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The purpose of this study aims to synthesize a novel donor–acceptor dye based on phenothiazine as a donor (D) and nonconjugated spacer was devised and synthesized by condensing of 2,2'-(1H-indene-1,3(2H)-diylidene) dimalononitrile with aldehyde and the practical synthesis methodology as given in Scheme 1.

The prepared phenothiazine dye was systematically experimentally and theoretically examined and characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H,13C NMR), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (IR) and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory DT-DFT calculations were implemented to determine the electronic properties of the new dye

The UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy of the synthesized dye was investigated in a variety of solvents with varying polarities to demonstrate positive solvatochromism correlated with intramolecular charge transfer (ICT). The probe’s quantum yields (Фf) are experimentally measured in ethanol, and the Stokes shifts are found to be in the 4846–9430 cm⁻¹ range.

The findings depicted that the novel (D-π-A) chromophores may act as a significant factor in the organic optoelectronics.

This paper aims to prepare a new donor–π–acceptor (D–π–A) and acceptor–π– D–π–A (A–π–D–π–A) phenothiazine (PTZ) in conjugation with vinyl isophorone (PTZ-1 and PTZ-2) were designed and their molecular shape, electrical structures and characteristics have been explored using the density functional theory (DFT). The results satisfactorily explain that the higher conjugative effect resulted in a smaller high occupied molecular orbital–lowest unoccupied molecular orbital gap (Eg). Both compounds show intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) transitions in the ultraviolet (UV)–visible range, with a bathochromic shift and higher absorption oscillator strength, as determined by DFT calculations.

The produced PTZ-1 and PTZ-2 sensors were characterized using various spectroscopic methods, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H/¹³CNMR). UV–visible absorbance spectra of the generated D–π–A PTZ-1 and A–π–D–π–A PTZ-2 dyes were explored in different solvents of changeable polarities to illustrate positive solvatochromism correlated to intramolecular charge transfer.

The emission spectra of PTZ-1 and PTZ-2 showed strong solvent-dependent band intensity and wavelength. Stokes shifts were monitored to increase with the increase of the solvent polarity up to 4122 cm⁻¹ for the most polar solvent. Linear energy-solvation relationship was applied to inspect solvent-dependent Stokes shifting. Quantum yield (ф) of PTZ-1 and PTZ-2 was also explored. The maximum UV–visible absorbance wavelengths were detected at 417 and 419 nm, whereas the fluorescence intensity was monitored at 586 and 588 nm.

The PTZ-1 and PTZ-2 dyes leading to colorimetric and emission spectral changes together with a color shift from yellow to red.

This paper seeks to address the preparation of new compositions of hydrophobicizing liquids as release agent for press moulds in the production of plastic articles of all kinds of polymers.

Mixtures of thermo‐stable polyethers (copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide) and polyols esters/mixed esters in the presence of phenothiazine as antioxidant were prepared and tested.

All compositions were tested and compared with silicone oil polymethylsiloxane‐100 (PMS‐100). The lubricant was manually applied on a hot surface (160‐190°C) of tray of press mould, without any change in the operating cycle. The finished products were easily removed from press mould, and showed higher durability. The release agent was also checked for production of polyethylene lids by automatic moulding at 170‐200°C, and 17 lids have been obtained on one application. This is quite a good result compared with silicone oil PMS‐100, which produced only four to five lids.

Because of complexity of obtained mixture, it was impossible to study the structure and composition of the obtained products by modern spectroscopy techniques.

In order to obtain compositions of optimum properties a lot of mixtures were prepared and tested. Only compositions which showed suitable properties were reported.

This paper provides detailed information on the experimental preparation of 37 compositions for hydrophobicizing mould release agents. Testing of different obtained hydrophobicizing liquids showed positive results, in production of plastic household articles, over silicone oil PMS‐100. The finished products were easily removed from press mould and prepared hydrophobicizing liquids showed higher durability than silicone oil PMS‐100. The obtained compositions are also favored from the point of view of commercial availability and ecology and can be considered as replacements for PMS‐100 release agent.

SINCE the Second World War, no lubrication problem has offered a greater challenge to chemists than that posed by the aircraft gas turbine engine. Mineral oils, which for many years had provided satisfactory lubrication of piston‐engined aircraft, had obvious limitations when considering jet engines, and more than ten years ago the need for new lubricants was realized. The requirements were improved high temperature performance coupled with low volatility, fluidity at low temperatures, and high load‐carrying capacity. The requirements of satisfactory lubricants for aircraft gas turbine engines were discussed as long ago as 1947 by Williams, who proposed certain tentative test methods and pointed out the limitations of the mineral oils currently in use. At that time research on potential synthetic lubricants had begun both in the U.K. and in the U.S.A., and during the next four or five years bench engine tests were carried out, followed by flight trials in aircraft.

A highly selective cyanide phenoxazine-based fluorescence chemosensor POH was created to detect cyanide (CN) ions.

A malonitrile was added to a phenoxazine fluorophore to make this widely available chemosensor. By fluorescence spectroscopy, the sensor POH showed turn-off fluorescence emission for CN with 2:1 binding stoichiometry in CH₃CN/H₂O (90:10 v/v) medium.

The detection limits for CN were 9.8 × 10⁻⁹ M, which were much lower than WHO standards. NMR and FT-IR investigations backed up the suggested sensor POH mechanism.

The detection CN method should be applicable in a number of situations, where the CN anion for fresh water and drinking water has to be quickly and accurately analyzed.

Since the development of antipsychotic drugs in the 1950s, a variety of studies and case reports have been published that suggest an association between exposure to typical antipsychotics and venous thromboembolisms (VTE). Therefore, when starting treatment with antipsychotics, especially low-potency typical antipsychotics and clozapine, health-care providers must account for the patient’s existing VTE risk factors.

In this case report, the authors describe the development of a pulmonary embolism associated with use of chlorpromazine in the treatment of an acute manic episode in a 51-year-old female patient with bipolar disorder type 1.

The patient was brought to the emergency room by the police on a legal hold for bizarre behaviors at a bus stop, which included incessantly yelling at bystanders. The patient was found to have disorganized thoughts, poor sleep, rapid speech, labile mood, distractibility, auditory hallucinations and grandiose delusions. During the course of her stay, the patient received extensive IM chlorpromazine for extreme agitation, in addition to chlorpromazine 200 mg IM Q8H, which was later decreased to chlorpromazine 100 mg chlorpromazine IM/PO Q8H. On day 4 of the treatment, the patient experienced difficulty breathing, hypoxia and tachycardia and was found to have bilateral expiratory wheezes. CT angiography showed sub-segmental pulmonary embolus and the patient was transferred to MICU service. The patient was then intubated and started on heparin by the medical team. Over the course of the next day, her respiratory distress resolved and the patient was extubated.

It is possible that chlorpromazine may indeed increase VTEs, and there are various physiological postulations regarding the mechanism of action. However, multiple confounding variables existed in the authors’ report, including venous stasis and the use of restraints, tobacco and valproic acid. Each of these variables has been shown to increase VTE occurrence. Further controlled studies are necessary to identify the true relationship between antipsychotics and VTEs.

The PAS‐ADD assessments (Psychiatric Assessment Schedules for Adults with Developmental Disabilities) have their origins in work that was being conducted over 20 years ago on the health status of older people with intellectual disability. Since that time, the assessments have undergone continuous development and refinement, and now encompass children as well as adults. This paper seeks to discuss some of these fundamental issues and how the PAS‐ADD instruments have attempted to meet these challenges.

The paper includes discussion of theoretical and practical issues that have shaped the development of the assessments.

The fundamental aim of the modern PAS‐ADD system is to improve case detection and assessment by supporting and enhancing the skills of clinical staff, rather than attempting to replace the need for those skills. The assessor makes the final judgement about diagnosis. The PAS‐ADD assessments are based on existing psychiatric classification rules for the general population and are conceptually different from instruments derived from psychometric principles. These factors have major implications, both for instrument design and for the evaluation of effectiveness.

The PAS‐ADD assessments have become widely used in the field of intellectual disability mental health. The theoretical issues discussed here are a central part of the ongoing effort to understand and improve the mental health of people with intellectual disabilities.

THE Aero‐Space Division of the Boeing Airplane Company, Seattle, Wash., U.S.A. has recently announced the development of a new type of externally pressurised step bearing whose load‐carrying shaft spins freely on a cushion of compressed air. The This new concept in the use of air as a bearing lubricant is expected to result in wider applications for this type of minimum‐friction bearings.

Attempts to describe some of the forces which, from a marketing perspective, drive and shape the pharmaceutical industry. The industry is of massive importance to the UK economy and rarely a day goes by without mention in the press of the activities of the leading manufacturers – Glaxo, Wellcome, SmithKline Beecham etc. British companies are amongst the most innovative in the world and pharmaceuticals is the only area of science where the UK can claim to match, and frequently outperform, the Americans, Japanese and Germans. Written by a layman for the benefit of laymen.

A small but significant number of people die during restraint by hospital staff, police or prison officers. One possible mechanism for this has been termed ‘positional asphyxia’. There is literature to suggest that deaths that occur in circumstances involving restraint may be related to certain positions, but early research has been contested. This article presents a balanced review of the literature and findings and concludes that the evidence remains unclear. However the literature does point to practical measures that should be adopted by those whose work is likely to require restraint of extreme violence, to avoid risk of death. These are summarised.