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The purpose of this paper is to describe the reviews of past research work on various in-pipe robotic systems and their operations. This investigation has been focussed on the implemented methodologies for performing in-pipe cleaning and inspection tasks.

This work has been concentrated on review of various sensors used in robots to perform in-pipes inspection operation for determining flaws/cracks, corrosion-affected areas, blocks and coated paint thickness. Various actuators like DC motors, servo motors, pneumatic operated and hydraulic operated are discussed in this review analysis to control the motion of various mechanical components of the robot.

In the current analysis, categorisation of various pipe cleaning robots according to their mechanical structure has been addressed. A lot of information has been gathered regarding the control of in-pipe robots for performing inspection and cleaning tasks.

In this paper, various in-pipe cleaning and inspection techniques have been studied. Necessary information provided regarding different types of in-pipe robots like PIG, wall-pressed, walking, wheel and inchworm. This investigation provides a through literature on various types of sensors like ultrasonic, magnetic, touch, light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation, X-ray, etc., that have been used for inspection and detection of flaws in the pipe.

This paper aims to present an underwater climbing robot for wiping off marine life from steel pipes (e.g. jackets of oil platforms). The self-adaption mechanism that consists of a passive roll joint and combined magnet adhesion units provides the robot with better mobility and stability.

Adhesion requirements are achieved by analyses of falling and slipping. The movement status on pipes is analyzed to design the passive roll joint. The optimized structure parameters of the combined magnet adhesion unit are achieved by simulations. An approximation method is established to simplify the simulations conditions, and the simulations are conducted in two steps to save time effectively.

The self-adaption mechanism has expected performance that the robot can travel on pipes in different directions with high mobility. Meanwhile, the robot can clean continuous region of underwater pipes’ surface of offshore platforms.

The proposed underwater robot is needed by offshore oil platforms as their jackets require to be cleaned periodically. Compared with traditional maintenance by divers, it is more efficient, economic and safety.

Due to the specific self-adaption mechanism, the robot has good mobility and stability in any directions on pipes with different diameters. The good performance of striping attachments from pipes makes the underwater robot be a novel solution to clean steel pipes.

Although constant research is being carried out for improvements in the manner of new techniques, materials and every sphere possible to afford the best protection that can be provided for every type and size of pipe against the problem of corrosion, whether such corrosion exists or forms internally or externally, or whether it takes the form of erosion of the pipe or as a build‐up of internal encrustation, it may be worth briefly summarising the details of at least one process of internal protection which has stood the test of time in a very definitive manner.

Historically, man's efforts to resist the effects of corrosion can be traced back several hundred years. Sir Hugh Platt (1552–1611) noted that an ‘oily substance’ prevented iron work rusting. The famous Dr. Angus Smith (1817–1884) patented a technique for coating heated metal pipes with ‘coal oil’ to resist corrosion. We have in the above some of the fundamental requirements of a coating, namely: 1. Surface preparation, aiming to clean the pipe surfaces of corrosion products, moisture and foreign matter. 2. Material having a water‐resistant quality.

Traditionally carbon steel has been used for both offshore and onshore pipelines and these have been coated with a variety of anticorrosion coatings including bituminous coatings such as reinforced coal tar enamel, asphalt enamel; fusion bonded epoxy powder and polyethylene. The use of more exotic alloys (e.g. Duplex stainless steel) had previously been limited to risers.

Underground cast iron and steel pipelines are used for the conveyance of potable water for domestic supply and steel pipelines are used to transport fresh water in fire water mains in both installations onshore and on offshore oil and gas platforms. Seawater is conveyed by pipeline for industrial cooling applications.

In the early days of pipe protection, it was thought that any coating reinforced with any type of wrapping could not fail to extend the life of a buried pipeline system. Today, as a result of experience accumulated by many users in different parts of the world, we know that only the careful selection of both pipe coatings and reinforcing inner and outer wraps can be relied on to protect a buried pipeline system effectively. This article considers the functions of a pipeline coating, and the materials and coating systems which best carry out these functions.

In the period before Britain entered the European Community and again at the Labour Government's referendum, one factor which caused most concern in both those in favour and those against entry, was the possible loss of sovereignty by the Houses of Parliament to a supra‐national body. That there would be some loss was accepted but fears that it would be anything more than minimal were discounted, and not enough to affect the lives of ordinary people. Far‐reaching changes required by some of the EEC food directives and regulations, which even if held in abeyance for the usual transitional period will have to be implemented eventually, must be causing many to have second thoughts on this. If more were needed, the embarassing situation at the recent energy conference, at which Britain, as a major oil producer, demanded a separate seat, but had to submit to the overall authority of the Community, the other members of which, figuratively, do not produce a gallon of oil between them. A shift of power from Whitehall to Brussels may not be so evident at higher levels of government, however, as in secondary legislation; the language of the departments of government.

About fourteen years ago a unique pipe coater was built in Alabama to apply fusion coating to large diameter pipe—24 in. and larger. This was after about 10 years' experience in coating small diameter pipe mainly in gas distribution systems.

This paper aims to discuss the low carbon supply chain practices in China’s textile industry. To curb greenhouse gas emissions, the Chinese government has launched restrict regulatory system and imposed the energy consumption constraint in the textile industry to guarantee the achievability of low carbon economy. The authors aim to examine how the energy consumption constraint affects the optimal decisions of the supply chain members and address the supply chain coordination issue.

The authors conduct two case studies from Chinese textile companies and examine the impact of energy consumption constraints on their production and operations management. Based on the real industrial practices, the authors then develop a simple analytical model for a low carbon supply chain in which it consists of one single retailer and one single manufacturer, and the manufacturer determines the choice of clean technology for energy efficiency improvement and emission reduction.

From the case studies, the authors find that the textile companies develop clean technologies to reduce carbon emission in production process under the energy consumption enforcement. In this analytical model, the authors derive the optimal decisions of the supply chain members and reveal that supply chain coordination can be achieved if the manufacturer properly sets the reservation wholesale price (WS) despite the production capacity can fulfill partial market demand under a WS (or cost sharing) contract. The authors also find that the cost-sharing contract may induce the manufacturer to increase the investment of clean technology and reduce the optimal WS.

This paper discusses low carbon supply chain practices in China’s textile industry and contributes toward green supply chain development. Managerial implications are identified, which are beneficial to the entire textile industry in the developing countries.