Search results
1 – 10 of 12Pablo Pinazo-Dallenbach and Fernando Castelló-Sirvent
Opportunity-driven entrepreneurship (ODEs) is a key to economic development. Consequently, the emigration of potential ODEs constitutes a barrier to the development of the country…
Abstract
Purpose
Opportunity-driven entrepreneurship (ODEs) is a key to economic development. Consequently, the emigration of potential ODEs constitutes a barrier to the development of the country of origin. Thus, this study examines how the combined effect of subjective insecurity, corruption perception, subjective norm towards emigration, socioeconomic level and the entrepreneurial intention of potentially opportunity-driven university students can affect their propensity to emigrate.
Design/methodology/approach
A sample of students (N = 354) from the Technological University of the State of Zacatecas is surveyed, and a causal model based on the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) configuration methodology is proposed.
Findings
The results suggest that future graduates are more likely to emigrate when their corruption and/or insecurity perceptions are high. In addition, the subjective norm is decisive when taking the decision to emigrate. Finally, in the specific cases of individuals with the highest entrepreneurial intentions as well, their perceptions of corruption and insecurity have a great influence.
Originality/value
This study addresses, from a cognitive point of view, the effect on ODEs of phenomena that are strongly prevalent in Mexico, such as citizen insecurity, corruption, poverty and the migratory tradition.
Propósito
El emprendimiento por oportunidad es clave en el desarrollo económico de los territorios. De esta forma, la emigración de individuos potencialmente emprendedores por oportunidad constituye un freno al desarrollo del país de origen. Así, en esta investigación se estudia cómo el efecto combinado de la inseguridad subjetiva, la percepción de corrupción, la norma subjetiva hacia la emigración, el nivel socioeconómico y la intención emprendedora que presentan los estudiantes universitarios potencialmente emprendedores por oportunidad puede afectar a su propensión a emigrar.
Diseño/metodología/enfoque
Se emplea una muestra de alumnos (N = 354) de la Universidad Tecnológica del Estado de Zacatecas (UTZAC) y se plantea un modelo causal siguiendo la metodología configuracional fsQCA.
Hallazgos
Los resultados sugieren que los futuros egresados presentan mayor propensión a emigrar cuando su percepción de corrupción y/o inseguridad son altas. De la misma manera, la norma subjetiva es determinante a la hora de tomar la decisión de emigrar. Finalmente, en el caso concreto de los individuos con mayor intención emprendedora también se aprecia una gran influencia de su percepción de corrupción y de inseguridad.
Originalidad/valor
Este estudio aborda desde un punto de vista cognitivo el efecto sobre el emprendimiento por oportunidad de fenómenos muy presentes en México como son la inseguridad ciudadana, la corrupción, la tradición migratoria y la pobreza.
Details
Keywords
Gilberto Cardenas Cardenas, Sofía García Gamez and Alvaro Salas Suarez
The purpose of this paper is to develop an overview of the phenomenon of corruption in Latin America and to propose a synthetic aggregate indicator to compress most of the…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop an overview of the phenomenon of corruption in Latin America and to propose a synthetic aggregate indicator to compress most of the statistical information available on corruption for Latin American countries.
Design/methodology/approach
The indicator of corruption has been obtained through factor analysis by applying the principal component methodology.
Findings
The authors have managed to obtain a single component that reproduces and synthesizes 86 per cent of all the information about corruption in Latin America gathered by prestigious institutions.
Research limitations/implications
The authors are aware that their study is not free from limitations. The first limitation is associated with the impossibility of incorporating information related to the phenomenon of corruption from the indicator called Latinobarómetro, as the economies of Cuba and Haiti (included in this research) are not part of the sample analyzed by that indicator. Second, this study reproduces and synthesizes 86 per cent of all available information by prestigious institutions about corruption in Latin America, and although this percentage is significant, it does not constitute 100 per cent.
Originality/value
This study has created a new indicator that gathers methodologies to measure corruption in Latin American countries.
Details
Keywords
Marilyn M. Helms, Martín A. Rodríguez, Lisandro de los Ríos and William (Bill) Hargrave
The purpose of this paper is to examine the external macro‐environmental forces along with the internal country‐specific attributes of Argentina as they influence…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the external macro‐environmental forces along with the internal country‐specific attributes of Argentina as they influence entrepreneurship. The experiences with Argentina's financial crisis of 2001‐2002 have highlighted concerns as to whether the past prosperity can ever be regained. Entrepreneurial ability has received much attention in public discussions as a means to revitalize the lagging economy.
Design/methodology/approach
The popular strategic management tool of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats (SWOT) analysis is used to group a number of current and emerging issues for the country. Their impact on entrepreneurship is then evaluated.
Findings
Argentina has numerous natural resources that can be developed into new businesses. The slow growth of new venture creation in Argentina can be attributed to the difficulties in obtaining capital financing as well as the new business start‐up licenses and procedures. Further limiting entrepreneurship is corruption, the lack of copyright protection, and difficulty hiring employees. However, the government of Argentina has implemented monetary changes to provide funds and other services for supporting new start‐up companies and a key strength of Argentina for entrepreneurship is the country's resources and products. Major opportunities exist in tourism and investments in the growing wine production industry. The major threat to new venture creation, however, is the current worldwide recession.
Research limitations/implications
Research implications for applying SWOT analysis to a country are discussed. While this tool is largely focused on companies and their issues for strategy development, this paper discusses ways to use the methodology to include ranking or weighting variables in their importance to entrepreneurship. A larger sample of experts is suggested for future research along with surveys of industry leaders to refine the ordering of variables.
Practical implications
Implications for practitioners and policy makers within the country and areas for future research are discussed.
Originality/value
The paper adds value to the existing research about new venture creation and start‐ups in Argentina. In addition, the use of SWOT as a country‐analysis methodology is also extended.
Details
Keywords
This chapter studies Digital (or Electronic) Government in Latin American (LatAm) countries from a comparative perspective. It analyzes a group of countries with a significant…
Abstract
This chapter studies Digital (or Electronic) Government in Latin American (LatAm) countries from a comparative perspective. It analyzes a group of countries with a significant degree of economic diversity and public administration heterogeneity. This chapter presents data about the development of the Information Society in Latin America, regarding the diffusion of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and the Internet in the countries of the region and taking into account the digital divide phenomenon. It also analyzes Digital Government from a regional perspective, pinpointing intergovernmental institutions and international organizations devoted to design and define, and, in some cases, implement, shared perspectives and a common agenda within this region. This overview is brought forward by a comparative approximation to the development of e-Government readiness in LatAm countries, using data from the United Nations reports. Additionally, this chapter analyzes sectional e-Government dimensions, including digital public administration national agendas, electronic public service delivery websites, interoperability initiatives, social media technologies, open data and open government strategies, and the future of technology in public sector of the region. Therefore, this chapter is important to understand the role of ICTs as one of the most recent sources of innovation and reform in public administrations Latin America.
Details
Keywords
Yolanda Ramírez, Ángel Tejada and María Pilar Sánchez
This paper aims to investigate the extent of intellectual capital disclosure (ICD) through websites and social media in Spanish local government (SLG) and analyze the factors that…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the extent of intellectual capital disclosure (ICD) through websites and social media in Spanish local government (SLG) and analyze the factors that explain their disclosure.
Design/methodology/approach
The study applies content analysis and regression techniques. The ICD is analyzed for Spanish municipalities with more than 100,000 inhabitants and provincial capitals over a period from January 2018 to February 2020.
Findings
Findings emphasize that the quantity of disclosed information on intellectual capital (IC) is in the low level, particularly with regard to human capital (HC). Furthermore, the results show that the information provided via social media mainly concerns the relational capital (RC). On the other hand, results obtained indicate that larger municipalities, with lower financial autonomy and whose citizens have a high income level use the online media (both websites and social media) more actively to disclose information about IC. Finally, municipalities led by women and with high level of citizens' education exert a positive influence in the ICD only on websites.
Practical implications
This paper makes a number of key contributions to the existing body of knowledge, focusing on ICD, a neglected area in the public sector accounting literature. It explores and identifies the supply-side and demand-side determinants of information affecting the ICD in local governments. The results of this research could be useful for policymakers, regulators and governments' managers to improve the online information addressing ICD issues.
Originality/value
This paper adopts an innovative perspective by investigating the use of alternative tools for ICD in local government context (websites and social media). To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that focuses on investigating the determinants of online ICD in local governments.
Details
Keywords
Antonio Aledo, Jens Kr. Steen Jacobsen and Leif Selstad
The Spanish region commercially branded as Costa Blanca has long been a popular destination for millions of holidaymakers from both northern Europe and Spain itself (Gaviria…
Abstract
The Spanish region commercially branded as Costa Blanca has long been a popular destination for millions of holidaymakers from both northern Europe and Spain itself (Gaviria Labarta, 1974; Moreno Garrido, 2007). However, from the 1960s onward, these Mediterranean shores have also attracted thousands of people from northern Europe for other purposes, some as more or less permanent residents, and others as seasonal peripatetic visitors, traveling back and forth between their first, second or third homes (Aledo, 2008). In many ways, the increase in second home visits and long-term stays in areas such as Mediterranean Spain parallels well-known developments of seasonal and full-time retirement and other migration in North America to what has been termed the Sunbelt states (Mings & McHugh, 1995). The situation in Europe, however, is more complex, due, for instance, to the crossing of national borders, a variety of spoken languages, and possibly also for greater cultural differences. Certain parts of such flows are related to perceptions of diminishing distances and to the progress of internationalization processes in societies in general, where tourism and other long-distance mobilities are not only an outcome, but also a crucial catalyst.
Gilberto Cárdenas Cárdenas and Reyna Vergara González
The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of the e-goverment on corruption in Mexico. Mexico, although it has fought corruption from different angles, continues to be…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of the e-goverment on corruption in Mexico. Mexico, although it has fought corruption from different angles, continues to be among the most corrupt countries in the world. One possible tool to reduce corruption, or at least so-called bureaucratic corruption, is e-government. There are studies that confirm an inverse relationship between e-government and corruption; as e-government increases, corruption decreases. The purpose of this research is to analyze the impact of the development of e-government (electronic portals) on corruption.
Design/methodology/approach
To achieve the stated objective, the authors have used econometrics (clusters) as the main methodology to obtain a possible confirmation of such inverse relationship between e-government and corruption in the 32 states that make up the country, for the period 2015–2019.
Findings
In the states that make up the Republic of Mexico, as the development of e-government increases, the corruption variable does not decrease. There is no significant relationship between these two variables.
Originality/value
The relationship between the variables e-government and corruption has been extensively studied in previous articles. However, in Latin America, studies on the impact of e-government on corruption are scarce, and at the Mexican national level are almost nonexistent.
Details
Keywords
Antonios Marios Koumpias, Jorge Martínez-Vázquez and Eduardo Sanz-Arcega
The purpose of this paper is to quantify to what extent the housing bubble in the early-to-mid 2000s in Spain exacerbated land planning corruption among Spain’s largest…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to quantify to what extent the housing bubble in the early-to-mid 2000s in Spain exacerbated land planning corruption among Spain’s largest municipalities.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors exploit plausibly exogenous variation in housing prices induced by changes in local mortgage market conditions; namely, the rapid expansion of savings banks (Cajas de Ahorros). Accounting for electoral competition in the 2003–2007 and 2007–2009 electoral cycles among Spanish municipalities larger than 25,000 inhabitants, the authors estimate a positive relationship between housing prices and land planning corruption in municipalities with variation in savings bank establishments using instrumental variables techniques.
Findings
A 1% increase in housing prices leads to a 3.9% points increase in the probability of land planning corruption. Moreover, absolute majority governments (not needing other parties’ support) are more susceptible to the incidence of corruption than non-majority ones. Two policy implications to address corruption emerge: enhance electoral competition and increase scrutiny over land planning decisions in sparsely populated.
Originality/value
First empirical evidence of a formal link between the 2000s housing bubble in Spain and land planning corruption.
Details