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1 – 10 of over 9000Sallie J. Weaver, Xin Xuan Che, Peter J. Pronovost, Christine A. Goeschel, Keith C. Kosel and Michael A. Rosen
Early writings about teamwork in healthcare emphasized that healthcare providers needed to evolve from a team of experts into an expert team. This is no longer enough. As patients…
Abstract
Purpose
Early writings about teamwork in healthcare emphasized that healthcare providers needed to evolve from a team of experts into an expert team. This is no longer enough. As patients, accreditation bodies, and regulators increasingly demand that care is coordinated, safe, of high quality, and efficient, it is clear that healthcare organizations increasingly must function and learn not only as expert teams but also as expert multiteam systems (MTSs).
Approach
In this chapter, we offer a portrait of the robust, and albeit complex, multiteam structures that many healthcare systems are developing in order to adapt to rapid changes in regulatory and financial pressures while simultaneously improving patient safety, quality, and performance.
Findings and value
The notion of continuous improvement rooted in continuous learning has been embraced as a battle cry from the boardroom to the bedside, and the MTS concept offers a meaningful lens through which we can begin to understand, study, and improve these complex organizational systems dedicated to tackling some of the most important goals of our time.
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Ana Marinho Diniz, Susana Ramos, Karina Pecora and José Branco
Adverse events in health care became more evident at the beginning of the 21st century, being an emerging problem worldwide and impacting the lives of people receiving health…
Abstract
Adverse events in health care became more evident at the beginning of the 21st century, being an emerging problem worldwide and impacting the lives of people receiving health care, contributing to preventable injuries and deaths. This evidence has motivated the development of specific training in the area of patient safety with a strong focus on the education and training of health professionals, and, more recently, it also aimed at patient, informal caregiver and all citizens. In this sense, the use of digital technology for patient safety training has been an important challenge and proves to be a good solution for training and continuous learning, both for professionals and people in general. The use of multimedia, videos, games, simulators, among others, are effectively essential resources to improve people’s health literacy and safety of care.
This chapter presents a narrative review on patient safety training and the contributions of digital technology. The experience report will also be used, presenting some examples of quality improvement projects developed by Portuguese and Brazilian entities, in training contexts, highlighting the importance of investing in the health literacy of professionals, patients/informal caregivers and civil society, through applying specific techniques and using digital technology.
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Chih-Yi Chi, Chih-Hsuan Huang, Yii-Ching Lee, Cheng-Feng Wu and Hsin-Hung Wu
The purpose of this study is to identify critical demographic variables that would significant influence each dimension of patient safety culture. Understanding nurses' attitudes…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to identify critical demographic variables that would significant influence each dimension of patient safety culture. Understanding nurses' attitudes toward patient safety is important for healthcare organizations to relentlessly improve medical quality and services for patients.
Design/methodology/approach
The internal survey data sets in 2015 and 2016 from nurses' viewpoints are used. Linear regression with forward selection is applied where nine demographic variables are the input variables, while each dimension of the Chinese version of safety attitudes questionnaire (SAQ) is the dependent variable.
Findings
Supervisor/manager is the most essential demographic variable that has significant impacts on six dimensions. Experience in organization is the other critical demographic variable.
Practical implications
Nurses who are in charge of supervisors/managers are more satisfied in six of eight dimensions. Nurses who have much experience in an organization tend to have less satisfaction in three dimensions. Therefore, hospital management should enhance the leader's effectiveness in engaging their subordinates' commitment.
Originality/value
The results enable the hospital management to pay much attention to two major demographic variables, namely supervisor/manager and experience in organization, in order to improve the patient safety culture based on the Chinese version of SAQ in this hospital. Moreover, supervisor/manager is a more critical demographic variable for nurses due to larger absolute values of standardized coefficients by linear regression with forward selection.
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Samuel B. Sheps and Karen Cardiff
The aim of this review is to examine factors that may explain why other industries are considered ultrasafe while progress toward preventing adverse events in health care is not…
Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this review is to examine factors that may explain why other industries are considered ultrasafe while progress toward preventing adverse events in health care is not considered to have reached that level.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper is a narrative review.
Findings
Despite a decade of intense effort, the problem of patient harm in health care facilities remains a challenge. A recent study of ten hospitals in North Carolina, which have actively engaged in patient safety initiatives, reported rates of adverse events similar to those in the Institute of Medicine report, To Err Is Human in 1999. Seven key issues and their interaction are described.
Research limitations/implications
This review focuses on broad issues that likely impede progress generally, not on individual project or individual hospital program success stories.
Originality/value
The authors believe the difficulty in making significant headway on the patient safety agenda is due in part to the fact that it was always going to be a long (indeed never ending) struggle – aviation for example took almost 60 years to become ultra‐safe – and in part to misunderstanding the nature of the dynamics that are involved in the generation of adverse events in risk critical industries. The paper reflects on the nature of the safety initiatives that health care has tended to focus on, but which have not sufficiently taken note of central concepts of safety science, as well as on features of the health care system itself that have impeded, in the authors' view, progress on enhancing patient safety.
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Peter J. Pronovost, C. Michael Armstrong, Renee Demski, Ronald R. Peterson and Paul B. Rothman
The purpose of this paper is to offer six principles that health system leaders can apply to establish a governance and management system for the quality of care and patient safety…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to offer six principles that health system leaders can apply to establish a governance and management system for the quality of care and patient safety.
Design/methodology/approach
Leaders of a large academic health system set a goal of high reliability and formed a quality board committee in 2011 to oversee quality and patient safety everywhere care was delivered. Leaders of the health system and every entity, including inpatient hospitals, home care companies, and ambulatory services staff the committee. The committee works with the management for each entity to set and achieve quality goals. Through this work, the six principles emerged to address management structures and processes.
Findings
The principles are: ensure there is oversight for quality everywhere care is delivered under the health system; create a framework to organize and report the work; identify care areas where quality is ambiguous or underdeveloped (i.e. islands of quality) and work to ensure there is reporting and accountability for quality measures; create a consolidated quality statement similar to a financial statement; ensure the integrity of the data used to measure and report quality and safety performance; and transparently report performance and create an explicit accountability model.
Originality/value
This governance and management system for quality and safety functions similar to a finance system, with quality performance documented and reported, data integrity monitored, and accountability for performance from board to bedside. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first description of how a board has taken this type of systematic approach to oversee the quality of care.
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Ioana Popescu, Kim Neudorf and Sandi N. Kossey
The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the perspectives of patient advisors (PAs) on the current state of antimicrobial resistance (AR) and stewardship in Canada…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the perspectives of patient advisors (PAs) on the current state of antimicrobial resistance (AR) and stewardship in Canada and identifies next steps, with the goal of stimulating further collaboration for action between leaders and PAs as well as research.
Design/methodology/approach
The perspectives of PAs were gathered using an electronic online survey of 72 respondents. A search of peer reviewed literature and publicly available reports informed the development of the survey and the articulation of a more comprehensive viewpoint in this paper.
Findings
PAs view AR as a serious and growing public health threat. They believe sharing the responsibility for infection prevention and control and antimicrobial stewardship will help to control the problem. They see healthcare professionals as the most appropriate stakeholders to influence behaviors associated with appropriate antibiotic use, however, they also see value in public campaigns. Importantly, they identify several opportunities for PA contribution: education of care providers, patients, families, and the public; co-design and development of materials, policies, improvement initiatives, and research; and participation in and promotion of public campaigns.
Practical implications
Engaging PAs as partners at all system levels is becoming common practice. PAs bring a unique and complementary perspective that could contribute to antimicrobial stewardship efforts.
Originality/value
This paper begins to bridge a gap between literature and practice, and proposes that PAs can contribute to antimicrobial stewardship efforts.
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Simon Mathews, Sherita Golden, Renee Demski, Peter Pronovost and Lisa Ishii
The purpose of this study is to demonstrate how action learning can be practically applied to quality and safety challenges at a large academic medical health system and become…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to demonstrate how action learning can be practically applied to quality and safety challenges at a large academic medical health system and become fundamentally integrated with an institution’s broader approach to quality and safety.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors describe how the fundamental principles of action learning have been applied to advancing quality and safety in health care at a large academic medical institution. The authors provide an academic contextualization of action learning in health care and then transition to how this concept can be practically applied to quality and safety by providing detailing examples at the unit, cross-functional and executive levels.
Findings
The authors describe three unique approaches to applying action learning in the comprehensive unit-based safety program, clinical communities and the quality management infrastructure. These examples, individually, provide discrete ways to integrate action learning in the advancement of quality and safety. However, more importantly when combined, they represent how action learning can form the basis of a learning health system around quality and safety.
Originality/value
This study represents the broadest description of action learning applied to the quality and safety literature in health care and provides detailed examples of its use in a real-world context.
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Andrea C. Bishop and Brianna R. Cregan
The purpose of this paper is to determine what patient and family stories can tell us about patient safety culture within health care organizations and how patients experience…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to determine what patient and family stories can tell us about patient safety culture within health care organizations and how patients experience patient safety culture.
Design/methodology/approach
A total of 11 patient and family stories of adverse event experiences were examined in September 2013 using publicly available videos on the Canadian Patient Safety Insitute web site. Videos were transcribed verbatim and collated as one complete data set. Thematic analysis was used to perform qualitative inquiry. All qualitative analysis was done using NVivo 10 software.
Findings
A total of three themes were identified: first, Being Passed Around; second, Not Having the Conversation; and third, the Person Behind the Patient. Results from this research also suggest that while health care organizations and providers might expect patients to play a larger role in managing their health, there may be underlying reasons as to why patients are not doing so.
Practical implications
The findings indicate that patient experiences and narratives are useful sources of information to better understand organizational safety culture and patient experiences of safety while hospitalized. Greater inclusion and analysis of patient safety narratives is important in understanding the needs of patients and how patient safety culture interventions can be improved to ensure translation of patient safety strategies at the frontlines of care.
Originality/value
Greater acknowledgement of the patient and family experience provides organizations with an integral perspective to assist in defining and addressing deficiencies within their patient safety culture and to identify opportunities for improvement.
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Johan Hellings, Ward Schrooten, Niek Klazinga and Arthur Vleugels
The purpose of this paper is to measure patient safety culture in five Belgian general hospitals. Safety culture plays an important role in the approach towards greater patient…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to measure patient safety culture in five Belgian general hospitals. Safety culture plays an important role in the approach towards greater patient safety in hospitals.
Design/methodology/approach
The Patient Safety Culture Hospital questionnaire was distributed hospital‐wide in five general hospitals. It evaluates ten patient safety culture dimensions and two outcomes. The scores were expressed as the percentage of positive answers towards patient safety for each dimension. The survey was conducted from March through November 2005. In total, 3,940 individuals responded (overall response rate = 77 per cent), including 2,813 nurses and assistants, 462 physicians, 397 physiotherapists, laboratory and radiology assistants, social workers and 64 pharmacists and pharmacy assistants.
Findings
The dimensional positive scores were found to be low to average in all the hospitals. The lowest scores were “hospital management support for patient safety” (35 per cent), “non‐punitive response to error” (36 per cent), “hospital transfers and transitions” (36 per cent), “staffing” (38 per cent), and “teamwork across hospital units” (40 per cent). The dimension “teamwork within hospital units” generated the highest score (70 per cent). Although the same dimensions were considered problematic in the different hospitals, important variations between the five hospitals were observed.
Practical implications
A comprehensive and tailor‐made plan to improve patient safety culture in these hospitals can now be developed.
Originality/value
Results indicate that important aspects of the patient safety culture in these hospitals need improvement. This is an important challenge to all stakeholders wishing to improve patient safety.
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Peter J Pronovost and Jill A Marsteller
– The purpose of this paper is to describe how a fractal-based quality management infrastructure could benefit quality improvement (QI) and patient safety efforts in health care.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to describe how a fractal-based quality management infrastructure could benefit quality improvement (QI) and patient safety efforts in health care.
Design/methodology/approach
The premise for this infrastructure comes from the QI work with health care professionals and organizations. The authors used the fractal structure system in a health system initiative, a statewide collaborative, and several countrywide efforts to improve quality of care. It is responsive to coordination theory and this infrastructure is responsive to coordination theory and repeats specific characteristics at every level of an organization, with vertical and horizontal connections among these levels to establish system-wide interdependence.
Findings
The fractal system infrastructure helped a health system achieve 96 percent compliance on national core measures, and helped intensive care units across the USA, Spain, and England to reduce central line-associated bloodstream infections.
Practical implications
The fractal system approach organizes workers around common goals, links all hospital levels and, supports peer learning and accountability, grounds solutions in local wisdom, and effectively uses available resources.
Social implications
The fractal structure helps health care organizations meet their social and ethical obligations as learning organizations to provide the highest possible quality of care and safety for patients using their services.
Originality/value
The concept of deliberately creating an infrastructure to manage QI and patient safety work and support organizational learning is new to health care. This paper clearly describes how to create a fractal infrastructure that can scale up or down to a department, hospital, health system, state, or country.
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