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With the growing penetration of financial technology, financial firms and banking institutions have seen a rise in the volume of cyber-attacks in recent years. Cyber criminals are using more sophisticated techniques to beat traditional passive defences. The purpose of this paper is to explore, analyse and recommend various active cyber defence strategies and techniques that can be implemented by organizations in financial sector to secure and safeguard their assets and cyber space.

This paper adopts a secondary research approach on the various techniques that can be used effectively to adopt active cyber defence strategy.

Based on the existing strategies and techniques available and those being currently developed, this paper proposes a holistic approach that can be adopted by banks and financial institutions to secure their cyber space. This involves a combination of active and passive cyber defence techniques and effective threat intelligence.

The following paper has been checked for plagiarism and is within the acceptable standards for publishing in this journal. Appropriate references have been duly cited, and the formulation of the final recommendation is the original work of the authors.

In the last a few years a number of highly publicized incidents of Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks against high‐profile government and commercial websites have made people aware of the importance of providing data and services security to users. A DDoS attack is an availability attack, which is characterized by an explicit attempt from an attacker to prevent legitimate users of a service from using the desired resources. This paper introduces the vulnerability of web applications to DDoS attacks, and presents an active distributed defense system that has a deployment mixture of sub‐systems to protect web applications from DDoS attacks. According to the simulation experiments, this system is effective in that it is able to defend web applications against attacks. It can avoid overall network congestion and provide more resources to legitimate web users.

Presents a macro analysis of the dynamics of temporally linked crisis events and the non‐linear effects resulting from the linkage. The nature of crisis is explored as a singular conceptual construct, and four forms of linkage between crises are assessed. Specific emphasis is placed on how such linkages amplify the total damage upon society and lengthen the duration of the cumulative recovery effort. Based on the assessment, new points of strategic planning focus are identified to drive continued empirical research and to support the development of future operational plans in crisis response.

This paper aims to focus on reducing the vulnerability of Ahvaz city against urban disasters and lowering the number of casualties and amount of financial losses using modern approaches to develop resilience strategies that can increase urban safety to an acceptable level. The strategic situation of Ahvaz city, because of its abundant resources, the war experience and its location on the boundary regions of Iran, highlights its significance. Ahvaz has a high population and an extended texture, and the existence of extraordinary constructions increases the importance of physical resilience in this city.

The present study investigates built environment aspects such as the urban structure, the urban form, land-use proximity pattern, urban road network and crucial and vulnerable centres in Ahvaz, using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. Hence, the areas at risk in Ahvaz were identified and illustrated in a comprehensive risk assessment map, and then, by using the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats technique and finally by using the Delphi method, some strategies and plans were presented to reduce the level of vulnerability in Ahvaz. Then, these strategies are prioritized by applying quality function deployment (QFD) technique.

The risk assessment result shows that most parts of Ahvaz’s urban areas are highly at risk. The central and northern parts of Ahvaz have the highest vulnerability at a time of crisis. These zones include district 1 (city centre) and districts 2, 3 and 7 at the city’s margins. The result of QFD process showed that the essential urban resilience strategy is to positively consider the passive defence studies with a physical resilience approach. Also, the proper distribution of strategic points in the city, moving the industrial and oil companies from the peripheral area, and facilitating access to vital, crucial centres to support urban regions are considered the most effective strategic plans.

This paper, with an integrated approach, examines and prioritizes the main physical problems of Ahvaz city based on the spatial analysis and opinions of experts. The physical strategies presented in this paper can significantly reduce the risks and increase the urban resilience of Ahvaz city in the face of crisis.

How does the interaction between two or more people affect their performance? Is there one strategy which is more effective than another in promoting positive interaction? Can one be more effective as a manager through employing specific strategies and is there a lost potential from the use of ineffective interaction strategies?

We take an affect-based approach to theoretically introduce and explore the knowing-doing gap of leadership. We focus on the emotion of fear that managers may experience in the workplace, and how it may influence the transfer of their leadership knowledge into leadership action.

We use Affective Events Theory as our underlying theoretical lens, drawing on emotional, cognitive, and behavioral mechanisms to explain the role of fear in the widening and bridging of the knowing-doing gap of leadership.

We theoretically explore the interplay between leader fear, the leadership contexts, and the knowing-doing gap of leadership. From this, we develop a multidimensional theoretical framework on the influence of leader fear on the knowing-doing gap of leadership.

We highlight how fear and the knowing-doing gap of leadership may be influenced by and potentially impact on individual managers and their leadership contexts.

Our initial theoretical framework provides a starting point for understanding fear and the knowing-doing gap of leadership. It has implications for future research to enhance our understanding of the topic, and contributes toward existing approaches on leadership development as well as emotions and leadership.