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In this work, the authors are interested in the notion of vector valued and set valued Pettis integrable pramarts. The notion of pramart is more general than that of martingale. Every martingale is a pramart, but the converse is not generally true.

In this work, the authors present several properties and convergence theorems for Pettis integrable pramarts with convex weakly compact values in a separable Banach space.

The existence of the conditional expectation of Pettis integrable mutifunctions indexed by bounded stopping times is provided. The authors prove the almost sure convergence in Mosco and linear topologies of Pettis integrable pramarts with values in (cwk(E)) the family of convex weakly compact subsets of a separable Banach space.

The purpose of the present paper is to present new properties and various new convergence results for convex weakly compact valued Pettis integrable pramarts in Banach space.

Given the different manifestations of the unemployment crisis, the main purpose of this study was to identify what characteristics influence the participation of youth in key self-employment business options.

The study has used both probability and nonprobability sampling techniques. Purposive sampling methods were used to identify target study areas (districts and Kebeles) while the systematic random sampling method was used to locate sample respondents. A total of 424 sample respondents were interviewed through interview scheduled questionnaires. Statistical data analysis was carried out using STATA 14 software.

Agriculture, local value-added business activities, food-related services, petty trade and local transportation were common business choices where unemployed youths were engaged in. The findings of the study also showed that sex, loan size, loan repayment period and training gap were predictors of youth engagement in various self-employment career choices.

Increasing loan size has a positive and significant influence on youth engagement in all self-employment business choices and has reminded us the need to revise or lift up loan size celling to assist youths in engaging in productive sectors. Similarly, the favourable correlation between female youths and value-added activities necessitates a well-designed female-specific intervention.

An understanding of the key determinants of youth preference to engage in specific self-employment career choices enables practitioners to intervene where necessary in supporting youth self-employment engagement. A combination of skill training, relaxed loan size and relaxed repayment is likely to gain sustainable business, which would benefit the local economy by transforming small businesses to a higher level and creating more job opportunities.

The paper focusses on festivals taking place in coastal regions whose central element is seafood. The purpose is to analyse the role of seafood festivals as potential tourist attractions for local development. The decision to focus on coastal areas is based on a perceived knowledge gap regarding the interactions between different sectors of the sea economy.

Qualitative exploratory case studies of seafood festivals in Italy and Sweden have been performed using an analytical model. The participatory observation methodology contributed to a better understanding of the phenomenon.

The analysis shows the close relationship between seafood and tourism, and although it takes variable forms, food is a fundamental lever for maritime and coastal tourism and local development. Findings suggest that local food events can help strengthening gastronomic identities, despite there is a different articulation between tradition and marketing in the two countries.

Since this paper represents an exploratory study of five seafood festivals, research needs to be extended and replicated before any findings can be generalized. However, the model is flexible enough to be tested in different food events.

Food events represent a key instrument for the integration of territorial policies in which tourism and food products might be used as strategic instruments for the development of coastal areas.

This paper is a first attempt to analyse and compare seafood events, contributing to filling the gap in event literature referring to coastal areas. The model introduced can be used to determine the articulation of tradition-marketing in different food events.

Top management support is recognized as the most critical factor for the success of large information system (IS) projects. However, getting this support is often difficult, because top management has multiple priorities and one has to compete with others to obtain such support. Political maneuvering is thus an integral and necessary part of the process of obtaining top management support. In this chapter the authors review current research on this topic and organize and synthesize our findings into a framework. The authors then propose four specific strategies which can be used to obtain top management support, including the following: (1) social capital, (2) social engagement, (3) rational persuasion, and (4) exchange strategies. While the authors argue that all four strategies should be applied, the specific circumstances in which they should be applied vary. A two-stage process is proposed that identifies the appropriate criteria for determining the most appropriate strategy. The criteria are: (1) the type of top management support needed (i.e., durable vs immediate) and (2) the level of top management-project team trust (i.e., high vs low).

The purpose of this paper is to examine the nature and extent of intellectual and marketing capital disclosure among fashion companies, specifically to compare intellectual capital (IC) disclosure between European and North American fashion companies as well as between fashion industry sectors.

A coding framework proposed by Guthrie and Petty and adapted by Shareef and Davey was further developed for the fashion context and the top 15 European companies and the top 15 North American companies with accessible 2005 annual reports were analysed.

The voluntary annual report disclosures confirmed brands as highly valuable capital assets, central to competitiveness and differentiation in this industry. Fashion firm disclosures also reflected organisational change processes and philosophies in several cases. However it is concluded that fashion companies do not value the role of the consumer in the brand value dynamic, customer satisfaction, nor customer loyalty as intellectual capital assets.

The limitations include the subjectivity of the coding process and because many fashion houses remain in private ownership.

Many items of IC are marketing related, however the disclosure of marketing capital and the implications for value adding potential needs better understanding. Traditional accounting practices only partially recognise the value of an organisation's intellectual capital and therefore, the organisation's ability to generate wealth in the future is poorly represented.

The findings contribute to the IC disclosure literature in a fresh and unique way by analysing the fashion industry for the first time.

Review essay on Stephen A. Resnick and Richard D. Wolff’s, Class Theory and History: Capitalism and Communism in the USSR. New York and London: Routledge. xiv + 353 pp. 2002. The overwhelming ideological dominance of neo-liberalism has led to the widespread acceptance of the most facile explanations of the collapse of the Soviet Union, whose demise supposedly demonstrates the validity of Adam Smith’s critique of political intervention in the functioning of the market. In this book Stephen Resnick and Richard Wolff undertake the vitally important task of theorizing the rise and fall of the Soviet Union from a Marxist perspective. Resnick and Wolff follow the neo-liberals in seeing the Soviet Union as a form of capitalism administered by the state, but reject the neo-liberal critique of the inefficiency of state capitalism, celebrating the supposedly great economic achievements of the Soviet Union. The failure of the Soviet Union lay not in the dominance of the state, but in the failure to go beyond state capitalism to establish a communist society. Instead of building on the limited communist elements in soviet society, the Soviet Union was marked by the persistence of what Resnick and Wolff call the “ancient” and “feudal” class structures which ultimately proved its undoing, by undermining the state capitalist appropriation of the surplus and providing the cultural and political foundations for a return to private capitalist forms of surplus appropriation.

This paper aims to develop a framework for understanding consumers’ response to digital advertising using the affect transfer hypotheses and incorporating search behaviors. The paper also offers future research suggestions.

A quantitative approach is used in this paper by conducting survey research on a research panel. Structural equation model with multi-group comparisons is conducted. The research is conducted using a general US population sample.

Findings demonstrate that the affect transfer hypothesis is sufficient to enhance extant understanding of consumers’ response to digital advertising, but the incorporation of search intentions into the model improves the explanatory power.

To date, little research in digital marketing has studied search intentions and less has done so in the context of digital video advertising. Interestingly, theory from a more traditional domain can lends support for the authors hypotheses.

The purpose of this paper is to assess the extent and quality of intellectual capital disclosures (ICDs) in the annual reports of the New Zealand local government sector.

This paper makes use of an ICD index constructed through a participatory stakeholder consultation process to develop a disclosure index which measures the extent and quality intellectual capital reporting in the 2004/2005 annual reports of 82 local government authorities in New Zealand. The final index comprised 26 items divided into three categories: internal, external and human capital.

The results indicate that the reporting of intellectual capital by local government authorities is varied. The most reported items were joint ventures/business collaborations and management processes, while the least reported items were intellectual property and licensing agreements. The most reported category of intellectual capital was internal capital, followed by external capital. Human capital was the least reported category.

There are a number of limitations associated with this study. First the research covered only one year (2004/2005) which makes it difficult to draw any trend conclusions. Second, differing legal reporting requirements may make it difficult to compare findings of this research with findings of research conducted in other jurisdictions. The final limitation of this study is its exploratory nature of this research and the use of a disclosure index to measure disclosure levels.

The results in this paper indicate that local authorities are disclosing some aspects of intellectual capital in their annual reports. However, there is no consistent reporting framework and many areas of ICDs do not meet stakeholder expectations.

This paper is unique in that it is the first study to make use of an ICD index to examine intellectual capital reporting by local government authorities.