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1 – 10 of 33Gitesh Kumar, Hem Chander Garg and Ajay Gijawara
This paper aims to report the friction and wear characteristics of refined soybean oil (RSBO) blended with copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles and zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to report the friction and wear characteristics of refined soybean oil (RSBO) blended with copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles and zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) as additives.
Design/methodology/approach
Four different concentrations 0.04, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 Wt.% of CuO nanoparticles were added with ZDDP in RSBO. The friction and wear characteristics of lubricants have been investigated on a pin-on-disc tribotester under loads of 120 and 180 N, with rotating speeds of 1,200 and 1,500 rpm in half hour of operating time. The dispersion stability of CuO nanoparticles has been analyzed using ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The wearout surface of pins has been examined by using a scanning electron microscope.
Findings
The results revealed that there is a reduction in the friction and wear by the addition of CuO nanoparticles and ZDDP in RSBO. Coefficient of friction increases at a high sliding speed for RSBO with ZDDP. From UV-Vis spectroscopy, it is observed that 100 ml of oleic acid surfactant per gram of CuO nanoparticles has stable dispersion in RSBO.
Originality/value
The addition of ZDDP and CuO nanoparticles in RSBO is more efficient to reduce the friction and wear in comparison to base oil. The optimum concentration of CuO nanoparticles in RSBO is 0.05 Wt.%.
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Aiman Yahaya, Syahrullail Samion and Mohd Kameil Abdul Hamid
The purpose of this study is to investigate the use of micro-pits technology to the problem of tribological performance in a sliding motion.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate the use of micro-pits technology to the problem of tribological performance in a sliding motion.
Design/methodology/approach
Vegetable oil is a sustainable and economically viable alternative to both mineral and synthetic oils, offering significant savings in both the cost of research and manufacturing. To solve the depriving issue and boost lubrication film thickness, the micro-pits on the surface may function as reservoirs that provide the oil to the contact inlet area. In this research, an aluminium block is used as the workpiece material in an evaluation of a through pin-on-disc tribotester. Lubricating oil in the form of super olein (SO) was used in the experiment.
Findings
The results show that the friction performance during a rubbing process between a hemispherical pin and an aluminium block lubricated with SO using aluminium alloy materials, AA5083, was significantly improved.
Originality/value
In this study, a material that breaks down called SO, which is derived from the fractionation of palm olein, was used to use a modified aluminium micro-pit sample that will serve as a lubricant reservoir in pin-on-disc tribotester.
Peer review
The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-07-2023-0200/
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Xiaoshuang Xiong, Lin Hua, Xiaojin Wan, Can Yang, Chongyang Xie and Dong He
The purposes of this paper include studying the friction coefficient of polyoxymethylene (POM) under a broad range of normal load and sliding velocity; developing a mathematical…
Abstract
Purpose
The purposes of this paper include studying the friction coefficient of polyoxymethylene (POM) under a broad range of normal load and sliding velocity; developing a mathematical model of friction coefficient of POM under a broad range of normal loads and sliding velocities; and applying the model to dynamic finite element (FE) analysis of mechanical devices containing POM components.
Design/methodology/approach
Through pin-on-disc experiment, the friction coefficient of POM in different normal loads and sliding velocities is investigated; the average contact pressure is between 5 and 15 Mpa and the sliding velocity is from 0.05 to 0.9 m/s. A friction algorithm is developed and embedded in the FE model to simulate the friction of POM in different normal loads and sliding velocities.
Findings
The friction coefficient of POM against steel declines with the increase of normal loads when the contact pressure is between 5 and 15 Mpa. The friction coefficient of POM against steel increases markedly when the sliding velocity is between 0.05 and 0.15 m/s, it decreases sharply between 0.15-0.45 m/s and then it stabilizes at high sliding velocity between 0.45 and 0.9 m/s. The friction coefficient of POM in different working operations has a significant effect on contact stress and shear stress. The simulation data and experiment data of POM friction force fit very well; therefore, it can be concluded that the friction algorithm and FE model are accurate.
Originality/value
The friction coefficient of POM under a broad range of normal loads and sliding velocities is investigated. The friction coefficient model of POM is established as a function of normal loads and sliding velocities in the dry sliding condition. A friction algorithm is developed and embedded in the FE model of the friction of POM. The mathematical model of the friction coefficient accurately agrees with the experiment data, and simulation data and experiment data of the POM friction force fit very well.
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Avinash A. Thakre and Animesh Thakur
The purpose of this paper is to include investigation on extreme pressure lubrication behaviour of Al2O3 nanoparticles suspended in SAE20W40 lubricating oil. Effects of…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to include investigation on extreme pressure lubrication behaviour of Al2O3 nanoparticles suspended in SAE20W40 lubricating oil. Effects of nanoparticles size (40-80 nm) and its concentration (0-1 per cent) on the coefficient of friction is studied using pin-on-disc tribotester.
Design/methodology/approach
Taguchi technique is used to optimize the process parameters for lower coefficient of friction. L18 orthogonal array involving six levels for one factor and three levels for remaining three factors is selected for the experimentation. The parameters selected for the study are sliding speed, normal load, nanoparticles size and its concentration in base oil.
Findings
It has been found that the presence of nanoparticles in proper concentration shows excellent tribological improvement in frictional characteristics compared to the base oil. The optimal combination of the parameters for minimum coefficient of friction is found to be 0.8 per cent concentration of 60 nm sized Al2O3 nanoparticles, 1,200 rpm sliding speed and 160 N of normal load. The mechanism of friction reduction in presence of nanoparticles is investigated using scanning electron microscopy.
Originality/value
This is the original work.
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Prem Sagar and Amit Handa
In recent days, friction stir processing (FSP) has emerged as a pioneering approach for the manufacture of composites with enhanced mechanical and tribological properties. The…
Abstract
Purpose
In recent days, friction stir processing (FSP) has emerged as a pioneering approach for the manufacture of composites with enhanced mechanical and tribological properties. The present study aims to examine the impact of process parameters such as tool rotation speed and number of FSP pass on the AZ61A/TiC magnesium metal composite for responses such as hardness and wear resistance.
Design/methodology/approach
To minimize number of experimental runs, design of experiment was configured according to the response surface methodology using central composite design. Analysis of variance has been conducted to develop mathematical and empirical model for studying relationship between tool rotation and number of pass for responses such as microhardness and wear resistance. Microhardness was checked on vickers microhardness testing machine, and tribological behavior were examined on pin-on-disc using tribotester. Wear morphology was analyzed via scanning electron microscopy.
Findings
The responses were predicted using validated mathematical model, and contour plots were generated to study the interaction and influence of process parameters. Wear observations suggest that for the base magnesium alloy adhesive wear mechanism was dominating and for the developed nanocomposites, abrasive wear mechanism is a prominent factor. It was also observed that both the selected parameters significantly influenced the responses.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no prior work has been conducted with this material and preparation of composites with TiC nanoparticles. Furthermore, no mathematical models have been developed to predict the response values.
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Johny James and Raja Annamalai A.
This study aims to develop a less weight high wear resistant material to fabricate brake components especially in automotive sector.
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to develop a less weight high wear resistant material to fabricate brake components especially in automotive sector.
Design/methodology/approach
Effort was initiated to design and develop aluminium metal matrix composite by combining aluminium alloy AA6061 and zirconium oxide (ZrO2) with the help of stir casting coupled with squeeze casting unit. Morphology analysis of advanced composite has been carried out by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The hardness of composites having different compositions was tested using Vickers micro hardness tester. The tribological property of the developed three specimens having different composition has been tested using pin-on-disc wear test equipment under dry sliding conditions. To obtain better understanding of wear mechanism, SEM image of worn-out surface was captured and analysed. SEM images and the corresponding Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) on the wear surface were carried out.
Findings
The optical and SEM images evidenced the existence of ZrO2 particles along the metal matrix composite. Porosity values shows that the porosity level is acceptable as it falls below 7 per cent. Also, the finding proves that increase in the percentage of reinforcement particle instigates agglomeration on the AA6061 composites. Hardness test demonstrated that the inclusion of hard ZrO2 particles leads to substantial improvement in hardness and the hardness value started deteriorating when the composition reaches 15 per cent. The wear test results substantiated the enhancement of tribological property due to the inclusion of distinct ZrO2 particles. Also, despite of addition of reinforcements, the wear rate increased when the load increases. SEM images proved that AA6061/ZrO2-5 per cent composite fashioned steady-state mild and smooth wear. EDX spectrum analysis revealed the existence of ZrO2 particles along with wear debris, which caused wear of 685 µm in AA6061/ZrO2-15 per cent composite.
Originality/value
The developed material possesses low wear rate which is the unique property of composite and frictional force which is directly proportional to load but the coefficient of friction remains apparently constant. As a whole, investigations on developed composites introduce a new material which is suitable for manufacturing of brake components for automobile industry.
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Nurul Farhanah Azman, Syahrullail Samion, Muhammad Amirrul Amin Moen, Mohd Kameil Abdul Hamid and Mohamad Nor Musa
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the anti-wear (AW) and extreme pressure (EP) performances of CuO and graphite nanoparticles as a palm oil additive.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the anti-wear (AW) and extreme pressure (EP) performances of CuO and graphite nanoparticles as a palm oil additive.
Design/methodology/approach
In this study, the AW and EP performances of CuO and graphite nanoparticles as additives in palm oil were evaluated using four ball tribotester in accordance to ASTM D4172 and ASTM D2783, respectively. The wear worn surfaces of the steel balls were analysed using high resolution microscope.
Findings
The results obtained demonstrate that CuO and graphite nanoparticles improved the AW and EP performances of the palm oil up to 2.77 and 12 per cent, respectively. The graphite nanoparticles provide better AW and EP performance than that of CuO nanoparticles.
Originality/value
This demonstrates the potential of CuO and graphite nanoparticles for improving AW and EP performances of palm oil base lubricant. Different morphology of nanoparticles will affect the AW and EP performances of nanolubricants.
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To improve the wear resistance of the sliding boot, the wear-resistant Fe-21 Wt.% Cr-5 Wt.% B alloy is prepared, and the wear mechanism is studied under dry sliding condition.
Abstract
Purpose
To improve the wear resistance of the sliding boot, the wear-resistant Fe-21 Wt.% Cr-5 Wt.% B alloy is prepared, and the wear mechanism is studied under dry sliding condition.
Design/methodology/approach
The anti-wear Fe-21 Wt.% Cr-5 Wt.% B alloy is prepared by powder metallurgy technique. The tribological behavior of Fe-Cr-B alloy sliding against ASTM 1045 steel pin is studied at 30-60 N and 0.03-0.12 m/s using a reciprocating pin-on-disk tribometer under dry sliding condition. Meanwhile, the ASTM 5140 and 3316 steel are studied as compared samples.
Findings
The friction coefficients of tested specimens increase with the increasing normal load. However, this effect is the opposite in case of different sliding speeds. The specific wear rates increase as the sliding speed and normal load increase. The Fe-Cr-B alloy shows the best tribological properties under the dry sliding condition and the wear mechanism is mainly ploughing.
Originality/value
This wear-resistant Fe-21 Wt.% Cr-5 Wt.% B alloy can replace the traditional materials to process the sliding shoes and improve the service life of coal mining machine.
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The aim of this study is to determine the effect of argon plasma surface modification on tribological properties of conventional ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE…
Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study is to determine the effect of argon plasma surface modification on tribological properties of conventional ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and vitamin E-blended UHMWPE. In previous studies, some researchers conducted a study on argon plasma surface modification of UHMWPE, but there is no study about argon plasma surface modification of VE-UHMWPE. So another objective of this paper is to compare the results for both the material groups.
Design/methodology/approach
UHMWPE and vitamin E-blended UHMWPE sample surfaces were modified by microwave-induced argon plasma to increase tribological properties of the materials. The modified surfaces were evaluated in terms of wettability and wear behavior. Wettability of the surfaces was determined by contact angle measurements. Wear behavior was examined by ball-on-disc wear tests under lubrication with 25 per cent bovine serum.
Findings
Argon plasma surface modification enhanced the wear resistance and surface wettability properties of conventional UHMWPE and VE-UHMWPE. Wear factor of argon plasma-treated samples reduced, but for VE-UHMWPE samples, this reduction was not as high as the conventional UHMWPE’s wear factor.
Originality/value
In previous studies, some researchers have studied on argon plasma surface modification of UHMWPE, but there is no study about argon plasma surface modification of VE-UHMWPE.
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Kanagaraj M., Babu S., Sudhan Raj Jegan Mohan and Christy T.V.
This study aims to compare the friction and wear performance of commercial brake pads for four wheelers among metallic, semimetallic and non-asbestos organic (NAO) formulations to…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to compare the friction and wear performance of commercial brake pads for four wheelers among metallic, semimetallic and non-asbestos organic (NAO) formulations to identify one with the right combination of properties for optimal performance.
Design/methodology/approach
Three commercially available brake pads for four-wheeler automotive applications were acquired. Samples were cut from the brake pads to study their physical and mechanical properties. The effects of friction and wear were analyzed using a pin-on-disk tribotester. Surface morphology on the worn-out surface of the brake pads was studied.
Findings
It was observed that the frictional properties remained stable and less fluctuating in the semimetallic and NAO pads, whereas the coefficient of friction of all the pads varied between 0.35 and 0.55. The wear rate of the metallic pads is less than that of NAO and semimetallic pads. The surface morphology studies revealed that the metallic pads contained more primary plateaus and smaller amounts of secondary plateaus compared to semimetallic and NAO pads, resulting in better wear resistance characteristics.
Originality/value
Because the market is flooded with various options for brake pad materials, it is imperative that the vehicle manufacturers choose the right pad material with great care not only to ensure the optimal functioning of the braking system but also passenger safety. Mechanical and tribological properties of brake pads contribute greatly to their effectiveness. There is a requirement to choose the proper material for a certain application that has a consistent friction coefficient and reduced wear.
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