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This paper aims to investigate the photocatalytic activity of zinc doped MAO-TiO₂ films under the optimum MAO treatment condition.

The coating was prepared by micro arc oxidation, and the influence of doping on the properties of the coating was also investigated.

The results show that the BET surface area is 78.25±0.03m²/g, total pore area is 76.32 ± 0.04m²/g, and the total pore volume is 0.2135 ± 0.0004cm³/g. The degradation ratio of the film electrode with Zn-doped in methyl orange solution is up to 94%. When the react circles is 10 times, the degradation ratio is up to more than 85% and remains steady. With the different reaction conditions, these kinetics of the reactions show some different formulas.

A kinetic equation for photocatalytic activity is established.

This chapter compares and contrasts the diverse theoretical foundations of two paradigms in strategic project management. The first, older paradigm, draws on foundational ideas about nature (i.e., it is predictable) and human rationality (strategy and implementation are distinct) to conceptualize project management in terms of controlling predictable project processes and their inherent risks, so that project managers can optimize the trade-offs between timing, cost and quality. The second practice-based alternative paradigm conceptualizes people as sources of deterministic behavior in an otherwise often unpredictable world. Projects are key tools that are used to strategically create this predictable behavior, with project plans being used as scaffolding to help co-ordinate the distributed behavior of systemically connected people in space and time as the project proceeds. The chapter highlights how this second paradigm has a more robust scientific basis, shows how it informed the development of the Heathrow T5 project, and draws implications of for future theory and practice.

This paper aimed to prepare a kind of ZnS nanoparticles/poly(phenylene vinylene) (PPV) nanofibre and investigate its properties. Because the ZnS nanoparticles are important optoelectronic materials, their incorporation into one-dimensional (1D) nanoscale polymer matrices should be a meaningful subject for electrospinning.

ZnS/PPV composite nanofibres with an average diameter of 600 nm were successfully prepared by a combination of the in situ method and electrospinning technique. The nanofibres were electrospun from Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O and PPV precursor composite solution, and the ZnS/PPV fibres were obtained by exposure of the electrospun fibres to H₂S gas to prepare ZnS nanoparticles in situ. Such fibres were characterised using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared, transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope and photoluminescence (PL). The photoelectric properties of the fibres obtained were also investigated.

XRD patterns proved that ZnS nanocrystals generated in the composite nanofibres. The TEM image showed that the nanocrystals were homogeneously dispersed in the nanofibres. The PL spectrum of ZnS/PPV composite nanofibres exhibited a blue shift relative to the PPV nanofibres. I-V curve of the single nanofibre device under 5.76 mW/cm2 light illumination showed that the composite nanofibres have good photoelectric properties.

The comparisons of advantages between ZnS/PPV nanofibres with similar nanofibres will be further expanded in a later research.

Results demonstrate the promise of these novel nanostructures as ultraminiature photodetectors with the potential for integration into future hybrid nanophotonic devices and systems.

The integration of inorganic semiconductor nanoparticles into organic conjugated polymers leads to composite materials with unique physical properties and important application potential. In this work, ZnS nanoparticles were introduced into PPV by an in situ method, so as to obtain a kind of novel 1D nanomaterials with good photoelectric properties.

To evaluate the photoelectrochemical characteristics of polymer doped with CdSe and CdSe/TiO₂ for improved photoelectric conversion efficiency.

A method was set‐up to dope the nano‐CdSe with poly‐perylene‐tetracarboxylic imide (PPI) in the nano‐TiO₂/ITO films, which were characterised by X‐ray diffraction; electrochemical analytical system; multifunctional grating spectrometer; digital photometer and ultrasonic cleanout instrument, etc.

The modification of PPI doped with CdSe and CdSe/TiO₂ showed significant elevation of the monochromatic incident photo‐to‐electron conversion efficiency (IPCE) of the photoelectrode, which was about 3 per cent. The doping caused a tone up separate efficiency of charge, restraining the complex of electron‐cavity by doped nano‐CdSe. Therefore, the photocurrent of the TiO₂ film doped with nano‐CdSe was about three times higher than that without.

The mixed film could also be formed from conjugated polymer mixed with polymer and inorganic particle, based on polymer doped with CdSe and CdSe/TiO₂. In addition, the monochromatic incident IPCE of the photoelectrode needs to be extensively studied.

The treatment method developed provided a practical and effective solution to increasing the ICPE.

The method for doping polymer with CdSe and CdSe/TiO₂ was novel and could probably be adapted for the manufacture of solar cell.

A weak change of resistivity caused by visible radiation both for commercial and for model thick‐film (cermet) resistors (TFRs) has been observed and studied in the temperature range 10–380 K. A possible origin of this photoelectric effect in terms of photoexcited electrons emitted from the metallic grain surface into the glassy region is discussed.

In the Earth’s upper atmosphere, damage to satellite electronics is caused by exposure to extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation. One particular region where this type of radiation occurs is the South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly region. As a result, there is a need to design and develop a sensor which could be used to investigate the flux and energy levels of radiation in this region. To do so, the aim of this study is to characterise the sensor and its electric response to typical EUV radiation levels based on the photoelectric effect principle.

For this purpose, a copper plate planar sensor prototype with dimensions that fit on the sides of a one-unit (1U) CubeSat was constructed. The sensor prototype was placed in a vacuum chamber and was subjected to continuous radiation from a vacuum ultraviolet deuterium light source at test facilities available in the Western Cape region (South Africa). Subsequently, the terminal voltage of the sensor was measured and compared with theory.

The measured time-averaged terminal voltages indicate the generation of photocurrents of the order of 1 μA, which is consistent with theory.

Conclusively, these results validate the measurement approach and operation of the sensor, which can be used to design a 1U CubeSat sensor that measures EUV radiation in low Earth orbit.

AN interesting comment from the Salisbury and South Wilts team of industrialists who put the first Local Productivity Council Circuit Scheme into operation in their area suggests that this scheme may prove invaluable in awakening general interest in, and in giving practical impetus to, increased productivity at all levels.

Vibration measurement is needed in many industrial production processes, such as equipment monitoring, fault diagnosis, and noise analysis and eliminating and so on. The purpose of this paper is to propose a simple vibration testing system which includes the laser, the string, position sensitive detector (PSD) and the corresponding signal processing circuit.

PSD is an optical semiconductor sensor that can fast locate the luminous spot position precisely, which means that it can output different electric current according to the luminous spot at different position of its surface. Moreover, the experiment on PSD sensor using different vibration source and frequency had been carried out. Finally, the vibration waveform of the luminous spot on PSD photosurface was obtained.

According to the experimental results, each kind of vibration parameter with different vibration source, such as vibration frequency and amplitude can be calculated.

The experimental results agreed with the actual parameter, which showed PSD not only had its own good qualities in the position measurement, but also had the unique superiority in the vibration measurement.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) of phytic acid on cupronickel B30 surface of anticorrosion and inhibiting mechanisms.

Electrochemical and photocurrent response methods were performed to determine the effect of phytic acid SAMs on cupronickel B30.

The results indicated that phytic acid was liable to interact with B30 as a result of formation of complexes on B30 surface for anti‐rust and anti‐corrosion. The SAMs changed the structure of the electrochemical double layer and made the value of double layer capacitance decrease significantly. The B30 electrode showed p‐type photoresponse, which came from Cu₂O layer on its surface. The photoresponse decreased greatly due to the SAMs of phytic acid as the corrosion resisting property was enhanced. This finding was in good agreement with the results obtained from EIS and polarization curves. Adsorption of phytic acid was found to follow the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and the adsorption mechanism was typical of chemisorption.

The SAMs of phytic acid on cupronickel B30 was gained for the first time. The photo‐electrochemical method was an in situ method, which was effective for characterizing optical and electronic properties of passive films.

Attempts to prove, in this second chapter of the author’s monograph, that with a new research programme, it is possible to build a methodological bridge between economics and all other natural sciences and the scientists should address this challenge. Reviews basic principles that govern nature, including Einstein’s findings along with such luminaries as Copernicus, Newton, Galileo and Jeans. Concludes that the future is safe, as a new generation of scientists is now emerging in the East and the West, and that the new methodology should provide enough space for new roads, ideas and interpretations, which may occur in the future. Closes by saying a new spirit should be initiated in economics and transplanted into natural sciences.