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This chapter argues that Marx's definition of “accumulation of capital” is sufficiently ambiguous to lead to troublesome conceptions after his death. It is held that Lenin moved conceptualization in a misleading direction by moving accumulation of capital away from social relations of production. Luxemburg's criticism of Marx's schemes of extended reproduction, on the other hand, is very helpful in moving back towards an emphasis on class relations. To conclude, a definition is offered: accumulation of capital as increase of wage-labor with its associated constant capital. An appendix provides the first English translation of Lenin's marginal notes on Luxemburg's book.

For Marx, workers would be the prime motivators for a fundamental change toward a new economic system. They produce the output of the economy but have little control over their working environment, the product or the direction that economic change would take. They are alienated although often without a consciousness of the systemic source of their alienation. The social system results in workers having to work longer than necessary to reproduce their socially defined needs as workers. The surplus product, taking the form of surplus value, generates property income in the form of rents, interest and profit. Those holding ownership of the means of production claim the results of the workers' labour. The existence of wage labour creates a necessary condition for means of production becoming capital. This concept of capital is different from both chattels and personal property. Stander notes such a difference between these two and capital, but he does not note the difference between means of production and capital which seem to be identical for him.

This chapter first examines evidence concerning departures of the four flights out of Boston, D.C., and Newark, including identifications of the aircrafts involved, some evidence regarding the flight paths, and then the hijackings. Alleged video evidence at airports for the hijackers themselves is examined, but found to be unacceptable.

The fact of a conspiracy is uncontested by all. Three alternative conspiracy possibilities regarding the planes are examined: the ‘official’ one of suicide hijackers skillfully guiding planes with steeled determination into targets (independent of the hijackers’ identities); use of beaconing or electronic control, similar to ordinary commercial landings, into the targets; and use of ‘drone’ airplanes. The third alternative is not supportable at this time, but the other two are possible explanations, not necessarily equally likely.

The issue of insider trading before 9-11 is addressed. Publicly available data from OptionMetrics are provided and analyzed, indicating that many early reports were not using accurate data. Turning to an academic study in the Journal of Business which relies upon confidential, superior data, the findings are summarized that, indeed, there is evidence of insider trading before 9-11 on American Airlines and United Airlines. Larger concerns of insider trading are also summarized. Lastly, we give brief consideration to the profits certain capitalists make out of 9-11.