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The purpose of this paper is to help people understand innovation and related policies in China over the past 25 years by using and analyzing patent data retrieved from State Intellectual Property Office (SIPO) of the People's Republic of China, at: http://www.sipo.gov. cn/sipo2008/tjxx/. Innovation in China attracts attention all over the world. The patent is considered as the fountain of innovation and is widely applied to measure innovation of a country or a region.

This study analyzed the trends of both patent filings and patent grants/registrations during 1985‐2009 and explored the ratio change between them by using data statistical method. Based on the statistically analysis, patent law and related policies were further analyzed. The paper also gives some suggestions on Chinese innovation policy.

The paper drew the following conclusions: both total patent filings and total patent grants/registration in SIPO appear to have an increase of exponential trends, especially during the years of 2005‐2009; patent filings and patent grants/registration in SIPO also appear to have an increase of exponential trends, but the gap between patent filings and patent grants/registration seems to be widening in recent years; the two revisions of Chinese patent law in the years 1992 and 2000 have had some positive impacts on patent filings and patent grants/registration to some degree; the ratios of patent filings to total patent filings and patent grants/registration to total patent grants/registration in SIPO during the years of 1985‐2009 are comparatively lower by 31.60 percent and 16.37 percent; and Japan and USA are the two leading countries in terms of non‐resident patent grants/registration in SIPO.

This study is still macroscopic, more detailed analysis should be done in future studies.

This study takes an overall view of innovation in China in the past 25 years by analyzing patent data and related law and policies. It proposes related institutions perfection, which will enhance innovation development in China.

Research on innovation in China via patentometrics has not been found thus far using all patent data during the period of 1985‐2009 in SIPO.

At present, the contribution of higher educational institutes (HEIs) to economic development and society at large is under constant evaluation. One important parameter that is counted in their performance is generating intellectual capital. To maximize intellectual property (IP) (specifically patents which are considered to have maximum economic value) pool, the purpose of this paper is to conceptualize IP creation capability (IPCC) relevant to higher education. Furthermore, a scale is developed and validated to measure IPCC in Indian HEIs.

Both quantitative and qualitative methods were adopted for multi-dimensional scale development. The use of pragmatic approach also complemented exploratory design of the study for exploring relationship and developing a new instrument. The study further maps the connection between constructs of IPCC by proposing a structural model using the partial least squares path modeling method.

A significant positive relationship was seen among policy, incentives, research facility, working culture and IPCC subjected to Indian conditions. The findings based on data analysis suggest that incentive has a mediating effect between policy and IPCC.

Findings of the study could be used for formulating strategies to improve the current state of IP creation in HEIs. The results of the study could also be applied for a better understanding of the IP creation scenario in HEIs of India and similar developing countries.

This study presents the first endeavor to develop a well-structured scale for measuring IPCC especially in the context of the Indian higher education system. It contributes to research on higher education studies, innovation and IP creation.

This paper aims to discuss the early brand protection efforts of Coca‐Cola.

The paper examines the hundreds of trademark infringement challenges brought by Coca‐Cola in courts and before the US Patent and Trademark Office and develops a tripartite system of categorizing these challenges by primary legal issue.

Coca‐Cola developed several innovations in brand identity protection including challenges to a wide variety of similar names, logos and packaging, the use of detectives in service settings and the use of consumer psychological evidence in legal proceedings. Ultimately, it protected it name against those rivals that closely imitated both words in its name or words similar to Coca or Coke. However, it was unable to obtain exclusive rights to the word cola which became the generic designation for such drinks.

Even today, the scope of Coca‐Cola's brand protection efforts provide a useful model for modern brands. This work also presents and summarizes important historical data.

This study examines Coca‐Cola's brand protection efforts and legal challenges in much greater detail than previous historical works on Coca‐Cola.

A qualitative development is discernible in China’s pursuit of global influence in knowledge following the launch of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). China has embarked on expanding the frontiers of its higher education and research enterprise in different geographies, a subset of its global power project. This paper employs the geointellect concept to analyze this phenomenon.

The paper applies the geointellect model, formed inductively, to illuminate China’s geographical expanse in higher education and research.

The BRI has provided a platform for China to shape the educational architecture of the participating countries, apart from receiving a boost in its prestige by leading educational alliances and opening overseas research centres. In quantitative terms, it has made progress in specific knowledge metrics. Nevertheless, certain challenges and limitations need to be overcome.

The role of a foreign policy in boosting a country’s knowledge profile has been identified. Future research directions have been provided in using the geointellect model.

This study provides a direction to evaluate the implications of China’s foreign policy for its knowledge segment, especially in terms of capturing its leading prowess in higher education and research.

It contributes a conceptual model to capture the different facets of China’s geointellect, with foreign policy, geography, higher education, and research being its constituents.

Coca‐Cola is relatively standardised around the world. However, expansion into Poland was exceptionally challenging. This case is about the entry of Coca‐Cola into the Polish market. The reader realises that there are important differences within Poland to consider.