the cooling effect of LBV. The heat sink effect of LBV results in insignificant irreversible tissue thermal damage. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

In this paper, the thermal history of tissue embedded with LBV during photo-thermal heating were calculated using finite element-based simulation technique. A volumetric laser source term based on modified Beer-Lambert law was introduced to model laser heating. The numerically predicted temperature drop was validated against that of previously performed experiments by the authors on tissue mimic embedded with simulated blood vessels. In the later part of the study, Arrhenius equation was coupled with the energy equation to investigate and report the irreversible thermal damage to the bio-tissues.

The results obtained conclude that tissue with different orientation of blood vessels results in different thermal response at the tissue surface. Gold nanoshells were introduced into the laser irradiated tissue to overcome the cooling effect of LBV during plasmonic photo-thermal heating. The effect of size and concentration of nanoparticles on tissue heating were analyzed. The predicted damage parameter was much lower in case of tissue embedded with blood vessel than that predicted in case of bare tissue, which results in incomplete tissue necrosis. Finally, the effects of laser specification, blood vessel specification and blood perfusion on the tissue thermal damage were examined.

The conjugate energy equations in conjunction with Arrhenius equation were solved numerically to predict the tissue irreversible damage embedded with LBV.

The purpose of this study is to design a plasmonic structure that can be used simultaneously as a heater and a refractive index sensor applicable for heating and sensing cycles of lab-on-chip (LOC).

The authors report on the full optical method applicable in the heating and sensing cycles of LOC based on the plasmonic nanostructure. The novelty of this proposed structure is due to the fact that a structure simultaneously acts as a heater and a sensor.

In terms of the performance of the proposed structure as an analyte detection sensor, in addition to the real-time measurement, there is no need to labeling the sample. In terms of the performance of the proposed structure as a plasmonic heater, the uniformity and speed of the heating and cooling cycles have been greatly improved. Also, there is no need for experts and laboratory conditions; therefore, our proposed method can meet the conditions of point of care testing.

The authors confirm that this work is original and has not been published elsewhere nor it is currently under consideration for publication elsewhere.

In the twenty-first century, the use of fossil fuels has increased drastically because the necessity of energy is increasing day by day which affects the world’s economy. The solar energy (photo-thermal energy conversion) system is the most economical and eco-friendly alternative source. To increase the use of domestic as well as commercialization purpose, the authors have reviewed this paper on the solar water heater along with its structural mechanism for energy enhancement and to create easier stair steps for climbing on the green world dream.

In this study, nanotechnology has remarkably built its own use for extending thermal efficiency by using some gradual experiments. It is a phenomenon, like nanofluid (as a working fluid for a direct solar collector), nanocoating (on the surface of a solar-evacuated tube by using the chemical vapor deposition/physical vacuum deposition/sol–gel technique) and nanorod-based solar collector tube.

This invention gives greater efficiency rather than the conventional systems, but also this advancement is not too much supported in a low- temperature environment also, we can consider the poor light absorption characteristics of the pure water (Bencic, et al., 2000).

The basic idea and understanding of this phenomenon to improve solar collecting performance for obtaining a high working-fluid temperature are discussed in this paper.